How Much Did Early Christians Refer to the New Testament Grid – July. 2020 version
People have made lots of money selling books claiming early Christianity believed in a different Bible from today. A number of people have made outrageous claims, apparently assuming that nobody really knows what early Christians believed anyway. How could you tell what books early Christians recognized as scripture, without actually asking them? You could know by observing what scriptural books they referred to when they wrote their religious letters, commentaries, and treatises. This will undercount, because they might consider some books scripture that they never happened to mention. (For example, if somebody tape-recorded most of your religious conversations, how often have you mentioned the book of Philemon?) Nevertheless, this method shows at a minimum some of what they accepted as scripture. Note that books with few pages (in English) generally refer to only a few New Testament books, as one would expect. Early Christians referred to by name and quoted from every books of the New Testament, and they never referred to any other books as possibly being in the New Testament canon, with only a few exceptions, one of which, Tatian’s Diatessaron, was a harmony of the four gospels together in Syriac used until the 5th century. There were many other books out there, of Greek philosophy, paganism, and Gnostic works, but these were considered “poisons” or at the least “foreign food” to avoid. |
Legend of the row colors |
red =persecution of Christians |
|
green =heresy |
|
orange =schism (church split) |
|
blue =Bible manuscript |
|
|
W = Books and quotes mentioned by name or by writer 4G = Mention of 4 gospels I = Implied. ex: “14 letters of Paul” J = Quoted as words of God/Jesus/Savior/Lord m = debated X = rejected
S = Referred to as scripture, gospel, or by apostle(s) E =not scripture but good to read Q = Quote of 1 or more verses ½ = quote of ½ verse A = Allusion - = no reference
Writer or Event |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
NT |
Gospels |
Mt |
Mk |
Lk |
Jn |
Ac |
Rm |
1C |
2C |
Ga |
Ep |
Pp |
Cl |
1Th |
2Th |
1T |
2T |
Tt |
Pm |
He |
Jm |
1P |
2P |
1J |
2J |
3J |
Jde |
Rev |
Positive reference to other book after Christ that could be scripture |
Writer |
Nero and Domitian persecute Christians |
|
50 and 95/96 |
Est. 500K Christians. Christians were labeled atheists and killed for refusing to worship the emperor and pagan idols. |
|
Nero and Domitian persecute Christians |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clement of Rome (wrote 1 Clement) |
16 ¼ |
96/98 |
- |
- |
J |
J |
½ |
- |
¼ |
Q |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
Q |
Q |
Q |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
Clement of Rome (wrote 1 Clement) |
Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John |
2 |
95-110 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
? |
- |
Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John |
“Presbyters” (Papias?) |
½ |
95-117 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
J |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
“Presbyters” (Papias?) |
Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version) |
13 |
c.100-117 |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
1/3 |
½ |
- |
W |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
¼ |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version) |
Trajan persecutes Christians |
|
107 |
Answered Pliny the Younger’s letter. Christians are not to be sought after, but only killed if found. |
|
Trajan persecutes Christians |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Didache (=Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) |
4 ¾ |
c.60-120 |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
¼ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
Didache (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) |
Apology of Aristides (Greek version) |
4 |
125 or138-161 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Apology of Aristides (Greek version) |
Quadratus of Athens fragment (apologist) |
1/8 |
126 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Quadratus of Athens fragment |
Epistle of Barnabas |
12 ½ |
c.70-130 |
- |
- |
Q |
½ |
Q |
A |
A |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
A |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Epistle of Barnabas |
Hadrian persecutes Christians |
|
118 & 134 |
Hadrian loved Greek culture, & he persecuted both Jews & Christians. The Jewish Bar Cochba revolt happened under him. |
|
Hadrian persecutes Christians |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bar Cochba persecutes Christians |
|
135 |
Christians persecuted in Israel because Christians would not join Bar Cochba’s revolt. |
|
Bar Cochba persecutes Christians in Israel |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
p52 (=John Rylands) John 18:31-33; 18:37-38 |
117-138 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p46 70% of Paul+Heb in 1 manuscript |
|
2 Clement (anonymous writer) |
5 ¾ |
120-140 |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
Q |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 Clement, Gospel of the Egyptians |
2 Clement (anonymous writer) |
p104, p87 Mt, Philemon (5½, 4 verses) |
100-150 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p104, p87 Mt, Philemon (5, 4 verses) |
|
p46 (=Chester Beatty II) 1,680 verses 70% Paul+Heb |
100-150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p46 70% of Paul+Heb in 1 manuscript |
|
p98 Rev 1:13-2:1 (9 verses) |
150? |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
p98 Rev 1:13-2:1 (9 verses) |
|
Polycarp disciple of John, to the Philippians |
3 ½ |
100-155 |
- |
- |
Q |
½ |
Q |
- |
Q |
Q |
Q |
½ |
¼ |
Q |
W |
- |
Q |
½ |
Q |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Polycarp to the Philippians |
Epistle to Diognetus (=Mathetes to Diognetus) |
5 ¼ |
c.130–200 |
- |
W |
A |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
¾ |
A |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Epistle to Diognetus (=Mathetes to Diognetus) |
Apostolic fathers totals: all symbols except P’s |
67.5 |
-155 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
4 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
Apostolic fathers totals: all symbols except P’s |
Shepherd of Hermas |
46 ½ |
c.115-155 |
- |
- |
¼ |
- |
Q |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
½ |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Shepherd of Hermas |
Justin Martyr, philosopher and apologist |
137 |
c.138-165 |
W |
W |
J |
J |
J |
J |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
Acts of Pontius Pilate |
Justin Martyr, philosopher & apologist |
Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp |
5 |
c.169 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp |
Marcion of Pontus, pupil of Cerdo, & his pupil Apelles |
before 170- |
Gnostics all believed the Creator was evil/foolish. Rejecting the Old Testament, they mixed Greek paganism and Christianity. |
Many |
Marcion of Pontus, pupil of Cerdo, & his pupil Apelles |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Menander then Satorninos/Saturnilus (ascetic gnostics) |
c.150-4th cen. |
Cerdo & Menander from Simon in Acts. Encratite gnostics came from Saturnilus. |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dionysius of Corinth (wrote against Marcion) |
1/3 |
170 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dionysius of Corinth |
Tatian’s Diatessaron (The Four) |
c.172 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tatian’s Diatessaron (The Four) |
|
Tatian, pupil of Justin, Encratite Gnostic later |
18+86 |
c.172 |
- |
- |
Q |
Q |
Q |
Q |
- |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
¼ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tatian, pupil of Justin, Encratite Gnostic later |
Basilides, changed from Menander 's teaching |
2.5 |
132-135-4th |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basilides, changed from Menander 's teaching |
Sethians/Borborites (libertine gnostics) |
