Nicea to Ephesus Teaching Grid

After Ephesus Teaching on ... Grid – Aug. 2020 version

		Legend for Cells
1.	11.	W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching
2.	12.	I = Implied this is true or opposite is false
3.	13.	N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed
4.	14.	M = Mixed: some agree, others would not
5.	15.	P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible
6.	16.
7.	17.	- = no reference found (so far)
8.	18.	X = Disagree
9.	19.	blank = not researched yet
10.	20.	Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s

Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Roman Catholics persecuting, brown=Christians persecuting

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

< Pages

Date A.D.

Council of Ephesus (200 bishops) against Pelagius & all who were not against Nestorius

Jun-Sep 431

Philip of Side (Sidetus), Pamphylia. historian

21.67

405-after 431

Celestine of Rome to the Council of Ephesus

1.75

431-432

pseudo-Gregory Thaumaturgus Four Homilies

13.5

after 431?

The Didascalia -refers to Nestorians so after 431

after 432

Paul of Emesa (Homs, Syria today)

after 432

Philostorgius, strict Arian historian

425-433

Vincent of Lerins A Commonitory

c.434

Mar Rabbula of Urhai (Syriac) Admonitions Concerning Monks. Removed the Diatessaron.

4.2

411-435

Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters)

c.435

Acacius of Beroea

c.430-c.436

Socrates of Constantin. Ecclesiastical History

178

c.400-439

Gospel of Nicodemus 1st Greek form

405-439

1st Council of Orange (17 bishops)

Nov 8, 441

Syriac Peshitta (Mt - 1 Pet)

442-

4th Synod of Arles

443 or 452

Cyril of Alexandria (foe of Diodore)

444

Arsenius of Anachoreta

445

Theodore of Ancyra

445

Proclus of Constantinople

446

Sechnall of Ireland. Hymn to St. Patrick

439-447/448

Persian king Yazdegerd II persecutes Christians

448

Massacres Christians in Kirkuk, modern-day Iraq

Valerian of Cimiez (for Hilary of A. vs. Leo I)

c.422-449

2nd Council of Ephesus (Robbers Council)

449

Flavian of Constantinople

449

Armenian Synod of Artisat

449

Eucherius/Eucharius of Lyons (John Cassian’s friend)

c.434-ca.449

Persians attack Armenians and Georgians

449

Armenians and Georgians revolt after Yazdirg II tries to impose Zoroastrianism.

Victor of Antioch

425-450

Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only)

179

c.433-c.450

Passion of St. Saturninus (250 A.D.)

420-450

Possidus of Calama. Life of Augustine

425-433,450

Marius Mercator (wrote in Latin)

450

Agroecius bishop of Sen, Gaul

c.450

p14 1 Cor 10:3; p93 Jn 13

450

p93 Jn 13:15-17

450

p127 Acts 10:32-35,40-45;11:2-5;11:30-12:3,5,7-9;15:29-30,34-41;16:1-4, 3-40,17:1-10

450

Freerianus (I) Paul’s Letters plus Hebrews minus Romans. 1 Cor 10:29; 11:9-10,18-19,26-27; 12:3-4,27-28; 14:12-13,22,32-33;15:3,27-28,38-39,49-50; 16:1-2,12-13; 2 Cor 1:1,9,16-17,2:3-4,14; 3:6-7,16-17; etc.

450

Alexandrinus (All of Mt 25:7-Rev except Jn 6:50-8:52; Rom 16:24; 2 Cor 4:13-12:6. It has Rom 16:25-27 twice.). All of OT except Gen 14:14-17; 15:1-5,16-19,16:6-9; 1 Sam 12:17-14:9; Ps 19:20-79:11.) It also has 1 Clement and 2 Clement up to 12:4. IT also has apocryphal additions to Daniel, Tobit, Judith, 1 Esdras, 1-4 Maccabees, and Sirach. Psalms of Solomon is in the Table of contents but was lost.

c.450

Mt 1:3-5:14; 7:6-17:25; 18:29-22:20; 23:18-24:9;24:46-25:29; 26:23-27:10; 27:49-28:14; Mk 1:18-6:31; 8:6-12:29; 13:20-16:20 (end); Lk 1:3-2:4; 2:43-3:20; 4:26-6:3; 6:37-7:16; 8:29-12:3; 19:43-20:27; 21:21-22:18; 23:26-24:6; 24:26-53 (end); Jn 1:4-40; 3:34-5:16; 6:38-7:2; 8:35-9:10; 11:8-11:46; 13:8-14:7; 16:22-18:35; 20:26-21:25 (end); Acts !1:3-4:2; 5:35-6:7;6:9-10:42; 13:2-16:36; 20:11-21:30; 22:21-23:17; 24:15-26:18; 27:17-28:5; Rom 1:4-2:4; 3:33-9:5; 10:16-11:30; 13:11-16:27 (end); 1 Cor 1:3-7:17; 9:7-13:7;15:41-1624 (end); 2 Cor 1:3-10:7; Gal 1:21-6:18 (end); Eph 1:3-17; 2:19-4:16; Php 1:23-3:4; Col 1:3-4:18 (end); 1 Th 1:2-2:8; 1 Tim 3:10-5:19; 2 Tim 1:3-4:22 (end); Tt 1:3-3:15 (end); Phm 3-25 (end); Heb 2:5-7:25; 9:16-10:23; 12:16-13:25 (end); Jms 1:3-4:3; 1 Pet 1:3-4:4; 2 Pet 1:2-3:18 (end); 1 Jn 1:3-4:2; 3 Jn 3-14; Jde 3-25; Rev 1:3-3:19; 5:15-7:13; 7:18-8:4; 9:17-10:9; 11:4-16:12; 18:3-19:4. Parts of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom and Sirach

5th century

1 Cor 1:25-27; 2:6-8; 3:8-10,20 (10 verses)

5th century

Curetonian Old Syriac (Syr C) (Mt 1:1-8:22; 10:32-23:25; Mk 16:17-20; Lk 2:48-3:16; 7:33-15:21; 17:24-24:44; Jn 1:1-42; 3:6-7:37; 14:10-29)

5th century

048,

5th century

062

5th century

068, 069

5th century

0163, 0165

5th century

0172, 0175

5th century

0182 Lk 19:18-20,22-24

5th century

0201, 0216, 0217, 0218, 0227, 0238

5th century

0240, 0254, 0261, 0274, 0301

5th century

0252 Heb 6:2-4,6-7

5th century

Codex Sarravianus (Septuagint Greek Torah)

5th century

Gospel of Mary

5th century

Kanteans Manichaean/Magian hybrid

5th century

Good god of light and evil god of darkness. Savior came from the god of light

Besa the Copt (Monophysite)

5th century

Merutha of Maiperqat On the Council of Nicea

2.8

5th century?

Cyprian of Gaul Gen-Jdg poetic paraphrase

5th century

Julianus Pomerius

5th century

Oecumenius of Isauria

5th century

Speculum

5th century

Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections

ca.450

Strain on Genesis -likely by Salvian of Marseilles

420-450

Salvian the presbyter from Marseilles On the Government of God

440-450

Hesychius of Jerusalem

after 450

Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites (4th)

451

5th Synod of Arles, in support of Chalcedon

451

9 Monophysites & Geez translation in Ethiopia

after 451

Pantelewon, Gerima, Isaac/Yeshaq, Aftse, Guba, Alef, Yem’ata, Liqanos, & Sehma

ex-patriarch Nestorius Bazaar of Heracleides

c.128

451/452

Nestorius 2 Letters to Pope Celestine

431

Quodvultdeus (friend of Augustine)

453

de Promissionibus

453

Julian of Eclanum, Italy (Pelagian)

c.454

Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Gospels & Acts) Mt 1:21-5:19; 5:21-29;;5:31-6:19; 9:3-33; 9:35-17:37a; 10:38-41a; 410:42-21:43; 21:45-23:13; 23:15-27:1; 27:13,27:15-28:20; all of Mark except 15:28; All of Luke; All of John except Jn 5:4. Some of Acts and 3 John

c.455 A.D.

Patriarch Dioscorus of Alexandria deposed at Chalcedon. Coptic saint

1.7

444-454

Monophysites & Nestorians in Syria formally split

457

Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop & historian)

318

423-458

Many Christians killed in Persia and Armenia

420-460

After Bishop Abdas burned a Zoroastrian temple, many Christian churches burned.

Isaac of Antioch (Monoph. or Orthodox?)

451-460

Arnobius the Younger of Gaul

c.460

Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish)

420-461

Pope Leo I of Rome (turned back Attila)

204

440-461

Syriac B.L. 14425 (Gospels)

463/464

Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) -partial

426-465

Shenoute (friend of Cyril of Alexandria)

c.450-466

Hidatius/Igacius of Gallaecia (Portugal)

c.401-c.469

Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians

c.472

Christian missionary Azqir among those killed.

Diadochus of Photice/Photiki

c.400-474

Moses of Chorene/Khorenatsi History of Armenia (=Moses Choriensis)

5 ½

474,461-491

Jewish Babylonian Talmud codifies Pharisaic law

375-475/500

Encyclical of Emperor Basilius (anti-Chalcedon)

475

pseudo-Melito of Sardis de Transit Virginis

late 5th

Gelasius of Cyzicus, Hist. of the Council of Nicea

475

Sidonius Apollinaris of Gaul

451-480

7th Synod of Arles (30 bishops)

475/482

Against the priest Lucidus, because he supported predestination as Augustine taught

Acts of Barnabas (claimed to be by John Mark)

Before 478

Varimadum (in Latin)

445/480

Henotikon of Zeno

482

What has been called the Athanasian Creed

447/484

Nestorian Council of Jundish

484

Honors Pelagian Theodore of Mopsuestia. Disapproves of marriage of monks.

Vigilius of Africa and Thrace

after 484

Arians persecute Christians in Algeria

484

Arian Visigoth Hunneric persecutes Orthodox Christians in Tipasa, Algeria

4th Persian Council

486

Formally accepts Nestorian view of Christ and says bishops and priests can marry

Romans shut down Nestorian school in Edessa

489

Roman Emperor Zeno closes Nestorian school; Nestorians flee to Persia

Victor of Vita, Africa (historian)

after 489

Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men

480-495

Acts of Philip (condemned by Pope Gelasius)

6.75

-496

Pope Gelasius of Rome

died 496

Local Synod of Constantinople

499

Condemns Diodore as Nestorian

Life of Abercius

300-500

Liber Chroniconum (includes Commentary on Origen’s Hexameron)

375-500

p135 Gal 3:21-22,28-29; 4:31-5:6; 5:10-15

300-500

p105 Mt 27-28 (2 verses)

500

p54

5th/6th cent.

p56

5th/6th cent.

p94

5th/6th cent.

p105

5th/6th cent.

071

5th/6th cent.

072, 076

5th/6th cent.

088, 0170

5th/6th cent.

0186/0224

5th/6th cent.

