`Nicea to Ephesus Teaching on Apologetic and Polemic Evangelism – June 2018 version
APOLOGETICS AND EVANGELISM |
POLEMIC EVANGELISTIC METHODS |
Legend for Cells |
a1. Answering questions of others Mk 10:17-21; Lk 12:14-17 |
h1. Debate and argument in witnessing Acts 18:28 |
W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching |
a2. Using questions Mk 12:35-37; Lk 6:33-34,38,41,42,46 |
h2. Do no throw pearls before swine Mt 7:6 |
I = Implied this is true or opposite is false |
a3. Showing misconceptions/contradictions Gal 2:14 |
h3. Call other beliefs delusion/madness 2 Th 2:11 |
N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed |
a4. Ps 110 refers to Christ Mt 22:44; Acts 1:34-35 |
h4. Apologetic use of Plato’s Timaeus - |
m = Mixed: some agree, others did not |
a5. Nature witnesses to God Ps 19; Rom 1:18-20 |
h5. Apologetic use of Jupiter’s tomb ~Tt1:12 |
P = partial, |
a6. Appeal to science - |
h6. Pointing out adulteries of Greek gods - |
|
a7. First Cause (cosmological arg.) (partial) Isa 43:10- |
h7. Humor in witnessing Acts 26:29 |
- = no reference found (so far) |
a8. Only one is supreme Isa 40:13,14,25 |
h8. Harsh rebuke in witnessing Mt 23:33; Gal 1:6-9 |
X = Disagree |
a9. Appeal to historians Josh 10:13; 2 Sam 1:18 |
h9. Calling people names. Mt 23:25,33; Lk3:7; Jn8:55 |
blank = not researched yet |
a10. Morality vs. evil in other religions Lev 20:2-5 |
h10. Ridicule and sarcasm in witnessing 1 Ki 18:27 |
Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s |
Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Catholics persecute, brown=other Christians persecute
Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
a1 |
a2 |
a3 |
a4 |
a5 |
a6 |
a7 |
a8 |
a9 |
a10 |
h1 |
h2 |
h3 |
h4 |
h5 |
h6 |
h7 |
h8 |
h9 |
h10 |
Council of Nicea I vs. Arians (c.318 bishops) |
3 |
May-Jun 325 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
P |
- |
- |
Persian king Shapur II persecutes Christians |
315,325-381 |
Persian Christians double-taxed after Constantine became a Christian. Violent persecution after 325. In Mesopotamia alone 1,150 Christians killed. |
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Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs |
325 |
In retaliation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill everyone in al-Hera. |
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Private Creed of Arius (for Constantine to restore him) |
0.1 |
328 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Juvencus (wrote an epic poem: The Gospels) |
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329 |
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- |
- |
- |
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W |
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- |
- |
- |
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W |
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Eustathius of Antioch (against Origen) |
< 1/4 |
323-337 |
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Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea) |
c.404 |
318-339/340 |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Marcellus of Ancyra (Trinity only for a time) |
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c.336 & 340 |
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Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops) |
3 ½ |
summer 341 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
Asterius the Sophist (Arian) |
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-c.341 |
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Mild Arian Creed of Antioch |
1 |
c.341/344 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline) |
5 |
343/344 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
P |
- |
Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations |
67 ¼ |
337-345 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
The Macrostich Creed |
2 |
344/345 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
Firmicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions. God rewards persecuting pagans |
26 |
346/348 |
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A Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
1 |
315-350 |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
pseudo-Clement Two Epistles on Virginity. 1 & 2 |
5¾ + 5 |
3rd century |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mandaean writings (said Jesus a false prophet) |
3.5 |
>350? |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Vaticanus (B) Most OT, all NT to Heb 9:15. 6,979 verses |
325-350 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
I |
W |
W |
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Sinaiticus (Aleph) Almost all of NT ½ of OT |
340-350 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
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W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
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p25 Mt 18:32-34; 19:1-3,5-7,9f (8.5 verses) |
350 |
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p62 Mt 11:25-30 (6 verses) |
350 |
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- |
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p86 Mt 5; p88 Mk 2; p89 Heb 6 |
350 |
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- |
- |
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p120 Jn 1; p123 1 Cor 14-15 |
350 |
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p126 Heb 13:12-13:19-20 |
350 |
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- |
- |
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p8, p10, p62, & p71 (29, 7, 6, & 4 verses) |
4th century |
W |
2W |
- |
- |
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058, 0169, 0185, 1088, 0242 |
4th century |
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- |
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Vercelli (Latin a) Mt 1:1-25:1; 25:13-end; Mk 1:1-21;1:35-15:14; Lk 1:1-11:11; 11:27-12:36; 13:1-end |
4th century |
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Amon of Adrianople (martyr) |
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4th century |
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Apostolic Canons |
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4th century |
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Cyrillones, Syriac poet Six Hymns |
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4th century |
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Faustus of Milevis/Milevum (Manichaean) |
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4th century |
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Hegemonius of Sirmium Acts of Archelaus (Disputation with Manes) |
58.75 |
4th century |
- |
W |
W |
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- |
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W |
- |
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- |
- |
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W |
W |
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Philo of Carpasia, Cyprus |
0.5 |
4th century |
- |
- |
- |
P |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1st Council of Sirmium (Greek creed) |
1 ½ |
351 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Julius I of Rome. said Marcellus was Trinitarian |
9 |
339-352 |
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Ammonas (Origenist, a founder of monasticism) |
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340-348/353 |
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Theodore of Heraclea |
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355 |
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Council of Arminum, Nicene/Arian compromise Athanasius against all councils after Nicea |
½ |
355 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
4th Council of Sirmium |
357 |
Father neither the same nor similar substance as the Son, but greater than the Son |
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Synod of Seleucia in Isauria (160 bishops) |
0.2 |
357/358 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
King Ezana of Aksum becomes a Christian |
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c.325-360 |
King of Ethiopia, Sudan, and parts of Egypt and Yemen |
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Eusebius of Emesa, astronomer, math. bishop |
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c.359/360 |
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Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal |
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c.350-360 |
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Jews forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem |
325-361 |
Constantine forbids Jews to be in Jerusalem. Julian later rescinds this decree. |