20 |
?-4th century |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sethians/Borborites (libertine gnostics) |
Hermetic Gnostics (no mention of Christ) |
4 |
?-4th century |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hermetic Gnostics (no mention of Christ) |
Valentinians including Heracleon & Ptolemy |
23+12 |
c.150-4th cen. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valentinians including Heracleon & Ptolemy |
Other gnostics: Cainites, Carpocrates, Peretae, Cerinthus, Colorbasus, Dositheus, Monoimus, Hermogenes, Marcillinians, Marcus, Ophites, Secundus/Epiphanes |
37 |
c.150-4th century |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other gnostics: Cainites, Carpocrates, Peretae, Cerinthus, Colorbasus, Dositheus, Monoimus, Hermogenes, Marcillinians, Marcus, Ophites, Secundus/Epiphanes |
p66 (=Bodmer II) 92% of John (817 verses) |
c.125-175 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p66(=Bodmer II) p14/15, 92% of John |
|
p4, p64, p67 Lk 1:58-59,etc. Mt 26:7-8,etc. (95 verses) |
c.150-175 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p4, p64, p67 Lk 1:58-59,etc. Mt 26:7-8,etc. |
|
p90 Jn 18:36-19:7 (11 verses) |
c.175 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p90 Jn 18:36-19:7 (11 verses) |
|
Athenagoras (apologist) |
33 ½ |
177 |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Athenagoras |
Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons) |
6 ½ |
177 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
J |
½ |
¾ |
- |
A |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons) |
Persecution of Marcus Aurelius |
|
162/166-180 |
Aurelius was a Stoic philosopher. Persecution, mainly in Gaul, ended with his death. |
|
Persecution of Marcus Aurelius |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis (Quartod.) |
½ |
160-177/180 |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis (Quartod.) |
Melito/Meleto of Sardis (Quartodecimian) |
11 |
170-177/180 |
I |
- |
A |
S |
S |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
¼ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Melito/Meleto of Sardis (Quartodecimian) |
Hegesippus (chronicler) |
2 ½ |
170-180 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hegesippus (chronicler) |
Rhodon (against Marcion and Apelles) |
½ |
180 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Rhodon (against Marcion and Apelles) |
Theophilus of Antioch (to Autolycus) |
32 |
168-181/188 |
- |
W |
Q |
- |
Q |
W |
- |
Q |
Q |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Shepherd of Hermas |
Theophilus of Antioch (to Autolycus) |
Ebionites & Clementina (Law, Father, Son) |
265½+ |
-181- |
- |
- |
Q |
Q |
Q |
J |
- |
- |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Quote probably from an apocryphal gospel |
Ebionites & Clementina (OT Law, Father, Son) |
Ebionites Clementine Homilies (OT Law, Father, Son) |
123½ |
-181- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Ebionites Clementine Homilies (OT Law, Father, Son) |
Ebionite Letter of Peter to James |
2 |
-181- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Peter's Preaching |
Ebionite Letter of Peter to James |
Ebionite Letter of Clement to James |
4 ½ |
-181- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Ebionite Letter of Clement to James |
Ebionite Recognitions of Clement |
134 |
-181- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Ebionite Recognitions of Clement |
Ebionite Protoevangelium of James |
6 |
-225- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Ebionite Protoevangelium of James |
Early Christians writing about Ebionites |
|
-182-325 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Early Christians writing about Ebionites |
Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp |
284 ¾ |
182-188 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
Q |
W |
1/3 |
S |
W |
- |
A |
W |
Hermas. 1 Clement, X Gospel of Truth X others |
Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp |
Gospel of Peter (Serapion finally against it) |
2 |
180-190 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gospel of Peter (Serapion finally against it) |
Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs |
¾ |
180-202 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
P |
a |
u |
l |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs |
Maximus of Jerusalem (origin of evil) |
5 |
185-196 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Maximus of Jerusalem (origin of evil) |
Polycrates of Ephesus (Quartodecimian) |
½ |
196 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Polycrates of Ephesus (Quartodecimian) |
Non-Nag Hamadi Apocalypse of Peter (Greek) |
|
100-200 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gospel of Peter (Serapion finally against it) |
p32 (=P. Rylands 5) Titus 1:1-15; 2:3-8 (21 verses) |
150-200 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p32 (=P. Rylands 5) Titus 1:1-15; 2:3-8 (21 verses) |
|
p77 Mt 23:30-39 (10 verses) |
200 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p77 Mt 23:30-39 (10 verses) |
|
Caius and the Muratorian Canon |
3 |
190-217 |
I |
4G |
I |
I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
Wisdom of Solomon, some accept Apocalypse of Peter |
Caius and the Muratorian Canon |
Sabellian heresy (Praxeas,Noetus,Callistus) |
|
200-257- |
Sabellians believed the Father, Son, & Spirit were one person. They were called Patripassians for “passion of the Father”. |
|
Sabellian heresy (Praxeas, Noetus, Callistus) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Persecution of Septimus Severus |
|
202 |
Est 2M Christians. Although a Christian helped him in an illness, he did not repeal existing laws against Christians. |
|
Persecution of Septimus Severus |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas |
7 |
c.201/205 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas |
Romans kill first known martyrs in Britain |
|
209 |
Alban, Julius, and Aaron were formerly thought killed in 304/5 A.D. |
|
Romans kill first known martyrs in Britain |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Serapion of Antioch (against Marcion) |
1/3 |
200-210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X Gospel of Peter |
Serapion of Antioch (against Marcion) |
Minucius Felix (The Octavius) |
25 |
210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Minucius Felix (The Octavius) |
Apollonius of Ephesus (against Montanists) |
1 |
c.210 |
- |
- |
J |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Apollonius of Ephesus (Against Montanists) |
Clement of Alexandria |
424 |
193-217/220 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
W |
W |
W |
S |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
Q |
W |
¼ |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
Preaching of Peter, Hermas, Gospel of the Egyptians, Gospel of the Hebrews, Tradition of Matthias, Greek philosophers |
Clement of Alexandria |
p75 Lk 3:18-22; etc. Jn 1:1-11:45,etc. (1,166 verses) |
175-225 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p75 Lk 3:18-22; 3:33-4:2, etc. Jn 1:1-11:45,etc. |
|
p45 Gospels + Acts in 1 ms. (833 verses) |
200-225 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p45 Gospels+Acts in 1 manuscript |
|
p30 1Th 4:12-13,16-17 etc. 2Th 1:1-2 etc. (25 verses) |
ca.225 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
Tertullian (joined the Montanist Church) |
736 |
198-220 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
I |
Q |
A |
W |
- |
W |
A |
- |
W |
W |
Allude to Testament of 12 Patriarchs X Paul & Thecla |
Tertullian (joined Montanist church) |
Tertullian’s Five Books Against Marcion |
194 |
207/208 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
A |
W |
- |
- |
- |
S |
S |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
patched together Gal 3:15 & 4:3. Allude to Test. of 12 Patriarchs |
Tertullian’s Five Books Against Marcion |
Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria (heretical) |
11 ½ |
-224/232 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria (heretical) |
Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists) |
2 ¾ |
c.232 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists) |
Elchasaite Ebionites (said Jesus God’s Son) |
2 ¼ |
before 236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Elchasaite Ebionites (said Jesus God’s Son) |
Justin's Book of Baruch -Moses, Heracles, Christ |
2.5 |
188-236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Justin's Book of Baruch -Moses,Heracles,Christ |
Naaseni Gnostics & The Gospel of Thomas |
3+6 |
188-236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Naaseni Gnostics & their Gospel of Thomas |
Hippolytus, pupil of Irenaeus (undisputed) |
218 |
222-235/6 |
W |
W |
J |
W |
J |
W |
Q |
W |
S |
W |
W |
S |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
A |
½ |
- |
A |
- |
Q |
¼ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
X Gospel of the Egyptians, X Gospel of Thomas, X others |
Hippolytus, pupil of Irenaeus (undisputed works) |
Maximin Thrax persecutes Christians |
|
235-238 |
First empire-wide persecution, but only of clergy. Persecution stopped when his soldiers assassinated him. |
|
Maximin Thrax persecutes Christians |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narrative of Zosimus |
4 ½ |
before 240 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Narrative of Zosimus |
Theodotus the probable Montanist |
7 ¾ |
ca.240 |
- |
- |
J |
- |
J |
- |
- |
A |
Q |
½ |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Peter’s Preaching |
Theodotus the probable Montanist |
Instructions of Commodianus |
16 |
c.240 |
I |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
P |
a |
u |
l |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
Instructions of Commodianus |
|
Julius Africanus (undisputed writings) |
9 |
232-245 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Julius Africanus (undisputed writings) |
Heraclas of Alexandria 1st to be called a pope |
232-249 |
No Roman bishop called a pope until the Council of Arles I in 314 A.D., Next was 347 A.D.. Siricius c.384-399 was the first Roman bishop to call himself a pope. |
Heraclas of Alexandria 1st to be called a pope |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
"Revised Valentinian" Tripartite Tractate |
11 |
200-250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Revised Valentinian" Tripartite Tractate |
p13 Heb 2:14-5:5;10:8-22;10:29-11:13;etc. (114 verses) |
|
225-250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p13 Heb 2:14-5:5;10:8-22;10:29-11:13;etc. (114 verses) |
p5 Jn 1:23-31,33-40; 16:14-30;20:11-17,19-20,22-25 |
|
early 3rd cent. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p5 Jn 1:23-31,33-40; 16:14-30;20:11-17,19-20,22-25 |
p1 Mt 1:1-9,12,14-20 (17 verses) |
|
250 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p1 Mt 1:1-9,12,14-20 (17 verses) |
p29, p80, p95 Acts 26; Jn 3; Jn 5 |
|
250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p29, p80, p95 Acts 26; Jn 3; Jn 5 |
Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca |
12 ½ |
mid 3rd cent? |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca |
Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil) |
¾ |
233-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil) |
Origen (heterodox teacher) |
742 |
225-253/254 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
W |
X |
W |
m |
m |
W |
W |
Hermas (disputed), Acts of Paul inferior to John’s gospel, Test. Of 12 Patriarchs. Gospel Thomas (read elsewhere) |
Origen (heterodox teacher) |
Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus |
|
250-251 - 253 |
First Christian schism. Were Christians who sacrificed but repented eventually allowed back, or doomed forever (Novatian)? |
|
Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Novatian (his schism lasted over 200 years) |
38 ½ |
250/254-257 |
W |
W |
J |
- |
W |
W |
¾ |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
S |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Novatian (his schism lasted over 200 years) |
Treatise Against Novatian |
6 ½ |
254-256 |
- |
- |
J |
- |
J |
W |
- |
S |
Q |
- |
- |
S |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
½ |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
Q |
W |
- |
Treatise Against Novatian |
Treatise on Rebaptism |
11 |
c.250-258 |
W |
W |
Q |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X book Preaching of Paul |
Treatise on Rebaptism |
Cyprian of Carthage (against Novatian) |
250 ¾ |
c.246-258 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
A |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Cyprian of Carthage (against Novatian) |
Roman church leaders (letters 2,29,30) |
1+4 ¾ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
J |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Roman church leaders (letters 2,29,30) |
Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18) |
¾ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18) |
Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20) |
1 ¼ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20) |
Lucian to Celerinus (letter 21) |
¾ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lucian to Celerinus (letter 21) |
Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (letter 25) |
2 ½ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
J |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (letter 25) |
Cornelius to Cyprian (letters 45,47) |
1 ¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cornelius to Cyprian (letters 45,47) |
Maximus, et al. to Cyprian (letter 49) |
¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Maximus, et al. to Cyprian (letter 49) |
Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (letter 74) |
7 ¼ |
256 |
- |
- |
J |
½ |
J |
J |
- |
- |
S |
S |
W |
S |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (letter 74) |
Nemesianus, et al. to Cyprian (letter 77) |
¾ |
254-257 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nemesianus, et al. to Cyprian (letter 77) |
Lucius and the brethren to Cyprian (78) |
½ |
250-257 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lucius and the brethren to Cyprian (78) |
Felix & the rest of the martyrs to Cyprian (79) |
¼ |
250-257 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Felix & the rest of the martyrs to Cyprian (79) |
Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops) |
7 ¼ |
258 |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
J |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops) |
Pontius’ The Life and Passion of Cyprian |
7 ½ |
after 258 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pontius’ The Life and Passion of Cyprian |
Valerian persecutes Christians |
|
257-260 |
2nd most severe persecution. Tolerant at first until Macrianus influenced him. Stopped when Persian Shapur I captured him. |
|
Valerian persecutes Christians |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Theognostus of Alexandria (Origenist) |
½ |
260 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theognostus of Alexandria (Origenist) |
Gregory Thaumaturgus (undisputed works) |
28 ½ |
240-265 |
- |
- |
J |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
Gregory Thaumaturgus (undisputed works) |
Dionysius of Alexandria (Origenist) |
39 ½ |
246-265 |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
* |
- |
Dionysius of Alexandria (Origenist) |
Letter of Hymenaeus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Letter of Hymenaeus |
Dionysius of Rome (Against the Sabellians) |
1 |
259-269 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dionysius of Rome (Against the Sabellians) |
Malchion (Against Paul of Samosata) |
2 ½ |
270 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Malchion (Against Paul of Samosata) |
Aurelian Persecution |
|
270 |
At first tolerant, Aurelian died soon after he decided to persecute Christians. |
|
Aurelian Persecution |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Paul of Samosata, deposed bishop of Antioch |
|
260-272 |
Adoptionist Monarchian. i.e. the Logos entered into Jesus at baptism. |
|
Paul of Samosata, deposed bishop of Antioch |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
