Bible Query - Early
Manuscripts of Romans

Q: In Rom, what are early New Testament manuscripts we have preserved today?
A: Here are many of them.
p10 (=Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 209) Romans 1:1-7 (4th century). Alexandrian text
4th century - 1968 - The Text of the New Testament.
p26 Romans 1:1-16 c.600 A.D. Agrees with Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus
c.600 A.D. -1968 - The Text of the New Testament.
p27 Romans 8:12-22,24-27; 8:33-9:3; 9:5-9 (3rd century) The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts has a picture of part of p27 on p.109.
3rd century - 1968 - The Text of the New Testament.
p31 Romans 12:308 7th century. Agrees with Sinaiticus
7th century - 1968 - The Text of the New Testament.
p40 Rom 1:24-17; 1:31-2:3; 3:21-4:8; (2 out of 19 letters of 6:2), 7 out of 62 letters or 6:3) 6:4-5; (7 out of 56 letters of 6:15); 6:16; 9:17,27 (3rd century) Alexandrian text.
3rd century - 1968 - The Text of the New Testament does not mention verses 6:2-3, 15
p46 Chester Beatty II 100-150 A.D. Romans 5:17-6:3; 6:5-14; 8:15-25,27-35; 8:37-9:32; 10:1-11:22; 11:24-33; 11:35-15:9; 15:11-16:27, and other parts of Paul's letters and Hebrews. (233 verses of Romans) The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts has a photograph of part of p46 on p.192. It also says on p.197-198 that the quality and the stichiometric marks show that a professional scribe wrote this.
First half of 3rd century - 1936 - Frederic G. Kenyon according to The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts.
2nd century, 200 A.D. - 1935 - Ulrich Wilken according to The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts.
200 A.D. - 1968 - The Text of the New Testament.
81-96 A.D. - 1988 - Young Kyu Kim according to The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts.
About 200 A.D. - 1975 - Aland et al. Third edition.
About 200 A.D. - 1998 - Aland et al. Fourth revised edition.
Early to middle 2nd century - 1999 - The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts. This is based in part on the handwriting being very similar to Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 8 (late first or early second century) and Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 2337 (late first century).
p61 Romans 16:23,25-27; 1 Corinthians 1:1-2, 2-6; 5:1-3, 5-6, 9-13; Philippians 3:5-9, 12-16, Colossians 1:3-7, 9-13, 1 Thessalonians 1:2-3; Titus 3:1-5, 8-11, 14-15 Philemon 4-7. c.700 A.D.
c.700 A.D. - 1968 - The Text of the New Testament.
About 700 A.D. - 1975 - Aland et al. Third edition.
About 700 A.D. - 1998 - Aland et al. Fourth revised edition.
p94 Romans 6:10-13,19-22 (5th/6th century)
p113 (=Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4498) Romans 2:12-13,20 (3rd century)
Uncial 0220 (c.300 A.D.) Rom 4:23-5:3; 5:8-13 (c.300 A.D.) The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts p.646 says this manuscript agrees with Vaticanus everywhere except on Romans 5:1. It also says that while Rom 5:8-13 is there too, it is too damaged for reconstruction.
Vaticanus 325-350 A.D.
Sinaiticus 340-350 A.D.
Bohairic Coptic 3rd/4th century
Fayyumic Coptic 3th/4th century
Sahidic Coptic 3rd/4rth century
Alexandrinus c.450 A.D.
Gothic 493-555 A.D.
Ephraemi Rescriptus 5th century
Armenian [Arm] from 5th century
Claromontanus 6th century
Ethiopic [Eth] from c.500 A.D.
Palestinian Syriac [Syr Pal] from c.6th century
Peshitta Syriac [Syr P] 411-435 A.D... Over 350 manuscripts.
Harclean Syriac [Syr H] 616.A.D Thomas of Harkel

Q: In Rom, what are the manuscript variations with the Textus Receptus, the basis for the KJV?
A: Jay P. Green, Sr. in the Interlinear Bible records variations in approximately 55 words between the Textus Receptus and the majority text. These are in 40 places. (These are in chapters 1, 2, 4, 7-15). This is not counting moving 16:25-27 to the end of chapter 14. In addition, he also records approximately 3 words (3 places) of alternates.