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Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
337-353-361 |
Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding. |
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Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace |
½ |
356-361 |
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Life of Antony (possibly by Athanasius) |
26.5 |
359-362 |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
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- |
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W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
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W |
- |
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W |
Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius |
c.4 |
359-362 |
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Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial) |
c.8 |
359-362 |
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Cyrillones Syriac poet Six Hymns |
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4th century |
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Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia |
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late 4th cent. |
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Julian the Apostate again makes paganism the official Roman religion |
361-363 |
Roman emperor Julian tries to restore paganism until he dies in battle against the Persians. Valentinian becomes emperor in the west, Arian Valens in the east. |
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Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza |
361-363 |
Emperor Julian shows some toleration, yet permits persecution of Christians. |
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Arian Acacius of Caesarea (liked Eusebius of Caesarea, against Cyril of Jerusalem) |
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366 |
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Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
226.5 |
355-367/368 |
W |
W |
P |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
I |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
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W |
Theodore of Tabennesi |
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died 368 |
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Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae |
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350-370 |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Cheltenham Canon (=Momsen Catalogue) |
0.25 |
360-370 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east |
370 |
Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism. |
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Messalians (Adelphius & Alexander the Sleepless) |
370-1231 |
Nothing matters except prayer, which became their idol. Condemned at Ephesus. |
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Eusebius of Vercelli (persecuted by Arians) |
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c.345-370/371 |
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Athanasius of Alexandria (partial) |
412 |
325-373 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) |
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364-375 |
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Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths |
369-376 |
After converting to Arianism, Athanaric persecuted Orthodox Christians. |
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Titus of Bostra. Dead purified after death (like purgatory). wrote 4 books against Manichees |
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before 378 |
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Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial) |
161.25 |
350-378 |
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W |
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Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius |
354-365 |
Liberius banished by Emperor Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius. |
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Fighting: Damasus I vs. Ursinus as Roman bishop |
366-378 |
Emperor sends in troops to stop the fighting. 137 of Ursinus' followers killed. |
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Macedonius, Pneumatomachian patriarch of Constantinople |
342-379 |
Expelled and tortured Novatianist and Orthodox Christians in Greece and the Balkans. Dug up the corpse of Constantine I. |
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Macrina, younger sister of Basil/Greg. Nyssa |
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c.327-379 |
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Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial) |
326 |
357-378/379 |
W |
W |
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W |
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W |
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W |
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W |
W |
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Zeno of Verona (90 sermons) |
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362-380 |
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Sapor II persecutes Christians |
380 |
Heliodorus, Dosa, Ia, and 8K-9K others killed |
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Apostolic Constitutions (from the Didascalia) |
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c.380 |
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Orsiesius/Orsisius of Tabenna |
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c.380 |
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Faustinus of Rome, Luciferian, On the Trinity |
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ca.380 |
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Filastrius Against All Heresies |
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ca.380 |
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Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) (undisputed) |
4.5 |
343-381 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Gangra -vs. Eustastius of Sabaste |
1 1/3 |
345-381 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Meletius of Antioch (taught Diodore) |
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381 |
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1st Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
3.75 |
381-382 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Rome under Damasus I |
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382 |
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Eunomius of Cyzicus (extreme Arian) |
c.8 |
360-c.383 |
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Bachiarius Libellis de Fide |
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383 |
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Ambrosiaster (Latin) |
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After 384 |
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Philastrius of Brescia Catalog of Heresies |
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c.384/381-397 |
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Genuine Acts of Peter of Alexandria |
|
after 384 |
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Jacob of Nisibis |
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305-385 |
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Gregory of Elvira, Spain |
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359-385 |
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Macedonian and Priscillian heresies |
c.383, 385 |
Macedonians denied H.S. a being. Priscillian denied Jesus God. killed 385 A.D. |
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Priscillian |
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385 |
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Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem) |
142 |
c.349-386 |
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W |
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W |
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Damasus I of Rome against Arian Nica Creed |
2 |
c.386-389/384 |
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Christians burn down Valentinian Gnostic chapel |
388 |
At the Byzantine outpost of Callinicum in Iraq |
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Ambrose of Milan (partial, Against Arianism) |
446.25 |
370-390 |
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W |
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W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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W |
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Tyconius of Africa, On the Apoc. (Donatist) |