p37, p49/65, p53 34, 29/19, (Mt, Acts, Paul) (23 verses) |
225-275,c.260 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p37, p49/65, p53 34, 29/19, (Mt, Acts, Paul) (23 verses) |
|
Pierius of Alexandria (fragment) |
½ |
275 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pierius of Alexandria (fragment) |
Manichaean religion (Augustine left this) Manes/Mani's father was an Elchasaite |
17 |
c.276-c.500 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
S |
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manichaean religion (Augustine left this) Manes/Mani's father was an Elchasaite |
Anatolius of Alexandria (mathematician) |
7 ½ |
270-280 |
I |
- |
J |
- |
J |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Anatolius of Alexandria (mathematician) |
p106 Jn 1:29-35,40-46 (14 verses), p107, p108, p109, p111, p113, p114, p115 (3+7+6+5+3+6+119 verses) |
3rd century |
|
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P106 Jn 1:29-35,40-46 (14 verses), p107, p108, p109, p111, p113, p114, p115 |
|
p9 1 Jn 4:11-12,14-17, p35, p69, p101 (6,8,9,18 verses) |
3rd century |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p9 1 Jn 4:11-12,14-17, p35, p69, p101 (6,8,9,18 verses) |
|
p20 Jms2:19-3:9, p27/p40 Rom1:24- (17, 30, 29 verses) |
3rd century |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p20 Jms2:19-3:9, p27/p40 Rom1:24- (17, 30, 29 verses) |
|
p47 (=Chester Beatty III) 31% of Rev.Rev9:10-11:3, etc. |
c.250-300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
p47 (= Chester Beatty III) 31% of Rev. |
|
p28 Jn 6:8-12,17-22 (11 verses) |
late 3rd cent. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p28 Jn 6:8-12,17-22 (11 verses) |
|
p70 Mt 2:13-16;2:22-3:1;11:26-27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15 |
late 3rd cent. |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p70 Mt 2:13-16;2:22-3:1;11:26-27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15 |
|
p15/p16 1 Cor 7:18-8:4; Php 3:10-17; 4:2-8 (42 verses) |
late 3rd cent. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p15/p16 1 Cor 7:18-8:4; Php 3:10-17; 4:2-8 (42 verses) |
|
p17 Hebrews 9:12-19 (8 verses) |
late 3rd cent. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p17 Hebrews 9:12-19 (8 verses) |
|
Theonas of Alexandria ( Letter to Lucianus) |
3 |
282-300 |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theonas of Alexandria (bishop for 18 years) |
p12 Heb 1:1 (1 verse) |
285-300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p12 Heb 1:1 (1 verse) |
|
King Tiridates III of Armenia |
>287-300 |
At first persecuted Christians, then became one through Gregory the Illuminator |
|
King Tiridates III of Armenia |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
p18 Rev 1:4-7 (4 verses) |
300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
p18 Rev 1:4-7 (4 verses) |
|
p78 Jude 4-5,7-8 (4 verses) |
300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
p78 Jude 4-5,7-8 (4 verses) |
|
p24 Rev 5:5-8; 6:5-8 (8 verses) |
ca.300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
p24 Rev 5:5-8; 6:5-8 (8 verses) |
|
p38, 0162, 0171, 0220, 0232 (13, 12, 30, 6, 9 verses) |
ca.300 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
p38,0162,0171,0220,0232 13,12,30,6,9 verses |
|
p72 all of 1 Peter, 2 Peter, Jude (191 verses) |
ca.300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Nativity of Mary, 3 Corinthians, eleventh Ode of Solomon, Melito’s Pascha, fragment of a hymn, Apology of Phileas, Ps 33,34. |
p72 1 Pet 1:1-5:14; 2 Pet; Jude 1-25 (191 verses) |
|
Adamantius Dialog on the True Faith |
42 |
c.300 |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
S |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Adamantius Dialog on the True Faith |
Marcionite Megethius disputing Adamantius |
c.2 |
c.300 |
- |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
- |
Accepted Paul’s letters |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Marcionite Megethius disputing Adamantius |
||||||||
Marcionite Marcus disputing Adamantius |
c.2 |
c.300 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Marcionite Marcus disputing Adamantius |
Bardasene Marinus disputing Adamantius |
c.2 |
c.300 |
I |
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bardasene Marinus disputing Adamantius |
Valentinian Doserius disputing Adamantius |
c.2 |
c.300 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Valentinian Doserius disputing Adamantius |
Sinaitic Old Syriac (Syr S) Mt 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4, 12:6-25, 12:29-16:15, 18:11-20:24, 21:20-25:15, 25:17-20, 25:25-26, 25:32-28:7, Mk 1:12-44, 2:21-4:17, 5:1-26, 6:5-16:8 (no ending), Lk 1:36-5:28, 6:12-24:52, Jn 1:25-47, 2:16-4:37, 5:6-25, 5:46-18:31, 19:40-end). |
3/4th century |
- |
|
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Sinaitic Old Syriac (Syr S) (most of the 4 gospels) |
|
Alexander of Lycopolis Of the Manichaeans |
12 |
301 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Lycopolis (ex-Manichaean) |
Arnobius Against the Heathen (undisputed) |
126 ½ |
297-303 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arnobius Against the Heathen (undisputed) |
Victorinus of Petau, Austria -OT commentator |
18 ½ |
martyred 304 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Victorinus of Petau, Austria (OT commentator) |
Most severe persecution by Diocletian |
284, 303-305 |
Est. 5M Christians. Most severe Roman persecution. Destroyed churches & scriptures. Killed Christians for not sacrificing. |
|
Most severe persecution was by Diocletian |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Council of Elvira (21 undisputed canons) |
c.1 |
306/307 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Elvira (21 undisputed canons) |
Phileas of Thmuis/Tmai, Egyptian Delta |
2 ½ |
beheaded 307 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Phileas of Thmuis/Tmai, Egyptian Delta |
Pamphilus disciple of Pierius (Origenist) |
2 ¾ |
martyred 309 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pamphilus disciple of Pierius (Origenist) |
Peter of Alexandria (undisputed) |
8 ½ |
306,285-311 |
- |
- |
J |
- |
- |
W |
½ |
½ |
- |
A |
- |
Q |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Peter of Alexandria (against Origen & Meletius) |
Creed of Lucian of Antioch |
¼ |
c.300-311 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Creed of Lucian of Antioch |
Hesychius [Egypt],Pachomius,Phileas,Theodorus |
1 |
Martyred m11 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hesychius [Egypt],Pachomius,Phileas,Theodorus |
Donatus Magnus (Donatists) in North Africa |
|
311-411-533 |
Refused to accept those who had ever surrendered their scriptures to authorities |
Donatus Magnus (Donatists) in North Africa |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Methodius (corrected Origen’s followers) |
79 ½ |
270-311/312 |
I |
W |
J |
½ |
Q |
Q |
- |
W |
W |
S |
W |
W |
½ |
W |
W |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Methodius (corrected Origen’s followers) |
Council of Ancyra (about 12 bishops) |
3 1/3 |
314 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Ancyra (about 12 bishops) |
Council of Arles I, France. All celebrate Easter on the same day. Ex-communicated Donatists. First mention of a pope in Rome. |
0.33 |
Aug. 314 |
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|
|
Council of Arles I, France. All celebrate Easter on the same day. Ex-communicated Donatists. First mention of a pope in Rome. |
Council of Neocaesarea (Basil and others) |
1 1/3 |
c.315 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Neocaesarea (Basil and others) |
Theophilus’ Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon |
5 ½ |
events c.315 |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theophilus’ Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon |
Athanasius Against the Heathen & Incarnation |
56 |
318 |
- |
W |
J |
J |
J |
J |
Q |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
J |
- |
J |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Shepherd of Hermas (edifying) |