0213, 0241

5th/6th cent.

De Obitu S. Diminae

5th/6th cent.

Faustus of Riez

490/500

An estimated 15 million Christians

by 500 A.D.

according to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126

Andreas Caesariensis (historian)

c.500

pseudo-Gregory Thaumaturgus (Monophysite)

c.500

Mar Narsai Persian-born Syriac poet. Called “The harp of the Spirit” 80 surviving homilies. Believed in soul-sleep

437-502

Eugenius of Carthage (quotes 1 Jn 5:7)

-c.505

Armenian Apostolic Church 1st Council of Dvin 20 bishops, 14 laymen, and various rulers

506

Philoxenian Syriac parts of Ps,Isa,2Pet,2Jn,3Jn,Jude,Rev

507/508

Monophysite Synod of Tyre rejects Chalcedon

513-514/515

Ruricus/Ruricius I of Limoges

ca.485-c.510

Eugippius Life of St. Severinus

485-511

John of Niciota, patriarch of Alexandria

505-516

Timothy, patriarch of Constantinople

511-517

Copts kill 350 Maronite monks

517

The Maronite monks were killed for adhering to the Chalcedonian creed

Roman pope excommunicates Acacius/east churches

484-518

Ennodius of Pavia, Italy

514-521

Jacob of Serug/Sarug/Serugh (Mar Jacob) (partial)

519-521

Cosmas Indicopluestes

after 522

Greek and Nestorian sailor. Wrote about India and the Christians in Kerala and Sri Lanka. He was one of the few who said Ptolemy’s round earth was wrong; the earth was flat.

Philoxenus of Mabbug (Monophysite)

c.498-523

Arians persecute Christians in North Africa

499-523

Visigoth Thrasimund persecutes Orthodox in Carthage & N. Africa until he died

Avitus of Vienne (against Arians)

523

Dhu Nuwas (=Yusuf As'ar) kills Christians in Yemen

523-524

Converted Jewish king killed about 20,000 Christians, since Byzantines persecuted Jews

Barsanuphius the Egyptian, of Palestine

c.525

Boethius

-ca.524/526

2nd Council of Toledo, Spain

527

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite

c.485-c.528

2nd Council of Orange vs. semi-Pelagianism

529

3rd Council of Vaison, France (5 canons)

529

Procopius of Gaza

c.465-530

Boniface II Letter to Caesarius of Arles

530-532

Fulgentius of Ruspe, Tunisia (partial)

185

507-532/533

Sermon of Fastidiosus the Arian

1.5

c.523

Remigius of Reims, with Vedast and Clovis’ wife, converted Clovis, king of Franks + 3K Franks

499-533

Letter of Victor to Fulgentius on Fastidiosus

1.3

523-533

Letter of Eugippus of Naples of Paschasius

533

Schism among Nestorians

531-537

Severus of Antioch (Monophysite)

c.491-538

Benedict of Nursia Rule of St. Benedict

fl.529-547

Caesarius of Arles, pupil of Julianus

469/470-542

Choricius of Gaza (pupil of Procopius)

c.518-c.543

6th Nestorian Synod (Mar Aba I) affirms Chalcedon

531-537,544

Persian Khosro/Khosrau I persecutes Nestorians

540-545

He had married a Christian wife, and had a Christian son, who tried to seize power after a rumor he had died. Khosro I sacked Antioch in 540 A.D.

Codex Fuldensis (Oldest Vulgate manuscript. No 1 Jn 5:7)

546

Dionysius Exiguus, historian

died 545

First to date history from 1 A.D.

Ferrancus deacon of Carthage

c.546/547

Julian of Halicarnassus starts the Phantasiastes sect

527-549

Phantasiastes split from Monophysites, saying Christ's body was incorruptible

Liturgy of James (never actually said by James)

before 550

John of Apamaeus

6th century

Mark the Hermit of Tarsus

6th century

Codex Claromontanus (Dp)

6th century

p33/p58

6th century

E (Acts)

6th century

H (=013/015)

6th century

N (=022)

6th century

Wolfenbuttel (P) (=024)

6th century

Dublin (Z) (=035)

6th century

Xi (=040)

6th century

p2, p11/p14, p36, p76, p83, p84, p96, p124, 060, 066

6th century

067, 070, 073, 078, 079, 082, 085, 086, 087, 091, 094

6th century

0143, 0147, 0184, 0187

6th century

0198, 0208, 0222, 0223, 0225

6th century

0237, 0260, 0266, 0282, 0285/081, 0292, 0293, 0296

6th century

pseudo-Eusebius On the Star

7.5

6th century

Leontius of Jerusalem/Byzantium ex-Nestorian, against Nestorians, Monophysites, Eutyches

543/550

Apringius of Beja, Portugal, Comm. on Rev.

after 551

Strain on the Judgment of the Lord –likely by Verecundus of Junca, Africa

fl.552

Life of Mar Aba

11.7

after 552

Primasius Comm. on the Apocalypse

after 552

Zechariah of Mytilene. historian

487-553

Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) re-condemns Nestorius, Pelagianism, Origen & admirers

May 553

Vigilius’ letter to Constantinople II Council

553

7th Persian Synod

554

Creates metropolitans for Merv and Rewardashir

Armenian Apostolic Church 2nd Council of Dvin. Rejected Chalcedon

554

Paschasius of Dumiun/Dumin

555

Romanos the Melodist

556

Cyril of Scythopolis, Palestine (monk)

543-558/559

8th Persian Council

566/567

Victor of Tunis

after 566

Gildas the Wise of Rhuys (England & Ireland )

c.570

Henana of Nisibis Heretic against Nestorianism

571

Facundus of Hermiane, north Africa. interpreter of Cyprian

c.571

Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts

527-568, 572

Copts are Monophysites, teaching Jesus’ humanity & divinity are only one nature

Martin of Braga, Spain

c.13

550-577

M. Aurelius Cassiodorus Comm. on Ps, Rev

-560/c.580

Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews

589-591

The Magi martyr Golinduch and other Persian Christians

Jews persecuted in France

554,561,582

Jews were forced to convert or be expelled

9h Nestorian Persian Synod

585

Condemns the teachings of Henana of Nisibis

Monophy. John of Ephesus (tortured pagans)

c.507-c.586

3rd Council of Toledo, Spain under Leander of Seville

May 589

Visigoth king Reccared renounces Arianism, and all accept Chalcedonian Creed. 23 anathemas against Arians. First use of filioque clause. Restrictions on Jews.

Evagrius Scholasticus, church historian

593

Columba of Iona, Scotland (poetry in Latin)

ca.597

Nestorian Council called by Mar Babai II

597/599

Allowed priests and bishops to be married, as Mar Babai II was.

Thomas of Cana

500?-600?

Syrian merchant and missionary to Kerala, India

Licinian of Cartagena, Spain

550-600

An estimated 20 million Christians

by 600 A.D.

according to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126

Term “Sacrifice of the Mass” first used

ca.600

p26

ca.600

p43, p44, p116, 083, 0194

6/7th century

Leander of Seville, Spain. brother of Isidore

c.24

579-600/601

Gregory I of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial)

239 ½

590-605

Eulogius of Alexandria

607

Venantius Fortunatus’ Poem on Easter

1 ½

ca.530-609

Armenian Apostolic Church 3rd Council of Dvin

609-610

Arian Visigoths in Spain

612/613

Jews forced either to convert to Arianism or be enslaved

Antiochus Mar Saba

614

Persians kill thousands of Christians in Jerusalem

614/615

After the Persians captured Jerusalem they killed many of the Christians. Jews, who were not allowed in Jerusalem, killed many Christians too.

Irish monk Columbanus

590-615

Missionary to the Picts and Scots of Scotland

Harclean Syriac (Harklensis) (SyrH)

616

John Moschus. Spiritual Meadow narrates miracles and against heresies

578-619

2nd Synod of Seville, Spain

618/619

Gospel of pseudo-Matthew

600-625

Council of Rheims (in northern France)

c.625

Gospel of the Nativity of Mary

3 ½

after 625

Babai "the Great", Nestorian historian. Expelled married monks. Wrote On the Union

c.600-628

Jews persecuted in Constantinople and France

628

Jews forced to convert in Constantinople & France

Alcison of Nicopolis

early 6th cent.

4th Council of Toledo, Spain

Dec. 633

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

Muslim conquests against non-Muslims

634-

Muslims invaded from Syria to France, and from Persia to India

Alopen brings Nestorian Christianity to China

635

Irish monk Aiden of Lindisfarne

c.635

Missionary to the Picts and Scots in Scotland

Isidore of Seville, scholar Etymologiae

601-636

5th Council of Toledo, Spain

636

Monothelite-leaning Pope Honorius of Rome

625-638

Anathematized as a heretic by 3rd Council of Constantinople in 680

6th Council of Toledo, Spain (53 bishops)

Jan, 638

Against Jews. Excommunicate Traitors; bishops abroad against emperor penitents until death

Sahdone/Sahdona (=Martyrius) (On Psalms)

c.635-640

Chronicle of Alexandria

640

A Chinese princess

642

contributes money to rebuild the Church of St. Mary in Northwestern Iran

7th Council of Toledo, Spain (41 bishops)

Nov, 646

Same as 5th Council. Against Jews

Lateran Council condemns monothelites (150 bishops)

649

Oecumenius (sinlessness of Mary)

550-650

Ananias of Shiraly, Armenia

ca.600-650

Syriac Peshita (SyrP)

600/650

Cogitosus of Kildare. Wrote a biography of Brigid of Kildare

c.650

Andreas

7th century

Modestus of Jerusalem (Mary the new Eve)

7th century

pseudo-Athanasius

7th century

p31, p34, 096, 097, 098, 099, 0102, 0106/0119, 0107, 0108, 0109, 0111, 0145, 0167, 0183, 0204, 0209, 0210, 0239, 0262, 0275

7th century

0303

7th century?

Braulio of Saragossa Life of St. Aemilianus

631-651

Constantine of Mananalis, started Paulicans

657

Also called Euchites, they were ascetic, vegetarian Gnostics

Maximus Confessor of Constantinople Chalcedonian

c.638-658

Letter of Columbanus to Gregory

before 664

Synod of Whitby to fix the date of Easter

664

Ildefonsus of Toledo. Perpetual Virginity of Mary

c.650-667

John Climacus (John of the Ladder)

before 670

Arbogast of Strasburg

-678

Missionary to Alsace. He was either from Scotland, Ireland or Aquitaine.

Monothelites, orthodox/monophysite compromise

633-680

Pope Agatho to the 3rd Council of Constant.