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370-380/390 |
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A bishop burns down a Jewish synagogue |
379-390 |
Emperor Theodosius orders the bishop to rebuild it. Ambrose of Milan cautions him. |
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Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul) |
|
died 390 |
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Marcian |
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390 |
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Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.) |
275 |
330-391 |
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Christians burn all pagan temples in Alexandria |
391 |
With emperor’s blessing patriarch Theophilus destroys all pagan temples and images |
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Pacian of Barcelona |
c.23 |
342-379/392 |
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Fortunatus |
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392 |
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Phoebadius of Agen (wrote against Arians) |
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After 392 |
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Diodore |
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Before 394 |
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Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius |
1 |
394 |
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Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) deny the Holy Spirit is a distinct being |
|
342-395 |
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Emperor Theodosius I persecutes Jews, Arians, & Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) |
379-395 |
Allowed the burning of synagogues. Jews could no longer serve in official positions. |
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Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist) |
495 |
c.356-397 |
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W |
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W |
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Philastrius of Brescia (disputed with heretics) |
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381-397 |
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Didymus the blind (Origenist, against Pneumatomachians) |
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398 |
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Luciferian Schism -Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia |
|
361-c.399 |
Orthodox beliefs, except would not accept back repentant Arian/Semi-Arian clergy |
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Evagrius Ponticus (monk) |
|
c.381-399 |
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Siricius (first to be called Pope in Rome) |
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c.384-399 |
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Epitaph of Pectorius |
0.125 |
100-400 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum) |
c.189 |
350-400 |
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Syriac Doctrine of Addai |
|
400 |
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p85 Rev 9-10 |
400 |
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- |
- |
- |
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p19 Mt 10-11 |
400 |
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- |
- |
- |
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p50 Acts 8,10; p51 Gal 1 (13, 15 verses) |
400 |
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- |
- |
- |
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p117 2 Cor 7; p122 Jn 21 |
400 |
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- |
- |
- |
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p21 Mt 12:24-26,32f (8 verses) |
4/5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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p57 Acts4:36-5:2; 5:8-10 (7 verses) |
4/5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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p135 Gal 3:21-22,28-29; 4:31-5:6; 5:10-15 |
4/5th century |
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Freer Gospels (W) (original) Mt 1-28; Mk 1:1-5:16:20; Lk 1:1-24:53; Jn 5:12-14:25;16:8-21:25 |
4/5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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Codex Bobiensis (Latin k) Mt 1:1-3:10; 4:1-14:17; 15:20-36; Mk 8:8-11,14-16; 8:19-16:8 |
4/5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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Fastidus (Britain) |
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4/5th century |
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Hyperechius (Mt, etc.) |
|
4/5th century |
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Timothy of Alexandria |
|
4/5th century |
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Maximinus |
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4/5th century |
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Maximus of Turin |
|
4/5th century |
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Petilian/Petilianus (Donatist) |
|
4/5th century |
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Nonnus (Gospel of John paraphrase) |
|
early 5th cent. |
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Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies) |
|
360-403 |
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|
W |
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W |
|
W |
Coptic saint Theophilus of Alexandria |
391-403 |
Persecuted pagans and anti-Origenist monks. The Orthodox remember martyrdoms of 10,000 monks due to him. Presided at the Synod of the Oak against Chrysostom. |
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Amphilochius of Iconium (against Pneumatomachians) |
|
c.345-398/404 |
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Flavian of Antioch |
|
404 |
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Prudentius of Tarraconensis, Spain (poet) |
|
before 405 |
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Pope Innocent I |
|
ca.405 |
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|
Rufinus, translator and historian (Origenist) |
88 |
374-406 |
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Gaudentius of Brescia (Donatist, 21 Sermons) |
|
after 406 |
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Mesrop Mashtotz translates the Bible into Armenian |
after 406 |
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Theotimos |
|
407 |
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John Chrysostom (partial) |
~3000 |
-407 |
W |
W |
|
W |
W |
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W |
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W |
W |
W |
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W |
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W |
W |
|
Chromatius of Aquileia |
|
407 |
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Severian of Gabala (Chrysostom's foe) |
150+ |
398-408 |
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Asterius of Amasea |
|
c.410 |
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|
1st Nestorian Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon |
410 |
Called by bishop Mar Isaac. Affirms the Nicene Creed. bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon on par with Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome. |
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Violent persecution of and by Donatist sects |
411 |
Augustine protested the harshness of Emperor Honorius’ persecution. |
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Theophilus of Alexandria |
|
412 |
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Niceta of Remesianus, Serbia |
c.63 |
366-c.415 |
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Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian) |
c.20 |
414-418 |
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Pelagius tried at the Council of Lydda, 25 miles NW Jerusalem. 415 A.D. (People are born neutral.) |
|
416-418 |
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|
Letter from Paula & Eustochium to Jerome |
|
before 419 |
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Council of Carthage (218 bishops) |
39 |
393-419 |
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|
Greek philosopher Hypatia killed by Christian mob in Alexandria |
c.419 |
Christian historian Socrates condemns this. |
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Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin) |
116 ½ |
363-420 |
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Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial) |
~500 |
