Fourth Lateran Council Until Luther’s 95 Theses Teaching on Church Assembly Grid – Oct. 2024
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Legend for Cells |
Ca1. Calling ourselves Christians Acts 11:26; 1 Pet 4:16 |
Ca11. Calling the Lord’s Supper the Eucharist |
W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching |
Ca2. Church(es) of God Acts 20:28;1 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:13 |
Ca12. Mention of Easter /Pascha[l] |
I = Implied this is true or opposite is false |
Ca3. Church(es) of Christ Rom 16:16 |
Ca13. Footwashing |
N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed |
Ca4. The Church is the body of Christ 1 Cor 12:27 |
Ca14. Sing hymns to God, Father, or Jesus Rev 5:9-10 |
M = Mixed: some agree, others would not |
Ca5. We are the flock of Christ |
Ca15. Musical choir Neh 12:31-42 |
P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible |
Ca6. Learn from prior church writers/councils Acts 15 |
Ca16. Cheer up/encourage other believers 1 Th 5:14 |
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Ca7. Christians met together on Sunday partial 1 Co16:2 |
Ca17. Correct other believers 1 Cor 14:20; 1 Th 5:14 |
- = no reference found (so far) |
Ca8. Practice water baptism Acts 2:38; 10:47-48;1Pet 3:21 |
Ca18. Shun alleged believers persisting in sin |
X = Disagree |
Ca9. Baptize in the Name of the Father, Son, Holy Spirit Mt 28:19 |
Ca19. Holy church(es) |
blank = not researched yet |
Ca10. The Lord’s supper (Eucharist) 1 Cor 11:17-34 |
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Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s |
Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Roman Catholics persecuting, brown=Christians persecuting
Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
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Fourth Lateran Council. 71 archbishops, 412 bishops, 800 abbots |
1215 |
Pivotal council that formalized 7 sacraments, transubstantiation, relationship to the clergy. Issued restrictions against the Jews. Kill Albigensians & Waldenses |
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Council of Bergamo (12 Waldenses) |
1218 |
Said we should not believe in Purgatory or prayers for the dead because no biblical |
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Francis of Assisi goes to Egypt |
1219 |
Preached to Muslim Fatimid Sultan al-Kamil of Egypt |
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Serbian Orthodox Church founded |
1219- |
Like other orthodox they taught Traducianism |
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Berard of Carbio and 4 other Franciscan missionaries |
1220 |
Killed in Marrakesh, Morocco |
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Daniel and 6 Italian friars in Morocco |
1220 |
Killed in Ceuta, Morocco |
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Dominic founds the Roman Catholic Dominican Order |
1215-1221 |
12K at its peak, 7K in 1983 |
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Francis of Assisi founds the R.C. Franciscan order |
1209-1226 |
by 1400, 60K monks all over the world per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.123 |
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Dominicans preach to Comans of Hungary |
1221-1227 |
Coman ruler Barc & 15K baptized in Hungary. 1241 exterminated by Mongols. ibid p.123 |
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Sixth Crusade, Layman’s crusade |
1228 |
Negotiated, not fought the Egyptian Sultan, so the Pope excommunicated them. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.123 |
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Stephen Langton. Wrote on almost all books of the Old Testament |
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1207-1228 |
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Council of Toulouse |
1229 |
Hunt heretics. Non-clergy forbidden to read any non-Latin Bible, except a psalter or breviary |
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Pope Gregory IX starts the Inquisition by Franciscans and Dominicans |
1231 |
For centuries terrorized people and tortured for confessions. When women when arrested said, “I am guilty; what did I do?” |
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Council of Tarragona ratified the Council of Toulouse |
1233/1234 |
“No one may possess the books of the Old and New Testaments, and if anyone possesses them he must turn them over to the local bishop within eight days, so that they may be burned…” |
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Mongol Khan Ogodai appoints Simeon Rabban-Ata as Nestorian Catholicos at Tabriz, Persia |
1235 |
Nestorians have great influence in Mongol lands per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124 |
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15th or so Synod of Arles, against Albigensians |
1234 & 1236 |
Jean Baussan presided |
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Catholic Pope Gregory IX confiscates Talmuds |
1239 |
Orders confiscating all Jewish Talmuds |
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Pope Gregory IX |
1227-1241 |
Started crusade against the Holy Roman Empire. NE European Crusades. |
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Alexander of Hales. Aristotelian scholastic |
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1220-1245 |
He pondered if Christ would have been incarnated if people had never sinned? |
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John of la Rochelle. Wrote on the soul |
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c.1238-1245 |
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Serapion of Vladimir (near Kiev) 5 Sermons |
c.1240-1245 |
Said that the Mongol invasion was God's punishment for people's sins |