6.5

Nov 15, 680

3rd council of Constantinople (6th ecumenical)

680-681

Constantine Mananalis

657-684

Athanasius II Baldoyou Syrian Orthodox Patriarch

645-686

Killian/Cillian of Kildare

c.660-689

Irish missionary to Germany. Martyred in Wurzburg

Julian of Toledo. Wrote on messianic prophecies and persecuting Jews

c.670-690

John of Nikiu: Copt historian. Islam was God’s punishment against Chalcedonians

c.680-690

Quinisext Council (=Council in Trullo)

692

Arian Visigoths persecute Jews in Spain

623-693

Jews were killed, forced to convert, or expelled from Toledo & Spain

John of Nikiou, Egypt (wrote against Islam)

696

Apocalypse of pseudo-Methodius

late 7th cent.

Written in north Syria, it describes Muslim conquest and a future Roman deliverer.

Nineveh (=the Syrian) (Nestorian) ascetic wrote on the inner life

c.700/7th cent.

p43, 0277, 0281, 0291

7/8th century

0289

7/8th century?

The Avenging of the Savior (Legend of Veronica)

7/8th century

Anastasius of Antioch (= of Sinaita)

died c.700

James of Edessa

c.700

Timothy I

after 700

Buddhist Empress Wu Zetian persecutes Nestorians

698-705

Burned Nestorian churches and monasteries in China

Frankish Rupert of Salzburg

700-710

Missionary along the Danube River

Judaism outlawed in Constantinople

722

Judaism illegal in the capital

Roman Pope Gregory III (defender of icons)

Condemns iconoclasm and supports icons

Bede the Venerable, English historian. Finished translating John on his deathbed in 735.

731-735

Willibrord, Apostle to the Frisians

c.695-739

One of the first to reach the Frisians in the Netherlands. His father knew Alcuin.

Andrew of Crete, hymn writer. He was the first to claim Luke draw a secret picture of Jesus.

712-726/740

Anastasius Abba

740

Fabricius

740-742

Leontius of Neapolis Life of Symeon

mid 7th cent.

John of Damascus (defender of icons & relics)

706-749

Aduius and the Audians of Mesopotamia

706-749

Epiphanius wrote against them. Accepted the Gnostic Apocryphon of John.

Codex Amiatinus (No 1 Jn 5:7)

700-750

Hesychius, Pros Theodoulon

c.750?

L(e)

8th century

p42, 095, 0101, 0126, 0127, 0146, 0148, 0161, 0229, 0234, 0238

8th century

John the Elder of Mt. Qardu, N. Iraq (monk)

8th century

Synod of Hieria/Hiereia (=Council of Constantinople V) (333 bishops against icons)

754

"the unlawful art of painting living creatures blasphemed the fundamental doctrine of our salvation--namely, the Incarnation of Christ, & contradicted the six holy synods”

Boniface, missionary to the Germans

c.716-Jun 754

Cut down the Donar Oak dedicated to a German god. Killed by Frisian bandits.

Uighurs convert from Nestorianism to Manichaeism

762

In central Asia/western China, Uighurs abandon Nestorian Christian roots.

Lateran Synod/Council

769

Catholic synod supports icons and condemns the Council of Hieria

John the Anchorite of Beth Mari Qanon. Lives of Female Saints & Martyrs (has Sinaitic Syria palimpsest)

358

778

Nestorian Ta-ch'in-ching-chiao stele in Xian

781

2nd Council of Nicea (7th ecumenical)

787

Both Catholics and Orthodox condemn Adoptionism, and the Council of Hieria. Restored icons. Every church that is built should have a relic.

Charlemagne kills Saxons who don’t convert

787

After defeating the Saxons, Charlemagne killed 14K who would not convert

Georgius Syncellus Chronicle

790

Cosmas of Maiuma / Jerusalem. Iconophile

743-773/794

Hymn writer, foster brother of John of Damascus. Wrote on Gregory Nanzianzus

Beatus

798

The Donation of Constantine fraud giving western Roman Empire to the Popes

750-800

0279, 0298

8/9th century

Beatus of Liebana, Spain. Commentary on the Apocalypse. Compiled words of prior Christians

776-c.800

Alcuin of York (scholar under Charlemagne)

782-804

Muslim caliph Harun al-Rashid tears down churches

807

Benedict of Aniane, France

780-821

Timothy I, Nestorian Patriarch. Apology for Christianity

780-823

Theodore Abu Qurrah, Arabian who debated monophysites

813-820/825

Theodore the Studite/Stoudite (Orthodox, icons)

759-826

Claudius of Turin, iconoclast, all bishops equal

810-827

Nicephorus I of Constantinople (Stichiometry)

806-828

Isho Ben Nun (Nestorian) Select Questions

823-828

Abd al-Masih ibn Isaq al-Kindi (court official who wrote to convert a Muslim)

830

Synod of Langres, France

830

Synod of Thionville, (Diedenhofer), France

835

Georgius Monachus (Hamartolos) chronicler against iconoclasts

after 842

Taoist Chinese Emperor Wu persecutes Buddhists and Nestorians

840-846

Non-violent but severe persecution. Much land was tied up by Buddhist monasteries. Nestorian Christianity was never as prominent in China again.

Amulo of Lyons Against the Jews to King Charles

ca.847

Council of Mayence (Mainz), Germany

848

Condemned Gottschalk for double predestination. Imprisoned him for 20 years

Amalarius of Metz (= of Symphosius) liturgist

847

Muslim caliph al-Mutawakkil persecutes Christians

849/850

Muslims invaded from Syria to France, and from Persia to India

Kerala copper plates give details of Christians in India

c.850

Isho’dad of Merv. Syrian commentary on the NT

c.852

Rabanus Maurus of Mainz, Bible commentator

c.776-856

Photian Schism under Photius patriarch of Constantinople

857

Constantinople and Rome divide over Roman Pope supreme and adding the Holy Spirit sent "and the Son" after "by the Father"

False Decretals, probably by Isidore Mercator. Know to be fake by 1100 A.D. (100 letters)

847-859

Paschasius Radbertus

786-865

Ansger/Anskar of Hamburg, Apostle to the North

820-865

Missionary in Scandinavia. 829 evangelized the Swedes

Rudolf of Fulda, Hesse. Important writer

died 865

Gottschalk of Orbais (against Rabanus Maurus)

840-866

Taught double predestination before Calvinists. Imprisoned for 20 years, where he became mentally deranged.

Paschasius Ratremus of Corbie On the Eucharist

744-868

Donatus of Fiesole

850-876

Teacher and poet from Galway, Ireland

John Scotus Eirugena (Irish-born), Neo-Platonist theologian who succeeded Alcuin under Charlemagne. Believed in pre-existence of souls

c.848-c.877

Theodore Bar-Konai Book of Scholia (description of heresies)

end of 8th century

Byzantine Lectionaries

9th century-

Codex Vallicellianus (written in Tours)

9th century

Codex Cavensis (has 1 Jn 5:7)

9th century

Apocalypse of the Holy Mother of God Concerning Chastisements

5 ½

9th century?

Sedulius Scotus (Suadbar) of Ireland. Bible commentator, logician, 90 poems

9th century

Pseudo-Zephyrinus of Rome. Two Letters

9th century

John Malela Chronicles

c.850

Arabic codex 151 Acts, Paul, Hebrews, general epistles

867

It used “Yesuah”, not “Isa” for Jesus.

Synod of Douzy, France

871

Synod of Pontion, France

876

Anastasius Bibliothecarius (librarian, historian)

858-878

Synod of Lyons, France

886

Photius I (the Great) of Constantinople

c.858-891

Cadaver Synod condemns Pope Formosus

Jan. 897

Roman Pope Stephen (VI) VII convicts dead Roman Pope Formosus.

Regino of Prum Chronicon (Chronicler)

892-915

Moses Bar Kepha

died 903

Remigius of Auxerre. Commentaries on Gen, Ps

867-908

Jewish Aleppo Codex of the Old Testament

c.920

Arethas of Caesarea. commentaries on the Apocalypse and Marcus Aurelius' Meditations.

fl.932

Saadya Gaon makes the 1st Arabic translation of the Pentateuch

892-942

Suidas

980

Jesus Sutras of Mogao cave near Dunhuang blended Nestorian, Buddhist, and Taoist thought

635-1000 A.D.

Simon Metaphrastes Martyrdom of Shamuna, Guria & Habib

5.5

800-1000

Jewish Leningrad Codex of the Old Testament

c.1008

Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews

1004-1012

Egyptian Fatimid Caliph Hakim terrorizes pilgrims & desecrates Jerusalem in 1009

Kerait Mongol tribe becomes Christian

1009

According to Abdisho of Merve’s report to John VI

Symeon the New Theologian

979-1022

Burchard of Worms, wrote a canon law

c.1000-1025

Abu’l Faraj ‘Abdulla ibn-at-Tayyib

- Oct 1043

Codex Ambrosianus (5 Gothic manuscripts)

6th to 11th c.

Council of Rheims under Pope Leo IX

1049

Declared that the Pope is primary as the success of Peter

Antoninus Melissa Loci Communes. Collection of sentences

11th century

John the Deacon

11th century

Wrote On the Veneration of Saints and Against Soul Sleep

Great Schism of the Catholic & Orthodox churches

1054

After Orthodox closed all Catholic Churches in their lands, the two sides met, and excommunicated each other. Both sides repealed this in 1964.

Cedranus Compendium of History

1060

Theophylact

1080

Philip Monotropos orthodox monk

c.1080

Wrote Diotropa (The Mirror). Wrote on veneration of saints and against soul sleep

Eustratius Garidas of Constantinople (against soul sleep)

1081-1084

Berengar of Tours (against transubstantiation)

1050-1088

Miketa of Stethatos, disciple of Symeon

c.1025-c.1090

Guitmund of Aversa, Normandy

1060-1095

Norman invasion was wrong. Defended transubstantiation against Berengar. The decay of the elements is only a deception of our senses.

Over 12,000 Jews killed in Germany

1096

During the 1st Crusade, Jews said to be worst enemies after Muslims

Apocalypse of Sedrach

5 ½

900-1100

Glycus Annals

1120

John Zonaras (commented on Peter of Alex.)

1120

Peter Alfonsi. Shield of the Trinity diagram

fl.1120

Born a Jew in Muslim Spain, he became an apologist against Judaism and Islam

Jews expelled from Flanders (Belgium)

1121

Jews told they had to repent of killing Christ

Eadmer of Canterbury, disciple of Anselm. champion of the immaculate conception

died c.1123-1126

Rupert of Deutz (=Rupert Tuitiensis) Benedictine

1080-1129

Hugh of Cherbourg. Founded Carthusian Order

1080-1132

He opposed Pope Callistus II. Canonized only two years after his death.

Hildebert de Lavardin of Tours

d.1133 A.D.

Oderic Vitalis. English Benedictine monk. Son of French priest and English mother.

1110-1142

Ecclesiastical History. A reliable historian who wrote from the birth of Christ to 1142.