Q: In Rom, what are some of the manuscript variations?
A: The Letter to the Romans has a total of about 7,030 Greek words and a word-for-word accuracy of 96.4%, with 253 words in question. These are in 100 verses (113 places), out of 433 total verses. Below are the variations with the primary choice and the top alternate choice. Aland, from which this primarily is based, also gives a judgment of the degree of certainty for each variation.
Rom 1:1 "Christ Jesus" (p10, Vaticanus) vs. "Jesus Christ" (p26, Sinaiticus, Alexadrinus, Byzantine Lectionary, Sahidic Coptic, Bohairic Coptic, Georgian, Chrysostom)
Rom 1:7 "being in Rome beloved of God" (almost all manuscripts) vs. "being beloved of God" (Italic, Origen, bilingual "G" ninth century, and 9th-11th century manuscripts) (2 words not counted in the totals) See A Textual Commentary on the New Testament fourth revised edition by Bruce Metzger p.447 for more info.
Rom 1:7 "beloved of God" (p10, p26, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Alexandrinus, Sahidic Coptic, Bohairic Coptic, Armenian, Origen) vs. "in the love of God" (some Italic) vs. absent (2 words not counted in the totals, because the support is overwhelming for the first way.)
Rom 1:13 "not I wish" vs. "not I think" (Since Aland et al. call this variation "virtually certain" and no major manuscripts have this variation, these two words are not counted in the totals.)
Rom 1:15 "to you in Rome preach" vs. "preach" (bilingual G and the Latin translation of Origen) (3 words, though the support is overwhelming for the first way.)
Rom 1:16 "to the Jew first" (most manuscripts) vs. "to the Jew" (Vaticanus, G, some Italic, Sahidic Coptic, Tertullian, Ephraem) (1 word)
Rom 1:29 "iniquity, covetousness, malice" vs. "iniquity, malice, covetousness" vs. "malice, iniquity"
Rom 1:31 "heartless/without affection, unmerciful/ruthless" vs. "heartless/without affection, implacable, unmerciful/ruthless"
Rom 2:2 "but that the judgment" vs. "for that the judgment"
Rom 2:16 "Christ Jesus" vs. "Jesus Christ"
Rom 3:7 "but" vs. "for"
Rom 3:9 "do we excel, not at all: vs. "are we excelling, not at all" (3 words)
Rom 3:12 absent vs. "not is"
Rom 3:22 "to all" vs. "with all"
Rom 3:25 "through faith" vs. "through the faith"
Rom 3:26 "Jesus" (Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Alexandrinus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, Byzantine) vs. "Jesus Christ" (Bohairic Coptic, some Italic) vs. "Lord Jesus the Messiah" (Syriac Peshitta)1 word not counted in the totals
Rom 3:28 "for" vs. "then"
Rom 4:1 "shall we say Abraham our ancestor" vs. "shall we say Abraham our father" vs. "Abraham our father shall we say"
Rom 4:1 "by Abraham" vs. "About Abraham"
Rom 4:11 "to be counted also" vs. "to be counted"
Rom 4:15 "for" (different Greek words)
Rom 4:19 "he considered" vs. "not he considered"
Rom 4:19 "already to have died" vs. "to have died"
Rom 4:22 "therefore also vs. "Therefore"
Rom 5:1 "we have" vs. "let us have"
Rom 5:2 "by faith" vs. "in by faith" vs. absent (2 words)
Rom 5:6 absent vs. "yet for"
Rom 5:12 "death passed" vs. "passed death" vs. "passed"
Rom 5:17 "gift of" vs. "of the gift and of" vs. "of"
Rom 6:4 "therefore" vs. "for"
Rom 6:8 "for" (different Greek words)
Rom 6:11 "Christ Jesus" vs. "Christ Jesus our Lord"