Athanasius Against the Heathen & Incarnation |
Licinius tyrannizes Christians in the east Rom. Empire |
315-323 |
Persecution caused by politics, due to Christian support of his foe, Constantine |
|
Licinius tyrannizes Christians in the east Rom. Empire |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lactantius, tutor of Constantine’s son |
305 ½ |
c.303-c.325 |
W |
- |
A |
A |
Q |
W |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
A |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Lactantius, tutor of Constantine’s son |
Alexander of Alexandria -Origenist,undisputed |
11 ½ |
313-326 |
W |
W |
J |
- |
J |
W |
- |
W |
W |
S |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Alexandria -Origenist,undisputed |
Eusebius of Caesarea |
1000 |
318-325 |
|
|
|
|
|
Q |
|
Q |
|
|
|
Q |
|
Q |
Q |
|
|
|
|
|
Q |
Q |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eusebius of Caesarea |
Arian heresy spreads, starting in Alexandria |
|
c.318-523 |
Arians believed that Jesus was God, but not the same substance as the Father, and there was a time when Jesus was not. |
|
Arial heresy spreads, starting in Alexandria |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Constantine makes Christianity the official religion |
324 |
Non-violently closed pagan temples so subjects would attend churches instead. Except that he executed the priests at Apollo's temple in Dydima in Asia Minor because they had told Diocletian to persecute Christians. |
|
Constantine makes Christianity the official religion |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Christian writer totals: all symbols except P’s |
4304 ¼ |
up to 325 |
21 |
22 |
46 |
25 |
31 |
31 |
25 |
26 |
29 |
21 |
18 |
25 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
9 |
21 |
10 |
11 |
3 |
17 |
11 |
17 |
9-1 |
18 |
8 |
1 |
6 |
19 |
+ = 6; disputed = 3; X = 6 |
Christian writer totals: all symbols except P’s |
Council of Nicea (vs. Arians (c.318 bishops) |
3 |
325 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Nicea condemns Arianism |
In Persia, Shapur II persecutes Christians |
315-323 |
Persecution started once Christianity became the official Roman religion. Smaller Christian countries allied with Rome. |
|
In Persia, Shapur II persecutes Christians |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs |
325 |
In retalitation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill eveyrone in al-Hera |
|
Persian Shapur II attacks Lakhmid Arabs |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Juvencus (wrote a commentary:The Gospels) |
|
329 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Juvencus (wrote a commentary: The Gospels) |
Eustathius of Antioch (against Origen) |
< 1/4 |
323-337 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eustathius of Antioch (against Origen) |
Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea) |
c.404 |
318-339/340 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
½ |
W |
W |
X |
W |
½ |
½ |
½ |
X |
X Shepherd of Hermas |
Eusebius of Caesarea (present at Nicea) |
Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops) |
3 ½ |
341 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis |
Mild Arian Creed of Antioch |
1 |
c.341-344 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mild Arian Creed of Antioch |
Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline) |
5 |
343/344 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline) |
Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations |
67 ¼ |
337-345 |
- |
- |
J |
J |
J |
J |
A |
S |
W |
S |
S |
S |
A |
A |
S |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 Corinthians |
Aphrahat the Syrian, Select Demonstrations |
The Macrostich Creed |
2 |
344/345 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
The Macrostich Creed |
Formicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions |
|
348 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Formicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions |
A Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
1 |
c.350 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
Vaticanus manuscript (B) |
|
325-350 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Vaticanus manuscript (B) |
Sinaiticus manuscript (Aleph) |
|
340-350 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Epistle of Barnabas, Hermas |
Sinaiticus manuscript (Aleph) |
|
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|
Hegemonius translating Archelaus Disputation with Manes |
58 ¾ |
3rd century |
W |
W |
W |
J |
J |
Q |
S |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Q |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hegemonius translating Archelaus Disputation with Manes |
Amon |
|
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|
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|
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|
Cyrillones, Syriac poet Six Hymns |
|
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|
|
1st Council of Sirmium (Greek creed) |
1 ½ |
351 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Sirmium (Greek creed) |
Ammonas (a founder of monasticism) |
|
340-348/56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ammonas (a founder of monasticism) |
Theodore of Heraclea |
|
355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
Theodore or Heraclea |
Council of Arminium, Nicene/Arian compromise |
½ |
355 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Arminium, Nicene/Arian compromise |
Synod of Seleucia in Isauria |
1/5 |
357/358 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Synod of Seleucia in Isauria |
Eusebius of Emesa. Astronomer, math. bishop |
|
c.359/360 |
|
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|
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|
|
Eusebius of Emesa. Astronomer, math. bishop |
Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal |
|
c.350-360 |
|
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|
Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal |
Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
|
337-353-361 |
Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding. |
|
Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace |
½ |
356-361 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arian Creed of Nica (in Theodoret’s History) |
Life of Antony (possibly by Athanasius) |
26.5 |
355 |
|
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|
|
Life of Antony (possibly by Athanasius) |
Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius |
c.4 |
359-362 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius |
Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial) |
c.8 |
359-362 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial) |
Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia |
|
late 4th cent. |
|
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|
Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia |
Victorinus of Rome |
|
after 363 |
|
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|
|
- |
Q |
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Victorinus of Rome |
Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
230 |
355-367/368 |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
J |
W |
W |
W |
S |
S |
W |
S |
S |
- |
S |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza |
|
361-363 |
Emperor Julian the Apostate reigns for 18 months and shows some toleration, yet permits pagans to persecute Christians. |
|
Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eusebius of Vercelli |
|
died 370/371 |
|
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|
|
Eusebius of Vercelli |
Athanasius of Alexandria (partial) |
426 |
367 (325-373) |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Hermas, Didache, X no others |
Athanasius of Alexandria (partial) |
Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae |
2 |
350-370/or 5th |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae |
Cheltenham Canon (=Mommsen Catalogue) |
|
ca.360-370 |
I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
? |