Robert Pullus. Wrote the main theological textbook until Peter Lombard's Sentences

c.1133-c.1147

2nd Crusade: French monk Rudolph says kill all Jews

1146-1148

Jews are protected by Emperor Conrad & the monk Bernard of Clairvaux

Kabbalah Jewish mysticism

12th century -

Chronicle of Michael the Syrian

12th century

Dionysius Bar Salibi

12th century

Arnold/Arnauldus of Brescia. Church and priests should not be rich or own property. Hanged but never declared a heretic.

c.1139-1155

Peter Lombard. Wrote Sentences. Used by many, including Luther and Calvin

1142-1160

Gerhoh of Reichersberg

1119-1169

Gotfridus Viterbiensis

1170

Hildegard of Bingen, mystic nun, Gospel commentator, scientist, moralist, musician

c.1142-1174

Petrus Comestor, Bible historian

c.1148-c.1178

King Philip expels all Jews from France

1181-1188

Philip recalls the Jews back 7 years later

Coronation of Richard the Lion-hearted in England

1189

Many Jews killed, houses burned, crown confiscated over 8 million marks

Cretian of Troyes created the Holy Grail story

1190

At one point 18 churches at the same time had the relic of the Holy Grail.

Theodore Balsamon of Antioch (commented on Peter of Alexandria)

1183-1195

Anonymous Life of Paul of Latros

before 1196

Michael, Patriarch of the Syrian Orthodox church

1166-1199

Liturgy of Mark (used at Alexandria)

ms. 1100–1200

Michael Glykas (= Sikiditis) historian, theologian. Opposed the Byzantine Emperor

c.1140-1200

Wrote extensively on history, including creation through the Old Testament

Constantine Stilbes

1150-1200

Radulfus Ardens, wrote Universal Mirror

died c.1200

Joachim of Fiore, mystic

1174-1201/1202

Condemned by Aquinas for postulating 3 Ages: Age of the Father (before the law), Age of the Son (under the law), and Age of the Holy Spirit (under grace).

Alain de Lille. French theologian and poet. Mystic against scholasticism.

c.1150-1203

Albigenses/Cathars (similar to Manichees. Catholics exterminated)

1100-1208

Adam of Dryburgh, wrote many sermons

c.1184-c.1212

Peter of Poitiers. Wrote on Ex, Lev, Num, Ps

c.1179-c.1215

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

4th Lateran Council

1215

Pivotal council that formalized 7 sacraments, transubstantiation, relationship to the clergy. Issued restrictions against the Jews.

Stephen Langton. Write on almost all books of the Old Testament

1207-1228

Council of Toulouse

1229

Hunt heretics. Non-clergy forbidden to read any non-Latin Bible, except a psalter or breviary

Council of Tarragona ratified the Council of Toulouse

1234

“No one may possess the books of the Old and New Testaments, and if anyone possesses them he must turn them over to the local bishop within eight days, so that they may be burned…”

15th or so Synod of Arles, against Albigensians

1234 & 1236

Jean Baussan presided

Alexander of Hales. Aristotelian scholastic

1220-1245

Pondered: would Christ have been incarnated if people had never sinned?

John of la Rochelle. Wrote on the soul

c.1238-1245

Serapion of Vladimir (near Kiev) 5 Sermons

c.1240-1245

Mongol invasion was God's punishment for people's sins

Robert Grossetest of England. theologian, poet, bishop, wrote on the scientific method

c.1220-1253

Testament of Abraham (present form of long version)

8 ½

13th century

Thomas of Celano (Franciscan hymnist)

1225-1265

First Council of Lyon under embattled Pope Innocent IV (150 bishops + 100 others)

1245

Deposed the King Sancho II of Portugal in favor of his older brother, and excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who was besieging Rome

Franciscan monk Berthold of Ratisbon

1246-1270

One of the most important preachers of repentance in the 13th century

Nine Crusades

1189-1272

To retake Israel (& capture Constantinople), gain land & money

Ulrich of Strasburg. Disciple of Albert Magnus. Summa de Bono

1265-1272

Thomas Aquinas - Aristotelian theologian

1248-1274

Bonaventure (Giovanni di Fidanza)

c.1253-1274

2nd Council of Lyons

1274

Jacobus de Voraigne of Genoa

1275

Albert Magnus of Cologne, Germany

1245-1280

Aristotelian theologian. Also wrote on science, astrology, law. Preached the 8th crusade. He influenced Thomas Aquinas.

Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. alphabetical summary of Church fathers. Opposed Aristotelianism,

1272-1279

Dominican Raymond Martini. Apologist to Jews and Muslims

1264-1284

Gregory Bar-Hebraeus, west-Syrian historian

1226-1286

Write Storehouse of Secrets a commentary on the Bible. Miaphysite who accepted Orthodox and Nestorian Christians too.

Mongol Kublai Khan asked the Pope to send 100 Christian teachers to teach

1286

The pope sent 7. In 1295 the Mongols start to convert to Islam.

Uyghur/Ongud Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma

1287-1288

Travelled from Beijing/Khanbaliq to Tuscany, Paris, and Rome to try to forge a Franco-Mongol alliance. Met with Pope Nicholas IV

John Pecham, Archibishop of Canterbury, Opposed Aristotelianism; debated Aquinas twice

1279-1292

Henry of Ghent (Doctor Solemnis)

1276-1293

Mechthild of Magdeburg, mystic nun

c.1230-1294

Pope Boniface VII Clericis Laicos

1296

Excommunicates clergy who pay secular taxes. English King Edward outlaws priests in England

Hugh of Balma (Hugh of Dorche)

c.1250-c.1297

Jacob da Voragine (=Jacobo de Fazio)

1244-1298

Chronicler. Wrote The Golden Legend about the lives of the saints.

Nestorian work The Pearl (The Marganitha)

1298

Peter John Olivi. Franciscan extreme poverty. Invented papal infallibility on official statements

c.1279-1298

Peter Quesnel, Franciscan in Norwich, England

died 1299?

Boniface VII's papal bull Unam Sanctam.

1302

French king Philip captures and tortures Pope Boniface VII for heresy. Others free him, but he dies a month later. The next pope, Benedict XI, dies mysteriously after a month. The next pope, Clement V, is France's puppet.

Roger Marston, pupil of John Pecham

-c.1303

King Philip the Fair expels Jews from France

1306

100,000 Jews banished

John Duns Scotus Erigenus, pupil of Roger Marston. Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. Pre-existence of souls

1300-1308

James of Viterbo (Giacomo Viterbo), pupil of Giles of Rome

died 1308

Giles of Rome, pupil of Thomas Aquinas

1272-1316

Muslims massacre Christians in Arbela, (modern Iraq)

1310

Raymond Llull. Inspired by Francis of Assisi, mathematician who influenced Leibnitz, Catalan and Arabic writer, missionary to Muslims.

1274-1314/1315

Spent 9 years studying Arabic. Advocated converting Muslims by persuasion, not force. He started schools to train missionaries to Muslims. Stoned to death by Muslims in Tunis.

Last Nestorian Persian Synod elects Timothy II as Patriarch

1318

Over 5,000 Jews burned in Guienne, France

1321

Accused of having wells poisoned

Pope John XXII, who was against Franciscans, issued the bull Qui quorundam.

1324

In the bull Qui quorundam he says papal infallibility is “the work of the devil.” He was pope for 18 years after that. Some Catholics consider this pope a heretic.

French king Louis deposes Pope John XXII for heresy

1328

The next pope, Nicholas V was deposed in 1329 when Louis left Rome.

Marsilius of Padua, later archbishop of Milan, persecutes catholic clergy loyal to John XXII

1328-

Meister Eckhart. strange mystical views

c.1294-c.1328

Durandus of Saint-Pourcain

c.1313-1332

Wrote commentaries on Peter Lombard's Sentences

Thomas Waleys, Dominican friar

1333

Imprisoned for saying saints and purified souls see God immediately after death.

Muslims massacre Christians in Almaliq

1339

Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro. Commentary on Peter Lombard’s Sentences

c.1300-1342

Marsiglio of Padua. Italian scholar and doctor who argued against the Pope’s supremacy

1320-1342

Gregory Akindos (against Ascetic Hesychasts)

-c.1347

Barlaam of Seminara – against Hesychasm

1333-1348

John of Monte Corvino

1247-1348

Franciscan missionary to India and China

Over 11,000 Jews burned to death in Germany

1348

Jews blamed for the Black Plague

Thomas Bradwardine, mathematician, astronomer, archbishop of Canterbury

1321-1349

Wrote against Pelagianism. Thought stars had an influence on people's character.

Gregory Palamas, defender of Hesychasm (senseless prayer)

1335-1359

Richard FitzRalph of Armagh - dominion doctrine

1328-1360

Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus Ecclesiastical History. Poem on the Gospels

ca.1320-1360

Johannes Tauler. Disciple of Meister Eckhart and universalist

1330-1361

Henry Suso. Disciple of Meister Eckhart

c.1327-1366

Catherine of Sienna

1347-1380

Macarius Chrysocephalus of Constantinople

1300-1382

John Wycliffe & the Lollards in England

1367-1382

Geert Groote founder of the Brethren of Common Life (=Modern Devotion Movement), which was a key influence on Thomas a Kempis

1366-1384

After studying philosophy and science, a lay Christian who became helped the poor, started schools, and a missionary preacher who preached against clerical abuses until the Pope forbade non-clergy from preaching. Died nursing plague victims.

Luther studied under the Brethren of Common Life.

Otto of Passau The 24 Elders, or the Golden Throne of Loving Souls

fl.1386

St. Stephen

died 1396

Missionary to Georgia

Henry of Langenstein, Germany. theologian, mathematician, wrote against astrology

1368-1397

The Cloud of Unknowing

1350-1400

Muslim Tamerlane sacks Baghdad

1401

Tamerlane massacres thousands of Muslims and Christians

Muslim Tamerlane killed 17 million, 5% world pop.

1360-1405

Slaughtered Hindus, fellow Muslims, and almost extinguished Nestorians

Nicholas Magni, disciple of Matthew of Krakow Tractatus de supersticionibus

1405

Henry of Kalkar. Theologian, musician, ascetic

c.1357-1408

The Bible in English is illegal in England

1408

Illegal to translate or read the Bible in English without the bishop's consent

Matthew of Krakow

1382-1410

Jean Petit, in the pay of Burgundy, justified killing those considered as tyrants

1408-1411

Jan Hus & the Hussites in Bohemia

1404-7/6/1415

Julian of Norwich, English Anchorite

1373-1416

Western Schism of dueling Catholic popes

1378-1417

Popes in both Rome and Avignon, France, ended by the Council of Constance

Council of Constance

1414-1418

Ends the great schism and burns Jan Hus at the stake. Three Ethiopian envoys present.

Pope Martin V issues papal bull

Mar 17, 1420

Crusade to exterminate followers of Wycliffe, Huss, & other heretics

Dominican monk Vincent of Ferrier

1335-1419

Converted many Jews and non-violently persecuted others

Thomas a Kempis The Imitation of Christ

ca.1418-1427

One of the most-widely read Christian books in the Middle Ages and after. Influenced Thomas Moore, Jesuits, and John Wesley.