Rom 6:12 "the lusts of it" vs. "it" (p46, Bezae Cantabrigiensis) vs. "it in the lusts of it"
Rom 6:16 "sin unto death" vs. "sin"
Rom 7:6 "law, dying", vs. "law, the death"
Rom 7:14 "we know" (oidamen) vs. "I know indeed) (oida men) the only difference is a space, so 1 word not counted in the totals
Rom 7:18 "good where" vs. "good, not I find"
Rom 7:20 "I do not will" vs. "[I] do not will"
Rom 7:22 "God" vs. "mind" (Vaticanus only, so not counted in the totals)
Rom 7:23 "captive in the law" vs. "captive the law" (2 words)
Rom 7:25 "grace even of God" vs. "I thank God"
Rom 8:1 "Jesus" vs. "Jesus, walking not according to the flesh" vs. "Jesus, walking not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit." (8 words) (See the discussion on Romans 8:1 for more info.)
Rom 8:2 "you (singular)" vs. "me" vs. "us"
Rom 8:11 "Jesus from death" vs. "the one Jesus from death"
Rom 8:11 "Christ" vs. "the Christ" vs. "Christ Jesus" vs. "Jesus" (2 words)
Rom 8:11 "the indwelling of the him spirit" vs. the same. (different Greek words for "the" and "spirit" (2 words)
Rom 8:11 "through the Spirit" vs. "on account of the Spirit" (NRSV margin)
Rom 8:21 "hope, that" vs. "hope, because" vs. "hope,"
Rom 8:23 "groaned, adoption" vs. "groaned"
Rom 8:24 "he hopes" vs. "he endures/awaits"
Rom 8:24 "see anyone" vs. "sees anyone why also"
Rom 8:26 "intercedes/pleads our case" vs. "intercedes/pleads our case for us" (2 words)
Rom 8:28 "work together" vs. "work together with God"
Rom 8:28 "all things work together for good" vs. "God makes all things work together for good" vs. "in all things God works for good" (approximately 3 words)
Rom 8:34 "raised" vs. "raised from death" (2 words)
Rom 8:35 "Christ" vs. "God"
Rom 8:38 "nor powers nor present nor things to come" (Alexandrinus) vs. "nor present nor things to come nor powers" (Byzantine) (2 words)
Rom 9:4 "the covenants" vs. "the covenant"
Rom 9:23 "and that he made known" vs. "and he made known"
Rom 9:28 "bring to an end" vs. "bring to an end in righteousness" (2 words)
Rom 9:28 "for the Lord will execute his sentence on the earth quickly and decisively" vs. "for he will finish his work and cut it short in righteousness because the Lord will make the sentence shortened on the earth" (approximately 13 words)
Rom 9:32 "works" vs. "works of law"
Rom 9:33 "and" vs. "and each/every"
Rom 10:1 "they for may being saved" vs. "they be for may being saved" vs. "Israel be for may be saved" (3 words)
Rom 10:5 "law, doing" vs. "law, the doing"
Rom 10:5 "things man shall live" vs. "things shall live"
Rom 10:9 "Jesus" vs. "Jesus Christ"
Rom 10:15 "feet" vs. "feet of those preaching the gospel of peace" (3 words)
Rom 10:17 "Christ" vs. "God"
Rom 11:1 "the people" vs. "the property/blessing"
Rom 11:6 "becomes grace." vs. "becomes grace. But if of works, no longer grace" vs. "no longer grace, otherwise it would no longer be work" (approximately 14 words)
Rom 11:16 "if now" vs. "now"
Rom 11:17 "rich root" vs. "richness"
Rom 11:17 "the root [of] the fatness" vs. "the root and [of] the fatness"
Rom 11:21 "not how neither" vs. "neither" vs. "not" (2 words)
Rom 11:25 "in" (different Greek words)
Rom 11:31 "these now disobeyed" vs. "these disobeyed"
Rom 11:32 "all" (pantas) masculine (Byzantine Lectionary, Syriac, Sahidic Coptic, Bohairic Coptic, Fayyumic Coptic, Gothic, Armenian, Origen (later), Chrysostom) vs. neuter (panta) (original Claromontanus, Italic, Vulgate, Irenaeus in Against Heresies 1.9.3, Ambrose)