W |
? |
? |
- |
W |
|
Cheltenham Canon (-Mommsen Catalogue) |
Marcellus of Ancyra (Mt, etc.) |
|
c.374 |
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Marcellus of Ancyra (Mt, etc.) |
Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) |
|
364-375 |
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Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) |
Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial) |
162 |
350-378 |
I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
Diatessaron, 3 Corinthians |
Ephraim, Syrian hymn-writer, commentator |
Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial) |
326 |
357-378/379 |
W |
W |
J |
J |
J |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
- |
Q |
|
|
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Basil of Cappadocia (unafraid of Arian Emperor) |
Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) |
4 ½ |
343-381, 363 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) |
Arian Roman Valens kills C’s in east |
|
370 |
Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism, but never gained his favor |
|
Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths |
|
369-376 |
Athanaric first persecuted all Orthodox & Arians, but after converting to Arianism persecuted only Orthodox Christians. |
|
Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Council of Gangra (vs. Eustastius of Sabaste) |
1 1/3 |
345-381 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Gangra (vs. Eustastius of Sabaste) |
First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
3 ¾ |
381-382 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
Ambrosiaster |
|
c.384 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U |
|
|
Q |
Q |
|
Q |
|
W |
A |
S |
|
|
|
Damasus I of Rome (against Nica Creed) |
2 |
c.386-389/384 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Damasus I of Rome (in Theodoret’s History) |
Priscillian Heresy |
|
c.385 |
|
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U |
|
U |
|
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|
U |
|
Priscillian Heresy |
Macedonian and Priscillian Heresies |
|
c.383, 385 |
Macedonians denied person of the Holy Spirit. Priscillian denied divinity of Christ and was executed in 385 A.D.. |
|
Macedonian and Priscillian Heresies |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem) |
154 |
c.349-386 |
W |
W |
W |
I |
S |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
I |
W |
I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
I |
W |
W |
W |
I |
W |
I |
I |
W |
X |
X Gospel of Thomas |
Cyril of Jerusalem (fed poor from church funds) |
Eunomius of Cyzicus (extreme Arian) |
c.8 |
c.360-383/394 |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
W |
Q |
S |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Eunomius of Cyzicus (extreme Arian) |
Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism) |
446 ¼ |
370-390 |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
- |
W |
- |
W |
A |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism) |
Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul) |
|
390 A.D. |
|
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W |
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|
The Donatist Tyconius, Augustine’s opponent |
|
after 390 A.D. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U |
|
|
|
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|
|
The Donatist Tyconius, Augustine’s opponent |
Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constantinople) |
275 |
330-391 |
W |
W |
S |
½ |
A |
¼ |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
A |
Q |
- |
½ |
W |
½ |
- |
Q |
A |
½ |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.) |
Pacian of Barcelona |
c.23 |
342-379/392 |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
J |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Q |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pacian of Barcelona |
Gregory of Elvira |
|
after 392 |
|
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W |
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|
Gregory of Elvira |
Amphilochius Iambi ad Seleucum |
|
before 394 |
|
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
? |
W |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
- |
|
Amphilochius Iambi ad Seleucum |
Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius |
1 |
394 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius |
Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist) |
495 |
c.356-397 |
I |
W |
W |
J |
J |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
W |
S |
W |
- |
W |
- |
½ |
- |
W |
I |
I |
- |
A |
- |
Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist) |
Didymus the Blind (Origenist) |
|
398 |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
S |
A |
W |
W |
¼ |
W |
Q |
S |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
X |
- |
- |
Didymus the Blind (Origenist) |
Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia) |
|
361-c.399 |
Orthodox beliefs, except would never accept back repentant Arian/Semi-Arian clergy |
|
Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari, Sardinia) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Firmicus Maternus Error of Pagan Religions |
|
4th century |
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- |
Q |
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|
|
Firmicus Maternus Error of Pagan Religions |
|
Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum) |
c.189 |
350-400 |
W |
- |
J |
J |
J |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
W |
W |
½ |
Q |
W |
W |
½ |
- |
S |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
Didache, Gospel of Philip, Clement of Alexandria’s Stromata |
Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum) |
|
Manichaean Faustus of Milevis |
|
383-400 |
W |
|
W |
|
W |
Q |
|
|
W |
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
W |
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
Manichaean Faustus of Milevis |
Syrian Catalogue of St. Catherine’s |
|
ca.400 |
|
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Syrian Catalogue of St. Catherine’s |
Old Syriac |
|
c.400 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Old Syriac |
Maximus of Turin |
|
4th/5th cent. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies) |
|
360-403 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
I |
W |
W |
I |
I |
I |
I |
W |
W |
I |
I |
I |
W |
W |
I |
I |
I |
I |
W |
W |
- |
Epiphanius of Salamis (ex-Jew) |
Pope Innocent I of Rome |
|
ca.405 |
W |
4G |
|
|
|
|
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
|
Pope Innocent I of Rome |
Rufinus, translator in trouble |
469 |
374-406 |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
S |
W |
A |
I |
I |
W |
I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Rufinus, translator in trouble |
Rufinus’ Commentary on the Apostles Creed |
21 |
374-406 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Hermas, Didache, Judgment of Peter |
Rufinus’ Commentary on the Apostles Creed |
Gaudentius of Brescia |
|
After 406 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gaudentius of Brescia |
John Chrysostom (partial) |
~3000 |
-407 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
Q |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
A |
|
John Chrysostom (partial) |
Chromatius |
|
407 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q |
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
U |
|
|
|
|
|
Chromatius |
Severian |
|
After 408 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q |
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
Severian |
Asterius of Amasea |
|
c.410 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q |
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asterius of Amasea |
Niceta of Remesianus |
c.63 |
366-c.415 |
|
|
J |
|
Q |
J |
|
|
|
W |
W |
S |
S |
- |
S |
|
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Q |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Niceta of Remesianus |
Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian) |