Jean Gerson. Against Jean Petit.

c.1395-1429

Major theologian at the council of Constance.

Hussite Wars

1419-1434

After Catholics executed Jan Hus, they invaded Bohemia and Hungary

Catalan Raymond of Sabunde Natural Theology. Influence Blaise Pascal

1434-1436

Matthew Doring helps depose Pope Eugene IV

1439

Synod of Florence

1439

Lorenzo Valla refuted The Donation of Constantine

1440

Papal bull Cantate Domino at the Council of Florence

1442

Forbade anyone to observe the Sabbath or be circumcised

Nicole Boillet (St. Colette)

1406-3/1447

She founded the Colette Poor Clares under (Avignon) Antipope Benedict XIII. Canonized as a Catholic saint later

Medieval Christians: Cath., Orthodox, Copts

c.500-c.1500

Muslim Qur’an or Sunni hadiths (5 collections)

c.609-

Some moderate Muslims

Peter Waldo/Valdes and the Waldenses in It., Fr., Sp.

1174/1175-1532

Hadmannus Schedelius Chronicle

1450

Albert Suho. wrote on theology and history from creation to 1452

1447-1452

Zinzendorf & the Moravian Brethren

1457-

Nicholas of Cusa. Theologian and astronomer

1434-1464

Matthew Doring. The Precious Blood of Wilsnack

1432-1469

Wrote on the primary of church councils over the pope. The communion wine miraculously survived when the church in Wilsnack burned down.

Gennadios II (Scholarios) learned patriarch of Constantinople

1438-1472

Johannes van Goch. German Augustinian monk

1400-1475

Reformer before the Reformation. Preached returning to the Bible, against Pelagianism

Trithenius, Abbot of Scripture

c.1480

Johanne Ruchrat von Wesel. German Thomist Scholastic

1445-1481

Reformer before the Reformation. Scripture is the rule of faith. Against indulgences.

Heinrich von Dissen. many commentaries & sermons

c.1437-1484

Wessel Gansfort “A reformer before the Reformation”

1470-1489

A renounced scholar, offered to be made bishop but declined, asking for a copy of the scriptures in Hebrew instead

Gabriel Biel. Brethren of the Open Life, a founder of the University of Tubingen

1460-1495

Wrote Sentences of Peter Lombard, which influenced Martin Luther, and Canon of the Mass.

Portuguese Captain Pedro Alvares Cabral

1500

Brought 17 Roman Catholic missionaries to Goa

An estimated 100 million Christians

by 1500 A.D.

according to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126

Paulus Scriptoris, Franciscan monk & mathematician

1498-1505

Wrote a commentary on Duns Scotus. Catholic church exiled him for denying transubstantiation

Johann Geiler Kaisenberg, famous evangelist

1475-1510

5th Lateran Council. Condemns soul sleep

1513

Jacques Almain. Opponent of Cajetan

1512-1515

He and John Mair favored church councils over the Pope

Portuguese forcibly convert Nestorians

1498

Portuguese force Nestorians to convert to Catholicism in India

Franciscan Cardinal Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros

1436-1517

Worked to reform the Catholic Church in Spain and Portugal

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

Martin Luther nails 95 Theses to Wittenberg church door

Oct 31, 1517

Magnus Hundt

c.1487-1519

Man in the image of God. A founder of anthropology.

Complutensian Polyglot by Bishop Ximenes of Spain

1517/1520

Hebrew, Targum Onkelos, Latin, and Greek

English king persecutes the Lollards

1413-1532

Not too many executed

Crusade against the Waldenses

1487-1545-

Pope Innocent VIII orders a crusade to exterminate the Waldenses

Michael Sattler. Pacifist Anabaptist

1490-5/20/1527

Austrians executed him for being an Anabaptist. Unfortunately he believed in soul-sleep

1490-May 20, 1527 soul-sleep

Sylvester Mazzolini, first theologian to publicly attack Martin Luther

1515-1527

Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, Swiss Anabaptist

1521-1527-

Swiss Anabaptist Schleitheam Confession

1527

Balthasar Hubmaier (Anabaptist)

1480-1528

Ten Conclusions of Berne (Zwinglian)

1528

Tetrapolitan Confession (German Reformed) by Capito and Bucer

1530

Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer, & Zwinglians (67 Articles or Conclusions of Ulrich Zwingli)

1454-1531

Johannes Oecolampadius Zwinglian

1519-1531

High view of venerating Mary, but said Catholics went too far. The rosary had 150 praises to Mary and only 10 to God. Held Mary always a virgin. (Friendly) debates with Erasmus, Zwingli, Luther, and Bucer.

Simon Fish Supplication for Beggars

1530-1531

Condemned as a heretic for being against the church amassing wealth while the poor suffered. Against purgatory & indulgences. Spread Tyndale’s Bible.

James Bainham, English Reformer & lawyer

1532

Promoted Tyndale. Against Thomas Becket. Burned by Roman Catholics

Church of England (Anglican Church)

1534

Henry VIII split from Rome when they would not let him annul his marriage. Acts of Supremacy: The King/Queen of England is the head of the Church of England.

English Catholic Thomas More, a man for all seasons. Advisor to Henry VII, later executed.

1504-1535

Executed for opposing Henry’s annulments and leaving the Catholic church. Sometimes self-flagellated. Educated his daughters just as well as his sons.

Melchior Hoffman, his 12 apostles, Johann Matthijs and the Munster Anabaptists

2/1534- 6/1535

Violently took over Munster until Roman Catholics killed them.

Cardinal Thomas Cajetan (opponent of Luther)

1494-1536

Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (Catholic Bible scholar)

1469-1536

William Tyndale. Bible translator. Believed in soul sleep

1515- Oct 6, 1536

1st Helvetic Confession

1536

Andreas Althamer, Lutheran theologian

1528-1539

Wrote a Lutheran catechism before Luther did. At the Bern Disputation in 1528

Heinrich Bullinger

fl.1539

Wolfgang Capito German Protestant,

1524-1541

With Martin Bucer wrote the Tetrapolitan Creed

Diet of Retisbon / Regensburg

1541

Attempted Protestant Catholic reconciliation

Roman Catholic Gaspar Cortarini

1483-1542

Wrote On the Office of the Bishop

Albert Pighius. Debated Calvin in predestination

1522-1542

Roman Catholic theologian, mathematician, and astronomer

Sebastian Franck

1531-1542

Against the Trinity. Forced by Bucer, Melanchthon and Philip of Hesse to move out.

Nicholaus Copernicus Catholic astronomer. 70 years later Pope Paul V against this and Galileo.

1473-1543

Protestants Luther, John Owen, and Wilhelm Gnapheus thought earth going around the sun unbiblical. Melanchthon taught government should use force to suppress this.

Johann Eck Roman Catholic counter-reformist

1506-1543

Mentor of Hubmaier, against Osiander defending the Jews, “a blasphemous race”. Advocated force against Luther and Lutherans

Martin Luther, or conservative Lutherans

1483-1546

Frederich Myconius, pastor and Luther’s helper

c.1520-1546

About to die in 1540, Luther wrote commanding him to live, and he lived 6 more years

Angela Merici found the Ursulines

1535-1540

Education for girls. Officially called the Companions of St. Ursula

Luther preaches to kill Jews & Anabaptists

1537-1546

Luther changed his view on killing Anabaptists in his last sermon.

Anti-Trinitarians Council of Venice

1550

Libertine Spiritualists. Marguerite de Navarre, Quintin de Hainaut and Anthony Pocquet

1548-

Three ages: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Those in the H.S. age don’t need to concern themselves with the other aspects. Calvin wrote against them.

Martin Bucer. Mediator for Luther & Zwingli

1523-1551

Influence Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism. Thought Catholics would all be persuaded to become Protestants.

Council of the 100 Chapters (Stoglav) Moscow (Orthodox, icons)

1551

Inquisition in Toledo, Spain

1551

Banned the Bible in Spanish. The ban was rescinded in 1790.

Andreas Osiander (Roman Catholic) wrote a harmony of the gospels

1522-1552

Justification by faith “instilled” rather than “ascribed as Luther and Calvin said. Refuted scandalous attacks against Jewish people.

Michael Servetus against the Trinity. Son created at conception. Unitarians, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Oneness Pentecostals have all claimed him as like them. Believe in soul sleep.

1531-1553

Calvinists persecute Anabaptists

1527-1810

Switzerland repealed persecution laws against Anabaptists in 1810.

Johann Mathesius, Lutheran

1540-1555

Published Table Talk of Luther’s teachings at meals.

Caspar Hedio. Protestant reformer and world historian

1519-1556

present at the Marburg Colloquy and Diet of Worms. Friend of Bucer & Melanchthon

Thomas Cranmer [Anglican] archbishop of Canterbury

1527-1556

Worked for Henry VIII’s annulment of marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Said the king is supreme over the church in his realm. Martyred by Catholic Mary Queen of Scots.

Pilgram Marpeck

1528-1556

Moderate south German Anabaptist. Against both legalism, spiritualism and religious violence. Debate Bucer and Schwenkfield.

David Joris. Dutch Anabaptist leader.

1524-1556

200 works. No vengeance, but polygamy OK. Simons thought him too compromising.

Confession of Czengar

1557

The Gallican Confession (de La Rochelle (Huguenot) (Reformed)

1559

Scotch Confession of Faith

1560

Menno Simons, peaceful German Anabaptist, Mennonites

1536-1561-

Caspar Schwenckfeld and the Schwenckenfelder group

1525-1561-

Communion bread and wine a metaphor. Luther expelled him, Zwingli liked him. Like Menno Simon had a strange view of the “heavenly flesh” of Christ.

Belgic Confession (Reformed)

1561

Lelio Sozzini (Socinus) (forbearer of Unitarian heretics)

1554-1562

Anti-Trinitarian who denied the pre-existence of Christ

39 Articles of the Church of England

1562

Roman Catholic Council of Trent

1545-1563

The Heidelberg Catechism

1563

John Calvin, a founder of Reformed theology

1536-1564

2nd Helvetic Confession

1566

Dirk Philips Dutch Mennonite theologian

1534-1568

7 church ordinances: Pure doctrine, sacraments, footwashing, shunning, love, obedience, suffering/persecution. Believed in soul sleep.

John of Avila (6 volumes of writing)

1499-1569

Dirk Willems martyred in Spanish-controlled Netherlands

1569

Dirk Willems escaped from prison, the guard chasing him fell through the ice, and after rescuing the guard, the burgomaster still insisted Dirk be burned to death.

Johannes Brenz Lutheran theologian

1525-1570

Consensus of Sendomir, (Reformed in Poland)

1570

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Aug 23, 1572

French Catholics treacherously kill 5K-30K French Huguenots at Spain’s insistence

John Knox (Scotch Calvinist)

1547-1572

Fiery Calvinist preacher who brought the Reformation to Scotland

Maturinus Corderius (Catholic who taught Calvin and converted to Calvinism)

1540-1574

Laurentius Surius (Carthusian monk historian)

1542-1578

Maronite Council of Qannoubine

1580

Settled on Latin usage for the Maronite church

Theresa of Avila, Carmelite nun, mystic. John of the Cross ministered under her.