Rom 12:11 "Lord" vs. "time" (time is only in the Latin and Origen's version, and mentioned in the NRSV footnote)
Rom 12:14 "persecuting you" vs. "persecute"
Rom 13:1 "Let all be" vs. "Let all souls be"
Rom 13:5 "it is necessary to" vs. "and" be subject to the authorities
Rom 13:9 "do not steal. "do not steal. Do not lust" (2 words)
Rom 13:11 "your" vs. "our" (1 letter difference)
Rom 13:12 "we should cast off" (different Greek word)
Rom 14:4 "Lord" vs. "God"
Rom 14:5 absent vs. "for"
Rom 14:9 "died and lived" vs. "died and rose" vs. "also died and rose and lived" (3 words)
Rom 14:10 "God" vs. "Christ"
Rom 14:12 absent vs. "to God"
Rom 14:16 "you"(plural) vs. "us"
Rom 14:19 "let us pursue" vs. "we pursue/are pursuing"
Rom 14:21 "stumbles" vs. "grieves" vs. "stumbles or be upset or weakened" (4 words)
Rom 14:22 "do you faith have?" vs. "do you faith not have?"
Rom 14:23 verses 16:25-27 here instead of after 16:24. (53 words)
Rom 15:7 "you" (plural) vs. "us"
Rom 15:19 "Spirit of God" vs. "Spirit" vs. "Holy Spirit" (2 words)
Rom 15:23 "many years" vs. "a number of years"
Rom 15:24 "Spain" (most manuscripts) vs.
"Spain, I will come to you" ((Byzantine Lectionary, syr H, some Georgian) (3 words)
Rom 15:29 "Christ" vs. "the Gospel of Christ"
Rom 15:31 "ministry" vs. "gift" vs. "bring of a gift" (2 words)
Rom 15:32 "In joy coming to you through [the] will of God" vs. "coming in joy to you through [the] will of Jesus Christ"
Rom 15:32 "I may" vs. "and I may"
Rom 15:33 "amen" is absent
Rom 16:7 the name "Junias" vs. another name
Rom 16:7 "were" vs. "have been" (2 letters)
Rom 16:15 the name "Julia". vs. "Junius"
Rom 16:20 "Jesus" vs. "Jesus Christ"
Rom 16:22 "I Tertius, the writer of this letter, greet you in the Lord" vs. absent vs. "I Tertius writing this letter in the Lord, greet you" (NRSV) (10 words)
Rom 16:24 The entire verse which says, "May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all or you. Amen." vs. absent in many Alexandrian manuscripts) (11 words)
Rom 16:25-27 all three verses are absent or moved to after Rom 14:23. (53 words) (already counted after Rom 14:23, so not counted twice)
Rom 16:27 "to whom" vs. "to him"
Rom 16:27 literally "ages" vs. "ages of ages". In other words, "forever" vs. "forever and ever." (2 words)
Some manuscripts have the postscript, "to Romans written from Corinth, by/of/through/via Phoebe servant of the Cenchrea church/assembly." (10 words)
Bibliography for this question: The Greek New Testament Third Edition by Kurt Aland et al., The Greek New Testament Fourth Edition by Kurt Aland et al., Interlinear Greek-English New Testament by George Ricker Berry, the Interlinear Bible by Jay P. Green, The Expositor's Bible Commentary volume 8, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament 2nd edition by Bruce M. Metzger, The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts edited by Philip W. Comfort and David P. Barrett, The Expositor's Greek Testament edited by W. Robertson Nicoll, and footnotes in the NASB, NIV, NKJV, and NRSV Bible translations. Manuscripts of the Greek Bible : An Introduction to Paleography by Bruce M. Metzger also has interesting information on the characteristics and quality of the copying of each manuscript.