373-420 |
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|
Palladius’ Lausiac History (short recension) |
|
419-420 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mazdeans and Persian Emperor Vararanes persecute Christians in Persia |
419-420 |
|
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Council of Vaison |
|
422 |
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|
Fifth Synod at Carthage |
|
424 |
|
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|
2nd Nestorian Synod (Synod of Yahallaha I) |
420 |
|
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3rd Nestorian Synod of (Markabta of Tayyaye) |
424 |
Synod of Dadyeshu |
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Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History |
89 |
370/380-425 |
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|
Sixth Synod at Carthage |
|
426 |
To restore Leporius the “ex-proto-Nestorian” |
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Synod at Constantinople against Massalians |
|
426 |
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|
Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian) |
|
392-423/429 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Macarius/Symeon (Mt, etc.) |
|
392-423/429 |
|
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|
Petronius of Verona |
|
c.412-429 |
|
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|
Augustine of Hippo (Ambrose’s pupil) (partial) |
~4500 |
388-8/28/430 |
|
|
|
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
W |
|
Synesius of Ptolemais (Cyrene) |
|
397-430 |
|
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|
John Cassian (Origenist, father of Semi-Pelagianism) |
422 ½ |
419-430 |
|
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|
Nilus of Ancyra & Sinai, friend of Chrysostom. Against Messalians |
|
died c.430 |
|
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|
Polychronius |
|
c.430 |
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|
Marcus Eremita |
|
after 430 |
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|
Paulinus of Nola, Italy. Ex-senator who introduced bells in worship. |
|
431 |
|
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|
Council of Ephesus (200 bishops) against Pelagius & all who were not against Nestorius |
20 |
Jun-Sep 431 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Totals |
|
|
6+ |
8+ |
3+ |
4+ |
4+ |
1+ |
1+ |
1+ |
6+ |
3+ |
7+ |
3+ |
5+ |
1+ |
1+ |
3+ |
2+ |
9+ |
8+ |
5+ |
Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
a1 |
a2 |
a3 |
a4 |
a5 |
a6 |
a7 |
a8 |
a9 |
a10 |
h1 |
h2 |
h3 |
h4 |
h5 |
H6 |
h7 |
h8 |
h9 |
h10 |
Philip of Side, Pamphylia (historian) |
|
405-after 432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Celestine of Rome to the Council of Ephesus |
1 ¾ |
431-432 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
The Didascalia (mentions Nestorians) |
70 |
after 432 |
W |
|
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W |
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Paul of Emesa |
|
after 432 |
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Philostorgius, extreme Arian historian |
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425-433 |
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Vincent of Lerins A Commonitory |
26 |
c.434 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters) |
|
c.435 |
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Acacius of Beroea |
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c.430-436 |
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Socrates of Constantin. Ecclesiastical History |
178 |
c.400-439 |
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1st Council of Orange (17 bishops) |
|
Nov 8, 441 |
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Synod of Arles |
|
443 |
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Cyril of Alexandria (foe of Diodore) |
|
444 |
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Arsenius of Anachoreta |
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445 |
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Theodore of Ancyra |
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445 |
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Proclus of Constantinople |
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446 |
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Sechnall of Ireland. Hymn to St. Patrick |
|
439-447/448 |
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Persian king Yazdegerd II persecutes Christians |
448 |
Massacres Christians in Kirkuk, modern-day Iraq |
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Valerian of Cimiez (for Hilary of A. vs. Leo I) |
|
c.442-449 |
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2nd Council of Ephesus (Robber's Council) |
|
449 |
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Flavian of Constantinople |
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449 |
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Armenian Synod of Artisat |
|
449 |
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Eucherius of Lyons |
|
c.434-ca.449 |
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Persians attack Armenians and Georgians |
449 |
Armenians and Georgians revolt after Yazdirg II tries to impose Zoroastrianism. |
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Victor of Antioch |
|
425-450 |
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Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (partial) |
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c.433-c.450 |
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Possidus of Calama |
|
450 |
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Marius Mercator (Latin) |
|
450 |
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Agroecius bishop of Sen, Gaul |
|
c.450 |
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p14 1 Cor 10:3; p93 Jn 13 |
450 |
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- |
- |
- |
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p127 Acts 10:32-35,40-45;11:2-5;11:30-12:3,5,7-9;15:29-30,34-41;16:1-4, 3-40,17:1-10 |
450 |
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Alexandrinus (Mt 25:7-Rev with gaps in Jn,Rm,2Cor) |
c.450 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
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Ephraemi Rescriptus (C) (-04) |
5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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Bezae Cantabrigiensis |
5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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I |
5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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Q |
5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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T |
5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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Curetonian Old Syriac (Mt, etc.) |
5th century |
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- |
- |
- |
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Cyprian of Gaul Gen-Jdg poetic paraphrase |
|
5th century |
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Julianus Pomerius |
|
5th century |
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Oecumenius of Isauria |
|
5th century |
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Severus |
|
5th century |
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Speculum |
|
5th century |
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Salvian the presbyter from Marseilles On the Government of God |
|
440-450 |
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Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections |
|
ca.450 |
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Hesychius of Jerusalem |
|
after 450 |
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Besa the Copt (Monophysite) |
|
5th century |
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|
Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites (4th) |
18 |
451 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ex-Patriarch Nestorius’ Bazaar of Heracleides |
c.128 |
451/452 |
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Quodvultdeus (friend of Augustine) |
|
453 |
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|
de Promissionibus |
|
453 |
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Julian of Eclanum, Italy (Pelagian) |
|
c.454 |
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|
Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop & historian) |
318 |
423-458 |
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|
Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia |
420-460 |
After Bishop Abdas burned a Zoroast. temple, many Christian churches burned. |