c.20 |
414-418 |
- |
W |
Q |
J |
Q |
Q |
A |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian) |
Council of Carthage (218 bishops) |
39 |
393-419 |
W |
4G |
I |
I |
I |
I |
W |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
X says nothing else |
Council of Carthage (218 bishops) |
Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin) |
116 ½ |
363-420 |
- |
W |
Q |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin) |
Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial) |
~500 |
373-420 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial) |
Freer Gospels (Washingtonensis) (W) |
|
300-450 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Freer Gospels (Washingtonensis) (W) |
Pelagius (Pelagian heresy man born neutral) |
? |
c.390 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
½ |
|
|
|
U |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pelagius (Pelagian heresy man born neutral) |
Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History |
89 |
370/380-425 |
- |
W |
S |
- |
S |
S |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History |
Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian heretic) |
c.94 |
392-423/429 |
W |
W |
J |
J |
J |
J |
W |
W |
W |
W |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
W |
W |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
- |
- |
Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian heretic) |
Augustine of Hippo (pupil of Ambrose) |
~4500 |
388-8/28/430 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
Augustine of Hippo (pupil of Ambrose) |
John Cassian (Semi-Pelagian) |
422 ½ |
419-430 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
S |
W |
A |
W |
- |
- |
S |
W |
- |
John Cassian (Semi-Pelagian) |
Council of Ephesus vs. Nestorians (200 bish.) |
20 |
Jun-Sep 431 |
- |
- |
J |
- |
- |
W |
Q |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Ephesus vs. Nestorians (200 b) |
Nilus |
|
c.430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nilus |
Marcus of Eremita |
|
after 430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Q |
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Q |
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Marcus of Eremita |
Philip of Side, Pamphylia (historian) |
|
405-after 431 |
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W |
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Philip of Side, Pamphylia (historian) |
Vincent of Lerins |
26 |
c.434 |
W |
W |
J |
- |
- |
A |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Vincent of Lerins |
Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters) |
|
c.435 |
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Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters) |
Acacius of Melitene |
|
c.438 |
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Q |
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Acacius of Melitene |
Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History |
178 |
c.400-439 |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
A |
W |
S |
- |
W |
S |
- |
W |
Q |
S |
- |
W |
S |
S |
- |
A |
W |
- |
- |
- |
1 extra-Biblical phrase of Jesus |
Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History |
Syriac Peshitta (Mt - 2 Pet) |
|
443- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Syriac Peshitta (Mt - 2 Pet) |
Cyril of Alexandria |
|
444 A.D. |
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Q |
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Cyril of Alexandria |
Persians fight Armenians and Georgians |
|
449 |
Armenians and Georgians revolt after Yazdirg II tries to impose Zoroastrianism. |
|
Persians fight Armenians and Georgians |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ephraemi Rescriptus [C] manuscript |
|
375 or400-450 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Ephraemi Rescriptus [C] manuscript |
Nestorius (council & Bazaar of Heracleides) |
c.128 |
451/452 |
- |
½ |
½ |
W |
- |
Q |
W |
- |
Q |
- |
Q |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nestorius (council & Bazaar of Heracleides) |
Victor of Antioch |
|
425-450 |
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W |
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Victor of Antioch |
Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only) |
179 |
c.433-c.450 |
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W |
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W |
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Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only) |
Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections |
? |
ca.450 |
|
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U |
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U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
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U |
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|
|
Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections |
Alexandrinus (Mt 25:7-Rev with gaps |
|
c.450 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
1 Clement, 2 Clement |
Alexandrinus manuscript (A) |
Oecumenius of Isauria |
|
5th century |
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Oecumenius of Isauria |
Speculum |
|
5th century |
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Q |
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Speculum |
Theodotus of Ancyra |
|
5th century |
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Q |
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Theodotus of Ancyra |
Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites |
18 |
451 |
W |
- |
W |
- |
Q |
Q |
W |
W |
S |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites |
Quodvultdeus |
|
c.453 A.D. |
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Q |
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Q |
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U |
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Quodvultdeus |
Julian of Eclanum |
|
c.454 |
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Julian of Eclanum |
Eucharius, Instructiones |
|
ca.424-455 |
|
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W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
|
Eucharius, Instructiones |
Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop and historian) |
320 |
423-458 |
W |
- |
W |
J |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
~Hermas |
Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop and historian) |
Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia |
|
420-460 |
Bishop Abdas burned a Zoroastrian temple. After he refused to rebuild it with his own money, Christian churches burned. |
|
Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish) |
15 |
420-461 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
A |
S |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
¾ |
- |
Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish) |
Pope Leo I of Rome (turned back Attila) |
204 |
440-461 |
W |
W |
W |
S |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
W |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
¼ |
W |
S |
S |
- |
½ |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
Pope Leo I of Rome (against Monophysites) |
Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) –partial |
c.12 |
426-465 |
- |
- |
S |
- |
J |
J |
W |
A |
¼ |
- |
W |
S |
S |
S |
- |
½ |
- |
W |
W |
- |
½ |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Prosper of Aquitaine (Augustinian) |
Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians |
|
c.472 |
Christian missionary Azqir among those killed. |
|
Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Varimadum |
|
445/480 A.D. |
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Q |
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Q |
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U |
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Varimadum |
What has been called the Athanasian Creed |
1 |
447/484 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
What has been called the Athanasian Creed |