Q: In Rom, how do the early manuscripts compare with each other?
A: The table below shows each of the places in question, and the number says which variant is in each manuscript.

Place

words

p10

p26

p27

p61

p40

p46

p94

Si

A

B

C

D

Sah

Boh

Fay

PetA

ClemA

Origen

Ital

Vg

Eth

Chrys

Byz

Arm

Geo

Polyca

Syr Pal

Syr P

Syr H


Rom 1:1

1

1

2
         
2

2

1

-

-

2

2

-
   
1/ 2

1/ 2

1/ 2

(2)

2

2

1/2

-
 
2

2

2

Rom 1:7a

2

1

1?
         
1

1

1

1

-

1

1

1
   
2/ 3

1

1

1

1

-

1

-
 
1

1

1

Rom 1:7b

2

1

1
         
1

1

1

1

-

1

1

1
   
1

1/ 2/ 3

1

1

1

-

1

-
       

Rom 1:13

2
             
1

1

1

1

2

(1)

1

-
   
1

1

1

(1)

1

1

1

1
   
(1)

1

Rom 1:15

3
 
1?
         
1

1

1

1

1

1

1

-
   
1/ 2

1

1

(1)

-

1

1

-
 
1

1

1

Rom 1:16

1
                 
2
   
2
                               

Rom 1:29

1
             
2

2

1

2

-

2

(2?)

-
   
(2)/3/4/5

3/(4)

(4)

2

1

4

4

(2)/ 4
   
(4)

4

Rom 1:31

1
             
1

1

1

2

1

1?

1

-
   
1/ 2

1

1?/2

-

2

2

2

2
   
2

2

Rom 2:2

1
             
2

1

1

2

-

1/2

2

-
   
1

1/ 2

2

3

2

1

2

-
   
(1)

1

Rom 2:16

1
             
1

2

1

-

3

2

2

-
   
(1)/2

3

1/ 3?

2

2

2

2

1/2
   
2

2

Rom 3:7

1
             
1

1

2

-

2

2

1

-
   
2

2

1?/2

2

2

2

-

-
   
2

2

Rom 3:9

3
             
1

1

1

-

2

1?

1

-
   
3/ 4

1/ 3

1

3

2

1

1

-
   
(3)

(3)

Rom 3:12

1
             
1

1

2

-

1

1

1

-
   
1

1

1

1

-

1

1

1
     
1

Rom 3:22

1
       
1
   
1

1

1

1

3

1

1

-
 
1

1/ 3

3

2/ 3

-

3

3

1

3
 
1

3

3

Rom 3:25

1
       
1?
   
2

4

1

2

2

-

-

-
   
2

3

3?

3

1

1

-

-
       

Rom 3:26

1
             
1

1

1

1

-

1

1/ 4

-
 
2

4

1/ 4/ 6

1/ 4

1

1

1

1

-
       

Rom 3:28

1
             
1

1

2

2

1

1

1

-
   
1

1/ 2

1

(1)

2

2/ 3

1

-
 
1

2

2

Rom 4:1a

1
             
1

1

2

1

3

1

(1)

-
   
1/ 3

3

3

-

4

4

1

3
 
1

(1)
 

Rom 4:1b

1
                                                         

Rom 4:11

1
             
2

2

2

1

1

1/ 2

2

-
   
1/ 2

1/ 2

1/ 2?

(1)

-

1

1

2
 
1

1

1

Rom 4:15

1
             
1

1

1

1

-

1

1

-
   
1/ 2

2

1?/2

1

-

2

1

-
   
2

2

Rom 4:19a

1
             
1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1
   
1/ 2

1/ 2

1/ 2

1

1/ 2

2

(1)

2
   
1
 

Rom 4:19b

1
             
1

1

2

1

1

2

1

-
   
1/ 2

1/ 2

1?/2

2

2

1

1

1/ 2
 
2

2
 

Rom 4:22

1
             
1

1

2A

1

2A

2A

2A

-
   
1

1/ 2A

1/ 2A?