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Isaac of Antioch (Monoph. or Orthodox?) |
|
451-460 |
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Arnobius the Younger of Gaul |
|
c.460 |
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Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish) |
15 |
420-461 |
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W |
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|
Pope Leo I of Rome (turned back Attila) |
204 |
440-461 |
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|
Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) -partial |
c.12 |
426-465 |
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|
Shenoute (friend of Cyril of Alexandria) |
|
c.450-477 |
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Hidatius/Igacius of Gallaecia (Portugal) |
|
c.401-469 |
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|
Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians |
c.472 |
Christian missionary Azqir among those killed. |
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Diadochus of Photice/Photiki |
|
c.400-474 |
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Gelasius of Cyzicus |
|
475 |
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Varimadum (in Latin) |
|
445/480 |
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What has been called the Athanasian Creed |
1 |
447/484 |
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|
Nestorian Council of Jundish |
|
484 |
Nestorian Council honors Pelagian Theodore of Mopsuestia |
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Vigilius of Africa and Thrace |
|
after 484 |
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|
Arians persecute Christians in Algeria |
484 |
Arian Visigoth Hunneric persecutes Orthodox Christians in Tipasa, Algeria |
||||||||||||||||||||
Romans shut down Nestorian school in Edessa |
489 |
Roman Emperor Zeno closes Nestorian school; Nestorians flee to Persia |
||||||||||||||||||||
Victor of Vita, Africa |
|
after 489 |
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|
Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men |
41 |
480-495 |
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|
Life of Abercius |
|
300-500 |
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|
Liber Chroniconum (includes Commentary on Origen’s Hexameron) |
|
375-500 |
|
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|
Local Synod of Constantinople |
|
499 |
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|
Ephraemi Rescriptus |
400-500 |
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|
- |
- |
- |
|
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|
Faustus of Riez |
|
490/500 |
|
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|
Andreas Caesariensis (historian) |
|
c.500 |
|
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|
pseudo-Gregory Thaumaturgus (Monophysite) |
|
c.500 |
|
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|
Eugenius of Carthage (quotes 1 Jn 5:7) |
|
-c.505 |
|
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|
Armenian Apostolic Church 1st Council of Dvin 20 bishops, 14 laymen, and various rulers |
|
506 |
|
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|
Philoxenian Syriac |
507/508 |
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- |
- |
- |
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|
|
Monophysite Synod of Tyre rejects Chalcedon |
513-515 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Ruricus/Ruricius I of Limoges |
|
ca.485-c.510 |
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|
Roman pope excommunicates Acacius/east churches |
484-518 |
|
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Ennodius of Pavia, Italy |
|
514-521 |
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|
Jacob of Serug/Sarug (Mar Jacob) (partial) |
9 |
519-521 |
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|
Philoxenus of Mabbug (Monophysite) |
|
c.498-523 |
|
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|
Arians persecute Christians in north Africa |
499-523 |
Visigoth Thrasimund persecutes Orthodox in Carthage & N. Africa until he died |
||||||||||||||||||||
Avitus of Vienne (against Arians) |
|
523 |
|
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|
Dhu Nuwas (=Yusuf As'ar) kills C's in Yemen |
523-524 |
Converted Jewish king persecutes Christians, since Byzantines persecute Jews |
||||||||||||||||||||
Barsanuphius of Palestine |
|
c.525 |
|
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Boethius |
|
-ca.524/526 |
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|
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite |
|
c.485-c.528 |
|
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|
2nd Council of Orange vs. semi-Pelagianism |
|
529 |
|
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|
Procopius of Gaza |
|
c.465-530 |
|
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|
Boniface II Letter to Caesarius of Arles |
|
530-532 |
|
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|
Eugippus of Naples |
|
533 |
|
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|
Fulgentius of Ruspe, north Africa (partial) |
282 |
507-532/533 |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
Schism among Nestorians |
|
531-537 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Severus of Antioch (Monophysite) |
|
c.491-538 |
|
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|
Benedict of Nursia Rule of St. Benedict |
|
ca.480-540 |
|
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|
Caesarius of Arles, pupil of Julianus |
|
469/470-542 |
|
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|
Choricius of Gaza (pupil of Procopius) |
|
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|
Ferrancus deacon of Carthage |
|
c.546/547 |
|
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|
|
6th Nestorian Synod affirms Chalcedon |
|
531-537 |
Synod of Mar Aba I |
|||||||||||||||||||
Persian Khosros I persecutes Nestorians |
540-545 |
|
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Julian of Halicarnassus starts the Phantasiastes sect |
527-549 |
Phantasiastes split from Monophysites, saying Christ's body was incorruptible |
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Mark the Hermit of Tarsus |
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6th century |
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Codex Claromontanus |
6th century |
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Leontius of Byzantium |
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543/550 |
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Apringius of Beja |
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after 551 |
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Primasius Comm. on the Apocalypse |
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after 552 |
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Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) condemns Nestorius, Origen & admirers |
13 |
May 553 |
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- |
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Vigilius’ letter to Constantinople II Council |
2 |
553 |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
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7th Persian Synod |
554 |
Creates metropolitans for Merv and Rewardashir |
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Armenian Apostolic Church 2nd Council of Dvin. Rejected Chalcedon |
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554 |
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Paschasius of Dumiun/Dumin |
c.13 |
555 |
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Romanos the Melodist |
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556 |
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Cyril of Scythopolis, Palestine (monk) |
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543-558/559 |
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Victor of Tunis |
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after 566 |
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Gildas the Wise of Rhuys (England & Ireland ) |
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c.570 |
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Facundus of Hermiane, north Africa |
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after 571 |
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Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts |
527-568, 572 |
Copts are Monophysites; teaching Jesus’ humanity & divinity are only one nature. |
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Martin of Braga, Spain |
c.24 |
550-577 |
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M. Aurelius Cassiodorus Comm. on Ps, Rev. |