Vigilius |
|
484 |
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Q |
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U |
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Vigilius |
Arians persecute Christians in Algeria |
|
484 |
Arian Visigoth Hunneric persecutes Orthodox Christians in Tipasa, Algeria. |
|
Arians persecute Christians in Algeria |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Procus |
1 |
412-485 |
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Q |
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Proclus |
Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men |
40 |
480-495 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W* |
W* |
W |
W |
X 5 Forged books said by Peter |
Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men |
Codex Claromontanus (D) |
533 |
400-500 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Codex Claromontanus (D) |
Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Uncial 05) |
|
450-550 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Uncial 05) |
Philoxenian Syriac (SyrPh) |
|
507/508 |
|
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W |
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W |
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|
- |
Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Uncial 05) |
Jacob of Serug/Sarug (Mar Jacob) (partial) |
9 |
519-521 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Jacob of Serug/Sarub (Mar Jacob) (partial) |
Arians persecute Church in North Africa |
|
499-523 |
Arian Visigoth King Thrasimund persecutes Orthodox in Carthage and North Africa until his death. |
|
Arians persecute Christians in North Africa |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dhu Nuwas persecutes Church in Yemen |
|
523-524 |
Jewish Yemeni king Yusuf As’ar Dhu Nuwas persecuted Christians in Yemen & Najran because Byzantines persecuted Jews. |
|
Dhu Nuwas persecutes Christians in Yemen |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benedict of Nursia Rule of St. Benedict |
|
ca.480-540 |
|
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Caesarius of Arles |
|
469/470-542 |
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|
Junulius, Institute Regularia Divinae Legis |
|
ca.551 |
|
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
|
Junulius, institute Regularia Divinae Legis |
Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) condemns Nestorius, Origen & admirers |
13 |
May 553 |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Constantinople II (c,153 present) condemns Nestorius, Origen & admirers |
Vigilius’ letter to Constantinople II Council |
2 |
553 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Vigilius’ letter to Constantinople II Council |
Gildas |
|
c.570 |
|
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Q |
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|
Gildas |
Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts |
|
527-568, 572 |
Copts are Monophysites. Monophysites taught Jesus’ humanity and divinity are combined like a teaspoon of tea in the ocean. |
|
Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
M. Aurelius Cassiodorus |
|
551-562,c.580 |
|
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
? |
- |
? |
W |
|
Cassiodorus |
Evagrius Scholasticus, church historian |
|
593 |
|
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|
|
Evagrius Scholasticus, church historian |
Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial) |
239 ½ |
590-605 |
- |
- |
J |
J |
J |
J |
Q |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
S |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial) |
Isidore of Seville |
|
ca.600 |
|
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
|
Isidore of Seville |
Venantius’ Poem on Easter |
1 ½ |
Lived 530-609 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Venantius’ Poem on Easter |
John of Damascus |
100½ |
706-749 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Canons of the apostles by Clement |
John of Damascus |
Waldenses, Scholastics, Mystics, Wycliffe, Medieval Catholic and Orthodox churches |
- |
c.1000-1526 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Waldenses, Scholastics, Mystics, Wycliffe, Medieval Catholic and Orthodox churches |
Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer |
- |
1454-1531 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
X |
- |
Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer |
Martin Luther, or conservative Lutherans |
- |
1483-1546 |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
* |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Martin Luther (founder of Lutheranism) |
Mormonism (Latter Day Saints) Salt Lake |
- |
1830- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Book of Mormon, Pearl of Great Price, Doctrines and Covenants. The living Mormon prophet has the greatest say |
Mormonism (Latter Day Saints) Salt Lake |
Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower) |
- |
|
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
The Watchtower is a prophet |
Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower) |
Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian |
- |
19th century - |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
- |
?, Gospel of Thomas? Q? |
Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian |
Rev. Moon’s Divine Principle (Unification Church) |
|
|
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
The Divine Principle. Other teachings by Rev. Moon |
Rev. Moon’s Divine Principle (Unification Church) |
Hussites, Conservative Protestant, Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, Coptic churches |
- |
c.1000- |
W |
4G |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Hussite, Conservative Protestant, Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, Coptic |
Writer or Event |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
NT |
Gospels |
Mt |
Mk |
Lk |
Jn |
Ac |
Rm |
1C |
2C |
Ga |
Ep |
Pp |
Cl |
1Th |
2Th |
1Tm |
2Tm |
Tt |
Pm |
He |
Jm |
1P |
2P |
1J |
2J |
3J |
Jude |
Rev |
Positive reference to other books after Christ that could be scripture |
Writer |
www.Biblequery.org/Bible/BibleCanon/EarlyChristianNTGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/Bible/bibleCanon/EarlyChristianNTGridReferences.html
Note that the Ebionite writings quoted or alluded to the four gospels, 1 and 2 Corinthians. This does not mean they accepted the New Testament, but rather they might have just “borrowed” some of the teaching of the New Testament.
So how accurate does the previous chart reflect what each writer believed was scripture? We can do two validation tests.
First, we can compare one of Tertullian’s works, Five Books Against Marcion (194 pages) with the rest of his preserved works (741) pages. Counting an allusion as 15%, a quote as 25%, a reference to the apostles, etc. as 50% and a reference to Christ, God, Savior 75%, Five Books Against Marcion only picked up 21 books, verses 24.8 books in the rest of Tertullian.
Second, we can compare Rufinus’ 469 pages, with a 21-page commentary where he spells out clearly what He believes Scripture is (identical to the Christian New Testament today). The 469 pages only picked up 13.8 books out of 27 we know for certain that he accepted.
The second example shows that we will be more accurate to count any allusion or higher as showing they accepted the book as scripture. If we recomputed the numbers, we get:
Work |
original method |
Ratio |
new method |
Ratio |
Tertullian’s Five Books against Marcion |
21 |
|
26 |
|
Rest of Tertullian |
24.8 |
85% |
29 |
89% |
Rufinus’ Works |
13.8 |
|
17 |
|
Rufinus Listing for us the Canon |
27 |
51% |
27 |
63% |
So while the preceding chart is accurately for showing some of what they accepted as scripture, it somewhat underestimates all the New Testament books they accepted as scripture.
The New Testament of the Ethiopic church is identical to other Christians with the addition of 8 books of canons collectively called the Sinodos.
by Steven M. Morrison, PhD.