1

-

1

2A

1
 
2A

2A

1

Rom 5:1

1
             
2

2

2

2

2

1

1

-
   
2

1/ 2

1?/2

2

2

1/ 2

2

1
       

Rom 5:2

2
             
1

2

3

1

3

3

1

-
   
1/ 3

1/ 2

1/ 2?

1

1/ 2

1

1

1
 
1

1

1

Rom 5:6

1
             
1

1

-

1?

1

3

(3)

-
   
2

4

3?/4

2

2

2

2

2
 
(3)

(2)
 

Rom 5:12

1
         
-
 
1

1

4

1

1

4

1

1
   
1/ 3

1/ 3

1

3

2

1

1
   
1

1

1/ 3

Rom 5:17

1
     
1
 
1
 
1

1

4A

1

1

4A

1

1
   
3/ 4

1/ 2

2

-

2/ 4A

1

1

-
   
2

2

Rom 6:4

1
             
1

1

1

1

1

1?

1

-
   
2/ 3

1/ 2

2

1

1

1

2

2
 
1

3

1

Rom 6:8

1
         
2
 
1

1

1

1

1

1

1

-
   
1

1/ 2

1/ 2?

1

-

1

1

1
 
1

(2)

1

Rom 6:11

1
         
1

2?

2

1

1

2

1

1

2

-
   
1/ 2/ 3

1/ 3A

1/ 2

(2)

2

2

2

1/ 2
 
(2)

(2)

1

Rom 6:12

1
           
1

1

1

1

1

-

1

1

-
   
1/ 2

1/ 2

1

1

3

3

1

3
   
1

3

Rom 6:16

1
             
1

1

1

1

2

1

2

-
   
1/ 2

1/ 2

1/ 2

1

1

1

2
   
1

2

1

Rom 7:6

1
             
3

3

3

3

3

1

1

-
   
1/ 2

1/ 2

1/ 2

1

1

1

1/2

1
 
1

1

1

Rom 7:14

1
             
3

3

3

3

3

1

1
     
1

1

1

1

1

1

1?/2?

1
   
1

1

Rom 7:18

1
             
1

1

1

1

2

1

1

-
   
2

1

1

2

2

2

1

4
   
1

1

Rom 7:20

1
             
1

1

2A

2A

2A

2A

1

-
 
1

1

2A

2A

2A

1

1

2A

2A
     
1

Rom 7:22

1
       
1
   
1

2

1

1

1

1

1

-
   
1

1/ 3
 
1

-

1

-

-
       

Rom 7:23

1
             
1

2

1

2

1

1

1

-
   
1

1

1
 
2

1/ 2

2
         

Rom 7:25

2
             
5

5

-

-

3

2

1
     
2/ 3

3/ 4
   
(5)

5

1

1/ 5
       

Rom 7:28

1
                                                         

Rom 8:1

8
             
1

2

1

-

1

1

1
     
1

1/ 2/ 3
 
(1)

2

2

1ms

1/ 2
       

Rom 8:2

1
             
1

2

1

-

2

2

3
   
2

2

1/ 2
 
3

2

2

2

1/ 2
       

Rom 8:11a

1
             
6

6

1

7

5

3

-
           
?

8

2

2
         

Rom 8:11b

2
                               
1

2

1/ 2
                   

Rom 8:11c

2
             
1

1

2

1

2

1

1
           
-

2

2

1

1
       

Rom 8:11d

1
                                                         

Rom 8:21

1
         
1
 
2

1

1

1

2
       
1

1
   
1
 
1

1
         

Rom 8:23

1
         
3?
 
1

1

1

1

3

2

2
     
1

1/ 2
 
2
 
1

2

2
       

Rom 8:24a

1
   
1?
   
1
 
3
 
1
   
2

1
   
4

2

1/ 2/ 4
   
3
 
3?
         