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c.580 |
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Jews persecuted in France |
554,561,582 |
Jews forced to convert or expelled |
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Monoph. John of Ephesus (tortured pagans) |
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c.507-c.586 |
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Columba of Iona, Scotland (poetry in Latin) |
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ca.597 |
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Leander of Seville, Spain, brother of Isidore |
c.24 |
579-600/601 |
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Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial) |
239 ½ |
590-605 |
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Eulogius of Alexandria |
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607 |
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Venantius’ Poem on Easter |
1 ½ |
lived 530-609 |
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W |
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Armenian Apostolic Church 3rd Council of Dvin |
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609-610 |
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Antiochus Mar Saba |
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614 |
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Harclean Syriac (Harklensis) (SyrH) |
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616 |
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- |
- |
- |
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2nd Synod of Seville, Spain |
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618/619 |
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Gospel of pseudo-Matthew |
15 |
600-625 |
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Council of Rheims (in northern France) |
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c.625 |
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Gospel of the Nativity of Mary |
3 ½ |
after 625 |
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Babai the Nestorian historian On the Union |
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died ca.628 |
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Jews persecuted in Constantinople |
628 |
Jews forced to convert in Constantinople |
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4th Council of Toledo, Spain |
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Dec. 633 |
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Isidore of Seville, scholar Etymologiae |
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601-636 |
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Monothelite-leaning Pope Honorius of Rome |
|
625-638 |
Condemned as a heretic by the Council of Constantinople in 680 |
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Sahdone/Sahdona (=Martyrius) (On Psalms) |
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c/635-640 |
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Lateran Council condemns monothelitism (150 bishops) |
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649 |
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Oecumenius (sinlessness of Mary) |
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550-650 |
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Peshitta (SyrP) |
600/650 |
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- |
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- |
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Constantine of Mananalis, started Paulicans |
mid 7th cent. |
Also called Euchites, they were ascetic, vegetarian Gnostics |
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Andreas |
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7th century |
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Apocalypse of pseudo-Methodius |
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7th century |
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Modestus of Jerusalem (Mary the new Eve) |
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7th century |
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pseudo-Athanasius |
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7th century |
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Braulio of Saragossa Life of St. Aemilianus |
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631-651 |
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Muslim Jihads against non-Muslims |
634- |
Muslims invaded Syria to France, and Persia to India |
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John Climacus (John of the Ladder) |
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before 670 |
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Monothelites |
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633-680 |
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Pope Agatho to the 3rd Council of Constant. |
6.5 |
Nov 15, 680 |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3rd Council of Constantinople (6th ecumenical) |
8 |
680-681 |
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John of Nikiu: Copt historian. Islam was God’s punishment against Chalcedonians |
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c.680-690 |
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Quinisext Council (=Council in Trullo) |
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692 |
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Jews persecuted in Spain |
623-693 |
Jews were killed, forced to convert, or expelled from Toledo & Spain |
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Isaac of Nineveh (=the Syrian) (Nestorian) ascetic wrote on the inner life |
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c.700/7th century |
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Anastasius of Antioch |
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700 |
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Buddhist Empress Wu Zetian persecutes Nestorians |
698-705 |
Burned Nestorian churches and monasteries in China |
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Judaism outlawed in Constantinople |
722 |
Judaism illegal in the capital |
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Bede the Venerable, English historian. Finished translating John on his deathbed in 735. |
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731-735 |
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Andrew of Crete, hymn writer. He was the first to claim Luke draw a secret picture of Jesus. |
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712-726/740 |
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John of Damascus (defender of icons & relics) |
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706-749 |
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Codex Amiatinus (No 1 Jn 5:7) |
700-750 |
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- |
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- |
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Hesychius, Pros Theodoulon |
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c.750? |
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John the Elder of Mt. Qardu, N. Iraq (monk) |
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8th century |
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Synod of Hiereia (=Council of Constantinople V) (333 bishops against icons) |
|
754 |
"the unlawful art of painting living creatures blasphemed the fundamental doctrine of our salvation--namely, the Incarnation of Christ, & contradicted the six holy synods” |
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Uighurs convert from Nestorianism to Manichaeism |
762 |
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2nd Council of Nicea (7th ecumenical) |
|
787 |
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Byzantine Lectionaries |
9th century- |
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- |
- |
- |
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Alcuin of York (scholar under Charlemagne) |
|
782-804 |
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Theodore Abu Qurrah, an Arabian Chalcedonian who debated Monophysites |
|
813-820/825 |
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Theodore the Studite/Stoudite (Orthodox, icons) |
|
759-826 |
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Taoist Chinese Emperor Wu persecutes Buddhists and Nestorians |
840-846 |
Non-violent but severe persecution. Much land was tied up by Buddhist monasteries. Nestorian Christianity never as prominent in China again. |
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Rabanus Maurus |
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c.776-856 |