1550-1582

Charles Borromeo of Milan. Persecuted Protestants in the counter-Reformation

1538-1584

Lutheran Formula of Concord

1576 & 1584

John Foxe

1552-1587

John of the Cross. Spanish Carmelite, later tortured by other Carmelites for disobeying them, later made a saint

1542-1591

Jesuit scholar Rebeira

1537-1591

Taught Revelation all in the future, and first to teach that the Millennium was in heaven, not on earth.

Lutheran Saxon Visitation Articles (against crypto-Calvinism)

1592

Anglican Churches

1571-

An estimated 125 million Christians

by 1600 A.D.

according to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126

Richard Hooker Influential Anglican theologian. Scripture along, too many Popish rules, against extreme Puritanism

1577-1600

Jesus Luis de Molina (Molinists teach prevenient grace)

1588-1600

Unitarian heretics (later because Unitarian Universalists)

1600-

Denied the deity of Christ and the virgin birth

William Perkins of Cambridge. A Founder of the Puritans

1558-1602

Pierre Charron, Roman Catholic theologian

1588-1603

Wrote on proof of God, the Catholic Church being the true church. The soul is in the ventricles of the brain. Piety, prayers, presents, vows, and suffering appease God.

Tim Cartright. Strict Calvinist

1572-1603

Jacobus Arminius

1588-1605

Heretical Socinian Catechism of Rakow

1605

Dutch Reformed Synod of Dort

1618

Developed the five points of Calvinism (TULIP) against the five points of Arminius

Creed of Metrophanes Critopulus

1625

Cardinal Robert Bellarmine. Against Galileo. Later he was made a saint and doctor of the church.

1567-1621

Fausto Sozzini (Socinus) (forbearer of Unitarian heretics)

1554-1562

Same Anti-Trinitarian view as his uncle Lelio Sozzini

David Blondel, Protestant reformer

1628

Sixtinus Amama, Protestant Dutch scholar

1618-1629

One of the first the emphasize the studying the Bible in the original languages

Cyril Lucar (Loukaris) Greek orthodox patriarch follows Protestant reformers

1629-1631

Ottomans devise the Devsirme system

1383-1638

Required each Christian family to give up one son to be a Muslim Janissary soldier

Galileo Galilei, Christian Astronomer

1564-1642

Jesuit Luis del Alcazar first to each Preterism. All but the last 3 chapters were fulfilled soon after John

1614

Robert Browne. Founder of Brownian English Separatists

c.1575-1633

William Ames, hard Calvinist

1609-1633

Wrote The Marrow of Theology which would cause much controversy a century later

Orthodox Confession of the Eastern Church by Mogilas

1643

Hugo Grotius (Dutch “economic theologist”) The Truth of the Christian Religion. Founder of International Law

1608-1645

Westminster Shorter Catechism

1646-1647

Thirty Years War Catholics vs. Lutherans/France

1618-1648

About 1/4 of Germans perished. Many Protestants and Catholics killed.

Puritans banish Baptists from Massachusetts

1649

They would banish all against baptism of infants

Bogomils, Manichaean/Gnostic

970-1650

Originating from Paulicans, they spread from Greece to France.

Quakers (=The Religious Society of Friends)

1650-

James Ussher, Protestant archbishop of Ireland

1581-1656

Polish Catholics kill Orthodox

-1656

Lelio Sozzini & Socinianism (became Unitarians later)

1550-1658

Denied the deity of Christ, and later the virgin birth. Believed in soul sleep

Waldensian Confession of Faith A Brief Confession of the Reformed Churches of Piedmont

1655

Congregationalist Savoy Declaration of Faith

1658

Quakers worldwide

1660

40K to 60K. Pacifist

Blaise Pascal, Jensenist (a Calvinist Catholic)

1654-1662

Polish brethren (=Reformed Church of Poland)

6/1565-1658

Non-Trinitarian, no Hell, pacifists, soul sleep

Moses/Moise Amyraut. French founder of Amaryldian (4.5 point) Calvinist

1561-1664

Jean Bolland. Jesuit scholar of lives of saints

1630-1665

The Bollandist Society is named after him

Sabbatai Sebi/Zvi Jewish rabbi

Sept. 1666

A Jewish rabbi who claimed to be the Messiah

Great Council of Moscow (Orthodox, icons)

1666-1667

Johannes Koch (Cocceius)

1030-1669

Formulated Federal Headship and Covenant theology. Emphasized Christ in the OT. Sabbath not valid in NT times. Wrote 12 volumes of theology.

Martin Schoock. theologian, historian, scientist

1636-1669

wrote 50 books, including ones on butter, and the Bible vs. Cartesian philosophy

Synod of Jerusalem (decree of Dositheus)

1672

John Milton, taught Roger Williams Hebrew. Wrote Paradise Lost and On the Morning of Christ's Nativity

1626-1674

Confession of the Society of Friends (Quakers)

1675

Gijsbert Voetius Dutch strong Calvinist

1611-1676

Present at the Synod of Dort. Opponent of Coccheius

John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. Traducian

1678

Francois Combefis (Dominican monk historian)

1640-1679

Roger Williams Baptist minister, abolitionist

1631-1683

Said Anglicans corrupt, against living on Indian land without paying the Indians first.

John Owen, influential Puritan

1637-1683

French Edict of Nantes revoked

1685

Huguenots have to leave France

Francis Turretin

1679-1685

Institutes of Elenctic Theology. Primary Princeton theology text until Charles Hodge

Baptist Philadelphia Confession of 1688

1688

Richard Baxter. Puritan who believed in universal atonement and the importance of faith in getting saved (Neonomian). Opposed by John Owen.

1641-1691

George Fox (Quaker)

1650-1691

Synod of Constantinople

1672,1691

Jakob Ammann & the Amish (no modernity)

1693-

An estimated 155 million Christians

by 1700 A.D.

according to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126

Chinese Emperor allows Christianity

1692

2,000 believers to 300K

Abraham a Sancta Clara. Popular Augustinian preacher and monk with coarse humor.

1686-1695

Benjamin Keach. English Particular Baptist, hymn writer. Wrote 43 works

1658-1704

John Locke. Famous economist. Wrote The Reasonableness of Christianity

1688-1704

Ex-Puritan, then Socinian Unitarian, then Arian. Believed in religious toleration for all but atheists. Wrote on human development, politics, and economics

Pierre Bayle, renowned Huguenot Calvinist scholar

1682-1706

theologian, philosopher, and historian. His books’ footnotes were more important than the text! French, fled to Geneva, then Holland.

Early covenant theologians: Heinrich Bullinger, Caspar Alerianus, Johannes Oecolampadius, Zacharius Ursinus, Robbert Rollock, Herman Witsius

1536-1708

George Bull. Anglican priest who wrote on the Trinity and justification

1655-1710

The Caroline Divines

160-1711

Anglican with many Catholic beliefs. Precursor to the Oxford Movement.

Isaac Chauncy, Neonomian and medical doctor

1660-1712

Herman von der Hardt. Bible Commentary

1712

First to deny the view that the anonymous book of Lamentations was by Jeremiah

Gottfried Leibniz, Protestant scientist, mathematician

1666-1716

Co-inventor of Calculus. Wrote on math, probability, science, politics, philosophy, theology. Wrote on the problem of evil, that this was the best of all possible worlds.

Marrow Controversy

1718

Debate in Scottish Presb church William Craig failed ministry certification because he would not agree with: "I believe that it is not sound and orthodox to teach that we must forsake sin in order to our coming to Christ."

Roman Catholic Papal bulls against Jansenists

1653, 1713

Synod of the Russian Church (Orthodox, icons)

1722

Maronite Synod of Mt. Lebanon

1736

Accepted women deacons

Isaac Newton (denied the Trinity, liked Arians)

1642-1727

First Great Awakening in North America & England

1726-1740

Jonathan Edwards, John and Charles Wesley, George Whitfield, others

Benedictine Antoin Calmet

1707-1742

Archbishop Hugh Boulter of Ireland

1724-1742

Forbade Catholic lawyers, judges, voters. During famine brought food to Ulster

Isaac Watts, theologian and logician. 750 hymns

1690-1748

Easter Litany of the Moravian Church

1749

Joseph Butler Analogy of Religion

1718-1752

Ex-Presbyterian, Anglican bishop refuted Deism & Locke’s view of personal identity

Thomas Sherlock, Anglican bishop and apologist

1714-1761

Wrote against Deism defending the Resurrection, miracles, God’s providence

Nathaniel Lardner

1727-1768

ex-Presbyterian Arian, Socinian. Nothing of Jesus existed before Mary

George Whitfield (Great Awakening preacher)

1714-1770

Emmanuel Swedenborg (Last Judgment in 1757, Oneness)

1744-1770

Christian August Crusius

1744-1775

Synod of Constantinople (Orthodox, icons)

1776

Nestorian schism of the Shimun line and the Eliya (hereditary patriarch) line

1553-1780

Catholic Church in communion with the Shimun line from 1553-1590. Today the Nestorian “Chaldean Catholic Church” is in communion with Rome.

Catholicism spreads in Korea, then is persecuted

1785,1791,

1801-1846

None killed in 1791. About 2,000 killed after that.

Methodist Articles of Religion

1784

John Wesley, Arminian, Methodism's founder

1738-1791

An estimated 200 million Christians

by 1800 A.D.

according to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126

Deism. They taught God revealed Himself clearly through nature, but no divine revelation.

1564-1801 -

Prominent deists include John Toland, Matthew Tindal, William Wollaston, Chrales Blount, Henry St. John, First Viscount Bolingbroke, Peter Annet, Thomas Chubb

Joseph Priestly soul sleep, ex-Calvinist Unitarian heretic, famous chemist

1755-1804

Wrote over 150 books, on theology, chemistry, politics, even grammar. Believed in soul sleep and ushering in the new Millennium.

Anglican William Paley Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of Deity

1787-1805

Apologist. Strongly opposed the slave trade. Came up with the watchmaker analogy. Used the teleological argument.

Wilbur Wilberforce

1807

Powerful Christian anti-slavery speaker and member of the British Parliament.

Robert Morrison translates Bible into Chinese

1807

James Chater, Richard Mardon, Felix Carey

1807

First Protestant missionaries to Burma/Myanmar

Gr. Orthodox: Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain Pedalion (The Rudder)

1775-1809

Anglican Beilby Porteus. Bishop of London

1762-1809

Anglican leader who led the fight to end slavery

Henry Martyn missionary to India and Persia

1806-1812

Translated parts of the Bible into Urdu and Persian

Richard Allen & the African Methodist Episcopal Church

1816

Calvinistic Methodists

1823

Richard Watson Theological Institutes

1823

Primitive Baptists (reformed, believer’s baptism, no mission societies, ~110K members)

1827-

Confession of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church

1813 & 1829

Heretic Friedrich Schliermacher

1830

God is within humanity, not above it.