Rom 8:24b

1
         
1
 
2

2

1

1

1

2

2
   
1

1

1
     
1

1

1
       

Rom 8:26

2
             
1

1

1

2

1

2

2
     
(1)/2

1/ 2
 
2

2

2

1
         

Rom 8:28a

1
         
2
 
1

2

2

1

1

2

1
   
1

1

1
 
2

1

1

1

1
       

Rom 8:28b

3
                                                         

Rom 8:34

2
             
1

1

2

1

2
 
1
     
1

1/(2)/3
 
1
   
1

1
       

Rom 8:35

1
             
2
 
3

1

1

2

1
     
1/ 2/ 3

1
   
1/ 2

1

1

1
       

Rom 8:38

2
   
1 vid
   
1
 
1

1

1

3

4

1

1
     
1/ 2/(3)

(1)/2
 
1

2

2/5

1

2
       

Rom 9:4

1
             
1
 
2

1

2

2

1/ 2?
     
1

1/ 2
 
2

1

1

1

1
       

Rom 9:23

1
         
1?
 
1

1

2
 
1

2

1/ 2
     
2

1
 
1

1

1

1

1
       

Rom 9:28a

2
         
1
 
1

1

1
 
3

1

1
     
3

3
 
1

3

3

3

3
       

Rom 9:28b

13
                                                         

Rom 9:32

1
         
1?
 
1

1

1
 
2

1

1
     
1

1/ 2
 
2

2

2

2

2
       

Rom 9:33

1
             
1

1

1
 
1

1

1
     
1

1/ 2
 
1

2

2

2

2
       

Rom 10:1

3
         
1
 
1

1

1
 
1

1

1
     
2

1/ 2

2

(3)

2

3

1/2

2
       

Rom 10:5a

1
         
1
 
4

7

2
 
5

4

4
     
2

1/ 2

2
 
1

1

1
         

Rom 10:5b

1
         
1
 
3

3

5
   
3/6

3/6
     
3

1/ 2/3/5/6

3
 
2

1

6
         

Rom 10:9

1
         
2?
 
1

2

4
 
1

4

3
 
4

4

1

1/ 2

1
 
1

1

1
         

Rom 10:15

3
         
1
 
1

1

1

1

2
       
1

1

1/ 2

2

1

2

2

2

2
       

Rom 10:17

1
         
1 vid
 
1
 
1
 
1

1

1
     
1

1/ 3
       
1

2
       

Rom 11:1

1
         
3
 
1

1

1

1

1

1

1
     
1

1/ 2

1
   
1

1
         

Rom 11:6

14
         
1
 
1

1
 
1

1

1

1
     
1

1

1/ 3?

(1)

3

3

1

1/3
       

Rom 11:16

1
                                                         

Rom 11:17a

1
             
1

2

1

1

3
 
3ms

3
   
1/ 2

1/ 2/ 3

2

(4)

2

2

2

2
       

Rom 11:17b

1
                                                         

Rom 11:21

2
         
1
 
2

2

2

2

1
         
2

1

1

(1)

1

1

1

1
       

Rom 11:25

1
         
3
 
1

2

2

1

1

3

3

3
   
1

1/ 3

3
 
1

1

2
         

Rom 11:31

1
         
3A
 
1

3

1
 
1

2

1

1/2
   
3A

3A

3A

3A

3A

3A

3A

1
       

Rom 11:32

1
         
2vid
 
1

1

1
 
2

1

1

1
   
1

2

2
 
1

1
           

Rom 12:11

1
         
1
 
1

1

1
 
2

1

1

1
 
1

1/ 2

1/ 2
 
1
 
1

1
         

Fom 12:14

1
         
2
 
1

1

2
   
1

1

1
 
2

1/ 3

1/ 3

1/ 2

1

1

1

1

1
       

Rom 13:5

1
         
2
 
1

1

1
 
2
         
1

1/ 3

1

1

1

1

1

1
       

Rom 13:9

2
         
1
 
3

1

1
 
1

1

3
   
1/ 2

2/ 3/(4)