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Paschasius Radbertus |
|
786-865 |
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Ratremus |
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744-868 |
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John Scotus Eirugena (Irish-born), Neo-Platonist theologian who succeeded Alcuin under Charlemagne. Believed in pre-existence of souls` |
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c.848-c.877 |
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Photius I (the Great) of Constantinople |
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c.858-891 |
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Cadaver Synod condemns Pope Formosus |
Jan 897 |
Roman Pope Stephen (VI) VII convicts dead Roman Pope Formosus |
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Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews |
1004-1012 |
Fatimid Caliph Hakim terrorizes pilgrims & desecrates Jerusalem in 1009 |
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Symeon the New Theologian |
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979-1022 |
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Antoninus Melissa Loci Communes. Collection of sentences |
|
11th century |
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Berengar of Tours |
|
c.999-1088 |
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- |
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Hildebert de Lavardin of Tours |
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d.1133 |
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- |
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Cretian of Troyes created Holy Grail story |
|
1190 |
At one point 18 churches at the same time had the relic of the Holy Grail. |
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Constantine Stilbes |
|
1150-1200 |
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Nine Crusades |
1189-1272 |
To retake Israel (& capture Constantinople), gain land & money |
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Marsiglio of Padua. Italian scholar and doctor who argued against the Pope’s supremacy |
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1320-1342 |
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Gregory Akindos (against Ascetic Hesychasts) |
|
-c.1347 |
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Barlaam of Seminara – against Hesychasm |
|
1323-1348 |
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Gregory Palamas, defender of Hesychasm (senseless prayer) |
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1335-1359 |
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Medieval Christians: Cath., Orthodox, Copts |
- |
c.500-c.1500 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
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W |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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Muslim Qur’an or Sunni hadiths (5 collections) |
|
c.609- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
Some moderate Muslims |
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- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
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W |
- |
- |
- |
|
W |
|
W |
Peter Waldo & the Waldenses in Fr., It., Sp. |
|
1175-1532 |
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- |
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James of Viterbo |
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died 1308 |
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Muslims massacre Christians in Arbela |
1310 |
|
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Muslims massacred Christians in Almaliq |
1339 |
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John Wycliffe & the Lollards in England |
|
1367-1382 |
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W |
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Muslim Tamerlane killed 17 million, 5% world pop. |
1360-1405 |
Slaughtered Hindus, fellow Muslims, and almost extinguished Nestorians |
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Muslim Tamerlane sacks Baghdad |
1401 |
Tamerlane massacres thousands of Muslims and Christians |
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Jan Hus & the Hussites in Bohemia |
|
1404-7/6/1415 |
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W |
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Western Schism of dueling popes |
1378-1417 |
Popes in both Avignon and Rome, ended by the Council of Constance |
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Hussite Wars |
1419-1434 |
After Catholics executed Jan Hus, they invaded Bohemia |
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Portuguese forcibly convert Nestorians |
1498 |
Portuguese force Nestorians to convert to Catholicism in India |
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Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, Swiss Anabaptist |
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1521-1527- |
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Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer |
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1454-1531 |
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English king persecutes the Lollards |
1413-1532 |
Not too many executed |
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Cardinal Thomas Cajetan (opponent of Luther) |
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1494-1534 |
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Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (Catholic Bible scholar) |
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1469-1536 |
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Luther preaches to kill Jews & Anabaptists |
1537-1536 |
Luther changed his view on killing Anabaptists in his last sermon. |
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Crusade against the Waldenses |
1487-1545- |
Pope Innocent VIII orders a crusade to exterminate the Waldenses |
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Martin Luther, or conservative Lutherans |
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1483-1546 |
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Council of the 100 Chapters (Stoglav) Moscow (Orthodox, icons) |
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1551 |
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Calvinists persecute Anabaptists |
1527-1810 |
Switzerland repealed persecution laws against Anabaptists in 1810. |
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Menno Simons, peaceful German Anabaptist, Monnonites |
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1536-1561- |
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Roman Catholic Council of Trent |
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1545-1563 |
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John Calvin, a founder of Reformed theology |
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1536-1564 |
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
Aug 23, 1572 |
French Catholics treacherously kill 5-30K French Huguenots |
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Jesus Luis de Molina (Molinists teach prevenient grace) |
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1588-1600 |
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Westminster Shorter Catechism |
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1646-1647 |
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Great Council of Moscow (Orthodox, icons) |
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1666-1667 |
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Synod of Jerusalem |
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1672 |
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Unitarians |
1600- |
Denied the deity of Christ and the virgin birth |
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Ottomans devise the Devsirme system |
1383-1638 |
Required each Christian family to give up one son to be a Muslim Janissary |
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Thirty Years War Catholics vs. Lutherans+France |
1618-1648 |
About 1/4 of Germans perished. Many Protestants and Catholics killed. |
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Bogomils, Manichaean/Gnostic |
970-1650 |
Originating from Paulicans, they spread from Greece to France |
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Jakob Ammann & the Amish (no modernity) |
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1693- |
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Benjamin Keach. English Particular Baptist, hymn writer. Wrote 43 works |
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1658-1704 |