Joseph Smith & Mormonism (Latter Day Saints) (16 million)

1830-

George & Sarah Boardman, Ko Tha Byu, Ko May Byn

1825-1831-

Missionaries in Burma

New Hampshire Baptist Confession of 1833

1833

Spanish Inquisition

1478-1834

Tortured & executed Jews, Muslims, Protestants, & even many Catholics

William Carey, started Baptist Missionary Society

1761-1834

Edward Irving (Scottish charismatic)

1812-1834

Fredrich Schleiermacher

1798-1834

Father of modern liberal theology

John Rippon, hymnist

1771-1836

The Presbyterian Auburn Declaration

1838

Longer Catechism of the Orthodox Catholic Eastern Church

1839

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

Second Great Awakening in North America & England

1790-1840

Presbyterians, Methodists, Campbellites

About 4,000 rural circuit riders in the U.S.

1844

First missionaries to Tanganyika

1840’s

Johann Ludwig Krapf, Johannes, Rebman, and Jakob Erhardt

Badr Khan the Kurd massacres 10,000 Nestorians

1843 & 1846

Europeans protest; Ottomans respond by defeating the Kurds and exiling Badr Khan

The Doctrinal Basis of the Evangelical Alliance

1846

Pope Pius IX of Rome restores Jewish restrictions

1846-1848

All previous restrictions on Jews enforced in the Vatican

Plymouth Brethren split into Exclusive Brethren Open Brethren (still called Plymouth Brethren)

1848

Both groups are dispensationalist evangelical Christians.

Confession of the Evangelical Free Church of Geneva

1848

Christadelphians deny the Trinity, and H.S. Satan as beings

1849-

Medieval Inquisition in France & Europe

1184-mid 19th century

Tortured & executed Anabaptists, Protestants, & a few Catholics

Adiniram & Ann Judson missionaries to Burma

1825-1850

Adiniram knew Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. He translated the Bible into Burmese.

Babis

1844-1850

Azalis & Baha'is, offshoots of Islam

1850 & 1863-

Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod split from LCMS. They believe the papacy is the antichrist. ~300K members.

1850-

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. A very influential book before the Civil War

1852

Calvinist and abolitionist. She said she wrote it, after seeing a vision of a dying black person during a communion service.

Soren Kierkegaard – Danish philosopher

1843-1855

Tokugawa Shoguns persecute Christians in Japan

1629-1856

Those who refused to trample pictures of Jesus or Mary tortured & killed. Many thousands killed

Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar

1828-1861

Killed half of the people of Madagascar (2.5 million), especially Christians

Ellen G. White & Seventh Day Adventists

1863-

Catholics persecuted in Korea

1866

8,000 killed

Abraham de Vries (Mennonite theologian)

1801-1862

St. Ignaty Brianchaninov (Orthodox, icons)

1807-1867

Confession of Free-Will Baptists

1834 & 1868

Creed of the Free Christian Church in Italy

June 1870

The First Vatican Council in Roman Catholicism

1870

Insider Movement to Hindus (founded by Kali Chan Banurji)

1870-

Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower) (8.3 million)

1872-

Frederick Maurice. Christian Socialism founder.

1859-1871

French Declaration of Faith (Reformed)

1872

Charles Hodge (Reformed, Traducian)

1871-1873

Systematic Theology

David Livingstone, missionary to Africa

1813-1873

Besides evangelizing natives wanted to expose to the world the “horrors” of slavery

Marcus & Narcissa Whitman. Henry & Eliza Spalding

1837-1847-1874

Presbyterian missionaries to the Nez Perce, Spokane, Cayuse, and other Indians. First white women in the northwest.

Charles Finney (Arminian revivalist)

1825-1875

Articles of Religion of the Reformed Episcopal Church in America

May 18, 1875

Keswick Convention, annual since 1875

1875-

Evangelical Christians in Great Britain. Founded by an Anglican and a Quaker

Salvation Army founded by William Booth and his wife Catherine Munford

1878-

Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian

19th century

Mary Baker Eddy & Christian Science

1875/1879-

Julius Mueller. Protestant theologian, pre-existence of souls

1839-1878

Christians exterminated in the Sudan

1880’s

“The Mahdi”, Muhammad Ahmad has all Christians in the Sudan killed

John N. Darby. Plymouth Brethren. A founder of modern dispensationalism.

1825-1882

Edward Pusey. Anglo-Catholic in the Oxford Movement

1825-1882

A founder of the Oxford Movement of “high-Anglicanism”. Said Christ’s presence in the Eucharist, pray to and for the dead.

First Protestant church in Korea

1884

Encyclical Letter of Pope Leo XIII

1885

A.A. Hodge (Traducian Presbyterian)

1847-1886

Presbyterian, missionary to India, important theologian. Said he taught nothing new (i.e. beyond the Bible and those before him)

Catholics, Anglicans, and Muslims killed in Buganda, and 6/3/1886 in Namugongo, Uganda

1885-1887

Homosexual king Mwanga II of Buganda kills 45 Catholic and Anglican Christians, and Muslims, who were against homosexuality. Muslims overthrow him in 1888.

John Henry Newman Anglican priest to Roman Catholic

1845-1890

Charles Spurgeon. almost 3,600 sermons

49 vols.

1854-1892

The Fundamentals of Protestant fundamentalism

1895

George F. Muller. Plymouth Brethren. Helped 10,024 orphans, founded 117 schools. Accused of raising the poor above their natural station.

1830/1836-1898

Turks kill 300,000 Armenians

1895

Armenians tried to be independent like the Balkans, so Turks killed most of them

Charles Sheldon

1896

Wrote In His Steps, about What Would Jesus Do. Has sold 50 million copies.

D.L. Moody & Ira Sankey evangelists

1860-1899

Preached in America and Great Britain

Unity Church (Charles Fillmore a founder)

1899-

James Martineau, Unitarian heretic

1840-1900

Did not believe in the Incarnation of Jesus

an estimated more than 400 million Christians

by 1900 A.D.

according to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126

Pentecostal Movement, Assemblies of God stared in Topeka, Kansas

1900

Adam Clarke Irish Wesleyan commentator

1832

Alphonse Mingana Chaldean Catholic theologian

1913-1937

Collected many Mideast manuscripts financed by Cadbury (of chocolate fame)

Japan Evangelistic Band

1903-

Barclay Fowell Buxton and Paget Wilkes founded at the 1903 Keswick Convention

Hudson and Maria Taylor, missionaries to China

1832-1905

Henry Bavinck (Reformed)

1906-1911

Reformed Dogmatics and Our Reasonable Faith

Lottie Moon Baptist missionary to China

-1913

Highly educated. Worked in a small village in Shantung, China. Died of malnourishment (only 50 pounds) after helping villagers after the Yellow River floods

Oneness Pentecostalism (denies the Trinity)

1914-

Mary Slessor

-1/13/1915

Protestant missionary to Nigeria. Contracted malaria on her first mission trip, 1876, and had fevers the rest of her life as a missionary. She stopped infanticide of twins.

Karl Barth

1919

Andrew Murray (S. Africa) 50 books 190 tracts.

Founder of the Africa Evangelical Fellowship

1848-1917

Evan Henry Hopkins, Holiness writer

1871-1918

Cannot be holy by imitating Christ. Rather count ourselves dead to sin and let Christ work through us.

Julius Wellhausen

1872-1918

Advanced the JEPD theory of 4 authors of the Pentateuch

Handley Moule, Anglican theologian, Keswick Convention speaker, many publications

1865-1920

Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati. Brahmin, Sanskrit scholar, and charismatic Christian

1883-1920

She campaigned against marriage of little girls, translated the Bible into Marathi, She opened a home for girls.

Roman Catholic Cardinal James Gibbons

1868-1921

B.B. Warfield. Calvinist professor and principal of Princeton Seminary

1881-1921

Wrote on inerrancy. “There have been many evolutionists who have been and have remained theists and Christians” Said spiritual gifts passed away.

Communist persecutions

1922-

Persecution of Christians and others, from the USSR to the Khmer Rouge

R.A. Torrey

1878-1928

Baptist who believed in baptism of the Holy Spirit

Frederick Brotherton Meyer, higher life speaker

1869-1929

friend of D.L. Moody. Preached in England against drunkenness and prostitution

Lillias Trotter missionary to Algeria

1887-1928

“Truly if God needed weakness, He had it!”

C. T. Studd, missionary to China, India, & Africa

1860-1931

Cam Townsend. Wycliffe Bible translators

1934-

Thousands of translations. After 2010, some translations, like Turkish and Arabic, take out the word "Father" and "son"

Charles Gore. Anglo-Catholic (Anglican with many Catholic views)

1875-1932

Said Christ on earth, though sinless, emptied himself of all other attributes of Godhead. Founded the Christian Social Union for helping the poor.

G.K. Chesterton (Roman Catholic)

1874-1936

Wilbur M. Smith. Apologist at Moody Bible Inst.

A Plea for Vigorous Apologetic

1940’s

Billy Sunday, famous American evangelist

1891-1935

Former pro player, Presbyterian but not a strong Calvinist. Never critical of Roman Catholicism. Conservative Christian influential in passing Prohibition.

Willis and Mary Ann Hoover.

1902-1936

They founded the Pentecostal Methodist Church in Chile

Greek Orthodox Saint Simon Silouan of Athos

1886-1938

Aimee Semple McPherson

1908-1944

Most well-known Pentecostal preacher and faith healer in her time.

Jews intermittently expelled or attacked

1009-1939

Jews attacked by mobs, pogroms, or expelled in Europe & North Africa

Rudolf Bultmann "demythologizing the Bible"

1941

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Lutheran

-1945

Plotted to kill Hitler, and denied the physical resurrection of Christ

Alfred North Whitehead, mathematician, process philosophy

1910-1941

Ernst Loymeyer Conservative German theologian. Wrote 300 works. Friends with Jews, against Nazis and Communism. Soviets executed.

1912-1946

W.E Vine, Plymouth Brethren, Dispensationalist

1905-1949

Wrote Vine’s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, Bible studies

Gustavo Guitierrez & Liberation Theology

1950's-1971-

Amy Carmichael Protestant missionary to Tamil Nadu, India for 55 years

1884-1951

Rescued young girls and boys from Hindu temple prostitution and founded an orphanage. Founded a Protestant religious order called Sisters of the Common Life.

Samuel Zwemer. Reform missionary, who called Islam “the Calvinism of the Orient”

1890-1952

Emphasized the precious blood of Christ and the Trinity. While < 12 converts in 40 years, but the churches he founded in the Mideast still live on.