1/ 3

3

3

4/5

1/ 3

3

1
       

Rom 13:11

1
         
2vid
 
1

1

1

1

1

2

1
   
1

3

1

1

3

2
 
2

2
       

Rom 13:12

1
         
2
 
1

1

1

1

2
       
1
     
2

1

1
           

Rom 14:4

1
         
1
 
1

1

1

1

2

1

1
       
1

1
 
2

2

1

1 /2
       

Rom 14:5

1
         
2A
 
1

1

2A
 
2A

2A

1
     
2A

1

1
 
2A

2A

2A

2A
       

Rom 14:9

3
             
1

1

1

1

4

1

1
     
1/ 2

2/(4)

(1)/2

1

1/ 3

3
 
1 /2
       

Rom 14:10

1
             
1

1

1

1

1

1

1
     
1/ 2

1/ 2

1/ 2

2

2

2

1 /2

1

2
     

Rom 14:12

1
               
1

2

1

1

1

1
     
1

1/ 2

1

1

1

1

2ms

1

2
     

Rom 14:16

1
             
1

1

1

1

2

2

3ms
   
2

2

1

1/ 2
 
1

1

2
         

Rom 14:19

1
             
2

2

2

1

1

1

1
     
1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 /2
       

Rom 14:21

4
             
2

1

3

1

3

3

1
     
1

1/ 3
 
1
 
3

3

1/3
       

Rom 14:22

1
             
1

1

1

1

2

2

2
     
1

1/ 2

1?

2

2

2

2

2
       

Rom 14:23

53
         
4
 
1
 
1

1

1

1

1
     
2

1/ 2

1/ 2?

1

2

2

3

2 /3
       

Rom 15:7

1
             
1

1

2

1

2
 
1
     
1

1/ 2

1/ 2?

1

1

1

1

1
       

Rom 15:19

2
         
1
 
1

3

2
 
3

3

3
     
1/ 3

1/ 3

3

3

1

1

3

1/3
       

Rom 15:23

1
         
1
 
1

1

2

2

1
                 
1

1
           

Rom 15:24

3
         
1
 
1

1

1

1

1

1

1
     
1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1 /2
       

Rom 15:29

1
         
1
 
1

1

1

1

1

1

1
   
1

1

1

1/ 2
 
2

2

3

1 /2
       

Rom 15:31

2
         
1
 
1
 
2

1

2

1

1
     
1

1/ 2

1?/(2)
 
1

1

1

1
       

Rom 15:32a

1
         
3
 
2

1

4

1

6

1

5
     
(1)

6

5/6?

(5)

5

5

1

5
       

Rom 15:32b

1
                                                         

Rom 15:33

1
         
3
 
1

2

1

1

1

1

1
     
1

1/ 2

1/ 2?

1

1

1

1
         

Rom 16:7a

2
         
2
 
1

1

1

1

1
 
2
       
2

2?

2

1

1
           

Rom 16:7b

1
         
5
 
2

1

1

3

6

4

6?
       
3/ 4?

3
   
3

4
         

Rom 16:15

1
         
3
 
1

1

1

2

1

1

1
     
1

1

1

(1)

1

1

1

1
       

Rom 16:20

1
         
1
 
1

2

1

2

3

2

2
     
2

2/ 3

2/ 3?

2

2

2

2

2
       

Rom 16:22

10
                                                         

Rom 16:24

11
     
1A
 
1A
 
1A

1A

1A

1A

2

1A

1A
     
1A

1A/2

1A/2/3

3
 
2

3

3
       

Rom 16:25-27

53
     
1
 
4
 
1
 
1

1

1

1

1
     
1

1/ 3/ 5

1/ 3?

1

3

3

2

2
       

Rom 16:27a

1
     
1
     
1

1

3

1

1

1

1
     
3

1/ 3

1
 
2

1

2
         

Rom 16:27b

2
     
2
 
1
 
2

2

1

1

2

1

2
     
2

2

2

2

1

1

2

2
       

postscript

10
                                                         

Place

words

p10

p26

P27

p61

p40

p46

p94

Si

A

B

C

D

Sah

Boh

Fay

PetA

ClemA

Origen

Ital

Vg

Eth

Chrys

Byz

Arm

Geo

Polyc

Syr Pal

Syr P

Syr H


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