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Isaac Chauncy, Neonomian and medical doctor |
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1660-1712 |
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Synod of the Russian Church (Orthodox, icons) |
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1722 |
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Benedictine Antoin Calmet |
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1707-1742 |
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Isaac Watts, theologian and logician. 750 hymns |
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1690-1748 |
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George Whitfield (Great Awakening preacher) |
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1714-1770 |
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Emmanuel Swedenborg (Last Judgment in 1757, Oneness) |
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1744-1770 |
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Christian August Crusius |
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1744-1775 |
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Synod of Constantinople (Orthodox, icons) |
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1776 |
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John Wesley, Arminian, Methodism's founder |
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1738-1791 |
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Spanish Inquisition |
1478-1834 |
Tortured & executed Jews, Muslims, Protestants, & even many Catholics |
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Medieval Inquisition in France & Europe |
1184-mid 19th century |
Tortured & executed Anabaptists, Protestants, & a few Catholics |
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Gr. Orthodox: Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain Pedalion (The Rudder) |
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1775-1809 |
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Charles Finney (Arminian revivalist) |
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1825-1875 |
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Ellen G. White & Seventh Day Adventists |
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1763- |
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Primitive Baptists (reformed, believer’s baptism, no mission societies, ~110K members) |
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1827- |
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Mormonism (Latter Day Saints) |
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1830- |
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John Rippon, hymnist |
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1771-1836 |
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Christadelphians deny the Trinity, and H.S. Satan as beings |
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1849- |
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Babis |
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1844-1850 |
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Azalis & Baha'is |
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1850 & 1863- |
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Kurds massacre 10,000 Nestorians |
1846 |
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Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod split from LCMS. They believe the papacy is the antichrist. ~300K members. |
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1850- |
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Tokugawa Shoguns persecute Christians in Japan |
1629-1856 |
Those who refused to trample pictures of Jesus or Mary tortured & killed. |
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Queen Ranavolana I of Madagascar |
1828-1861 |
Killed half of the people of Madagascar (2.5 million), especially Christians |
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St. Ignaty Brianchaninov (Orthodox, icons) |
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1807-1867 |
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Insider Movement to Hindus (founded by Kali Chan Banurji) |
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1870- |
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Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower) |
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1872- |
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Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian |
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19th century |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
X |
X |
X |
Mary Baker Eddy & Christian Science |
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1875/1879- |
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Julius Mueller. Protestant theologian, pre-existence of souls |
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1839-1878 |
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Charles Spurgeon. almost 3,600 sermons |
49 vols. |
1854-1892 |
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Unity Church (founded by Charles Fillmore) |
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1899- |
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Oneness Pentecostalism |
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1914- |
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Roman Catholic Cardinal James Gibbons |
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1868-1921 |
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Communist persecutions |
1922- |
Persecution of Christians and others, from the USSR to the Khmer Rouge |
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Jews intermittently expelled or attacked |
1009-1939 |
Jews attacked by mobs, pogroms, or expelled in Europe & north Africa |
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Gustavo Guitierrez & Liberation Theology |
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1950-s-1971- |
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Rev. Moon’s Divine Principle (Unification Church) |
508 |
1954- |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
W |
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Word Mission Society Church of God (=Church of Ahnsahnghong, =Elohists) |
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1964- |
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Insider (C5) Movement to Muslims (Qur'an & Mohammed from God too, rejects the Trinity) |
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1970's- |
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Chrislam, syncretistic religion in Nigeria |
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1970's- |
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Church Universal & Triumphant / Elizabeth Claire Prophet (New Age) |
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1975- |
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Buddhist persecution in Myanmar/Burma |
2000- |
Buddhist government persecutes both Christians and Muslims |
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Hindus persecute Christians Orissa province India |
Aug 2008- |
300+ churches burned, 400+ killed after Maoists kill Hindu Swami Laxmananand |
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Hans Kung, liberal Roman Catholic theologian |
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1954-2013 |
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70 million Christians martyred |
35-July 2014 |
according to David B. Barrett of World Christian Encyclopedia |
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Conservative Protestant, R.C. Sproul, Antioch Church (600 million) |
- |
c.1517- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
m |
- |
m |
- |
- |
- |
W |
m |
W |
m |
Modern Eastern Orthodox (200 million) |
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1672- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
m |
- |
m |
- |
- |
- |
W |
m |
W |
m |
Modern Roman Catholic (1.29 billion) |
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1962- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
m |
- |
m |
- |
- |
- |
W |
m |
W |
m |
Messianic Jews |
- |
1960's- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
m |
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- |
- |
- |
W |
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W |
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Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
a1 |
a2 |
a3 |
a4 |
a5 |
a6 |
a7 |
a8 |
a9 |
a10 |
h1 |
h2 |
h3 |
h4 |
h5 |
h6 |
h7 |
h8 |
h9 |
h10 |
www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/NiceaToEphesusTeachingOnApologeticAndPolemicEvangelismGrid.html. Ref’s at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatEarlyChristiansTaught.html