Rev. Moon’s Divine Principle (Unification Church)

508

1954-

L. Ron Hubbard and the Church of Scientology

1954-

Jim and Elizabeth Elliot to the Huaorani (Aucas)

1950-56/2015

Jim and 4 others martyred in Ecuador. Elizabeth continued the work.

Lewis Sperry Chafer, dispensationalilst

1896-1952

A founder of Dallas Theological Seminary and its first president

2nd Vatican Council

1962

Accepts Protestants as "separated brethren"

Nestorian schism in the Assyrian Church

1968

Ancient Church of the East split from the Assyrian Church of the East

Chicago Statement of Biblical Inerrancy (Norm Geisler and R.C. Sproul two of its authors)

1978

E.J.H. Nash Higher Life

1927-1982

Over 7K boys attended his camps

Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament (DTS published) Partial: only up to page 270.

270

1983

C.S. Lewis (Anglican, believed theistic evolution, prayed for the dead)

1898-1963

Paul Tillich Liberal Lutheran “God is love”

1951-1963

Word Mission Society Church of God (=Church of Ahnsahnghong, =Elohists) (2 million)

1964-

Believes in a heavenly Father and heavenly mother. Founded by Ahnsahnghong, who said he was the incarnation of heavenly father. Have to keep O.T. feasts.

Henry Emerson Fosdick (liberal preacher against inerrancy)

1878-1969

Insider (C5) Movement to Muslims (Qur'an & Mohammed from God too, rejects the Trinity)

1970's-

Chrislam, syncretistic religion in Nigeria

1970's-

Church Universal & Triumphant / Elizabeth Claire Prophet (New Age)

1975-

Jim Jones and Jonestown

- 11/16/1978

Everyone in Jonestown was given red Kool-Aid with cyanide to drink

William Barclay -skeptical that Jesus was God, not affirm the physical resurrection

1907-1978

Andrew B. Murray and Shepherd’s Chapel

1985-2014–

Modalists, serpent seed doctrine, pre-existence of souls, British Israelism, Christian Identity Movement, deny the rapture, Annihilationism

Hebrew Roots Movement

1994-

Charles Hartshorne, process theologian, Ontological argument

wrote 1923-1995

Paul van Buren Death of God theological

1957-1998

“Christian atheist” and Episcopal priest who studied under Karl Barth.

Buddhist persecution in Myanmar/Burma

2000-

Buddhist government persecutes both Christians and Muslims

Hindus persecute Christians Orissa province India

Aug 2008-

300+ churches burned, 400+ killed after Maoists kill Hindu Swami Laxmananand

Hans Kung, liberal Roman Catholic theologian

1954-2013

70 million Christians martyred

35-July 2014

according to David B. Barrett of World Christian Encyclopedia

David and Ruth Adenay, missionaries to China

1934-1994

Protestant CIM missionaries to Henan and east China. Founded center in Singapore

John Stott, British Anglican evangelical

1966-2011

Alvin Plantinga (Christian philosopher)

1957-

Modal Ontological argument, nature of evil, Molinist. Taught at Calvin College and Notre Dame

David (Paul) Yonggi Cho of South Korea

1958-

830K-member church. Emphasized prayer and cell groups. Controversial because he said the Son controls the 2nd dimension, the Spirit the 4th.

Rick Warren. Pastor of Saddleback mega-church

1975-

Wrote The Purpose Driven Life. Gives 90% of income to the church and lives off 10%. Controversy because he agreed to do Obama’s Inauguration Ceremony

Albanian Mother Teresa of Calcutta, India

1950-1979

Founder of the Sisters of Charity in India. Roman Catholic, pro-life, helped the poor. Rather than relieving pain thought that pain glorified God.

William Hamilton

1952-2012

Prominent in the “Christian atheism” movement

In Nigeria Fulani kill Christians

1987

4 dead

J. Vernon Magee (DTS grad)

1949-1988

Through the Bible in 100 languages and 160 countries.

George Hunston Williams, Unitarian heretic

1941-2000

Historian of Socinian Unitarians

R.J Rushdoonie, father of Christian home-schooling

1944-2001

Orthodox Presbyterian. Father of Christian Reconstructionism

W.A. Criswell, Southern Baptist

1928-2002

Long-time pastor and founder of Criswell Bible College

John Walvoord. DTS Dispensationalist, DTS President 1952-1986

1936-2002

Editor of the Bible Knowledge Commentary. Did much to promote Dispensationalism and Premillennialism. Author of 30 books

Stephen Olford (Plymouth Brethren / Baptist)

1945-2004

Sermons broadcast worldwide. Heavily influenced Billy Graham, Adrian Rogers, Charles Stanley, and Jim Elliot.

Billy Graham (southern Baptist minister)

1947-2005

Preached live to 210 million in 185 countries. Against racial segregation.

Henry Morris

1942-2006

Young earth Creationist and a founder of Institute for Creation Research

Charles Ryrie DTS Dispensationalist

1953-2006

Systematic Theologian

Joel Beeke and Mark Jones (Reformed)

-2012

Book Puritan Theology

Dave Hunt

1973-2013

Good materials on end times and Roman Catholicism. Taught Calvinism is a heresy.

Still Waters Revival Books. Puritan hard drive

Think believing free will exists is a heresy. Arminian worship is blasphemy

Douglas Kelley (Reformed)

2008, 2014

Systematic Theology

In Nigeria Fulani herdsmen kill Christians

May 2017-Oct 2017

709 Christians, 16 Muslims killed. 130 Christians injured. (5/11/2019) https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/april/nigeria-fulani-attack-catholic-church-benue-boko-haram.html

In Nigeria Fulani herdsmen kill Christians

Nov 2017-May 2018-

After law banning open grazing was passed, 580 Christians killed, 87K fled homes

Thomas J.J. Altizer

1956-2018

Prominent in the “Christian atheism” movement

R.C. Sproul (Presbyterian apologist)

1969-2017

Books on defending the Bible, and Calvinism

Norm Geisler (Plymouth Brethren apologist)

1964-2019

Key author of Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy. Like Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas.

Conservative Protestant: Alistair Begg, Don Carson, William Lane Craig, William Dembski,

Sinclair Ferguson, Gary Habermas, June Hunt, Greg Laurie, Josh McDowell, John Warwick Montgomery, Beth Moore, David Jeremiah, J.I. Packer, Lee Strobel, Chuck Swindoll, Bible Church, Southern Baptist, Missionary Baptist, Charismatic, Free Evangelical, Calvary Chapel, C&MA, Antioch Community Church. (600 million)

c.1517-

Modern Eastern Orthodox (200 million)

1672-

Modern Roman Catholic (1.29 billion)

1962-

Messianic Jews. Int’l Assoc. of Messianic Congregations & Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations

1960's-

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/NiceaToEphesusTeachingBlankGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatNiceaToEphesusChristiansTaught.html.

by Steven M. Morrison, PhD. If you find what you think are any omissions or errors, please email webmaster@biblequery.org

Counts of events

Pre-Nicea I (-325 A.D.) 236 entries, including 15 persecutions, 36 spiritual counterfeits, 10 spurious works and 2 missions

Apostolic period until Irenaeus 188 A.D. – 54 entries (55-1)

Irenaeus 188 A.D. until Decian persecution 251 A.D. – 67 entries (73-6)

Decian persecution until the Council of Nicea I (252-325 A.D.) - 115 entries (119-4)

The Council of Nicea until the Council of Ephesus (325-431 A.D.) 240 entries, including 9 non-Christian persecutions, 14 spiritual counterfeits, 8 spurious works and 2 missions

Council of Nicea I 325 A.D. to the death of Athanasius of Alexandria 373 A.D – 88 entries

After Athanasius 374 A.D. to the death of Siricius 399 A.D. – 58 (59-1) entries

After Siricius 399 A.D. first Roman bishop to call himself Pope until the Council of Ephesus 432 A.D. – 94 entries

The Council of Ephesus until start of Muslim conquests (431-634 A.D.) 238 entries, including 10 non-Christian persecutions, 30 spiritual counterfeits, 8 spurious works and 7 missions

Council of Ephesus 431 A.D. to the Council of Chalcedon 451 A.D. - 67 entries

After the Council of Chalcedon to the Council of Constantinople II 553 A.D. – 126 entries

After the Council of Constantinople II 553 A.D until the start of Muslim conquests 634 A.D. – 47 entries

Start of Muslim conquests until the 4th Lateran Council (634-1215) 188 entries, including 7 non-Christian persecutions, 7 spiritual counterfeits, 6 spurious works, and 9 missions

Start of Muslim conquests 634 A.D. to Donation of Constantine fraud 800 A.D. – 76 entries

Donation of Constantine fraud 800 A.D. until the Great Schism 1053 A.D. – 67 entries

Great Schism of 1053 until the 4th Lateran Council (1215 A.D.) – 45 entries

4th Lateran Council until Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1215-1517) 143 entries, including 4 non-Christian persecutions, 8 spiritual counterfeits, 1 spurious work, 4 missions

4th Lateran Council of 1215 to Thomas Aquinas 1274 A.D. – 17 entries (1 persecution)

Thomas Aquinas 1274 A.D. to Jan Hus 1415 A.D. – 63 entries

Jan Hus (1415 A.D) to Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1517) – 38 entries

After Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1517) until 2nd Great Awakening (1415-1840) 195 entries, including 8+ persecutions, 0 spurious works

After Martin Luther’s 95 Theses to the 30 years War in 1648 A.D. – 101 entries (4 persecutions)

End of the 30 Years War in 1648 A.D. until 2nd Great Awakening 1842 A.D. – 91 entries

2nd Great Awakening onwards (1840-) 168 entries, including 16+ persecutions, 35 spiritual counterfeits, 0 spurious works, 17 missions

2nd Great Awakening 1840 A.D. to The Fundamentals in 1895 A.D. – 66 entries (12 spiritual counterfeits 9 persecutions)

From The Fundamentals to the present – 102 entries (28 spiritual counterfeits, 7 persecutions)

Currently 1407 total

Conclusions on different groups, relatively speaking:

Marcionites, Valentinians, Sethians, and Hermetic Gnostics are closer to Christianity than Greco-Roman or Egyptian mythology

Marcionites, Valentinians, Sethians, and Hermetic Gnostics are closer to Christianity than Vedic, Vedantic, or folk Hinduism, modern Hare Krishna, or Mandaeans

Islam and Baha’i are closer to Christianity than Marcionites, Valentinians, Sethians, and Hermetic Gnostics

Judaism is closer to Christianity than Marcionites, Valentinians, Sethians, and Hermetic Gnostics

Bardasenes was closer to Christianity that Judaism

Ebionites are closer to Christianity than Judaism

It is hard to compare closeness of Ebionites vs. Bardasenes to Christianity

Arians are closer to Christianity than Ebionites.

Nestorians and Monophysites are both close to orthodox Christianity than any of the preceding

It is hard to compare closeness to Christianity of Ebionites vs. Encratites, because they differ from Christianity in fundamentally different ways.`