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First Council of Lyon under embattled Pope Innocent IV (150 bishops + 100 others) |
1245 |
Deposed the King Sancho II of Portugal in favor of his older brother, and excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who was besieging Rome |
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Swedes conquer Finland |
1249 |
Finns forced to become Christians World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124 |
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Teutonic knights and Poles conquer Prussians |
1250 |
Force Prussians to be baptized. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124 |
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Innocent IV’s papal bull ex Extirpanda |
1252 |
Fire, irons, and the rack to torture and kill heretics |
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Robert Grosseteste of England. theologian, poet, bishop, wrote on the scientific method |
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c.1220-1253 |
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Testament of Abraham (present form of long version) |
8.5 |
13th century |
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Dominican monk brother Arnold |
1260 A.D. |
Prophesied a new age would begin in 1260 A.D. Jesus would appear to judge the church and reveal the pope as the antichrist. |
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Cardinal Hugh of St. Cher. Dominican Bible commentator |
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1225-1263 |
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Thomas of Celano (Franciscan hymnist) |
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1225-1265 |
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Mongol Kublai Khan says he wanted to be baptized |
1266 |
requested 100 missionaries through Polo brothers. In 1278 the R.C. Only 5 Franciscans came. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124 |
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Franciscan monk Berthold of Ratisbon |
1246-1270 |
One of the most important preachers of repentance in the 13th century |
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Chinese ports |
c.1270 |
Over 400K Christians in ports plus others along the old Silk Road |
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Nine Crusades |
1189-1272 |
To retake Israel (& capture Constantinople), gain land & money |
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Ulrich of Strasburg. Disciple of Albert Magnus. Summa de Bono |
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1265-1272 |
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Franciscan Berthold von Regensburg |
died 1272 |
Preaches to large crowds, per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124 |
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Thomas Aquinas - Aristotelian theologian |
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1248-1274 |
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Bonaventure (Giovanni di Fidanza) |
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c.1253-1274 |
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Second Council of Lyons. 500 bishops and 1000 abbots |
1274 |
Tries in vain to unite Roman Catholics and eastern Orthodox |
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Jacobus de Voraigne of Genoa |
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1275 |
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Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. alphabetical summary of Church fathers. Opposed Aristotelianism, |
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1272-1279 |
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Citizens of Parma, Italy killed all their inquisitors |
1279 |
They killed all the inquisitors because they were too severe |
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Albert Magnus of Cologne, Germany |
1245-1280 |
Aristotelian theologian. Also wrote on science, astrology, law. Preached the 8th crusade. He influenced Thomas Aquinas. |
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Portuguese Dominican Raymond Martini. Pugeo Fidei |
1264-1284 |
Apologist to Jews and Moors (Muslims). Write a (lost) refutation of the Koran |
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Gregory Bar-Hebraeus, west-Syrian historian |
1226-1286 |
Write Storehouse of Secrets a commentary on the Bible. Miaphysite who accepted Orthodox and Nestorian Christians too. |
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Mongol Kublai Khan asked the Pope to send 100 Christian teachers to teach |
1286 |
The pope sent 7. In 1295 the Mongols start to convert to Islam. |
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Uyghur/Ongud Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma |
1287-1288 |
Travelled from Beijing/Khanbaliq to Tuscany, Paris, and Rome to try to forge a Franco-Mongol alliance. Met with Pope Nicholas IV |
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Edward I of England expels all Jews |
1290 |
Cromwell allowed them back in 1656. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.125 |
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John Pecham, Archbishop of Canterbury, Opposed Aristotelianism; debated Aquinas twice |
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1279-1292 |
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Henry of Ghent (Doctor Solemnis) |
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1276-1293 |
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Mechthild of Magdeburg, mystic nun |
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c.1230-1294 |
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Ilkhan Ghazan destroys persecutes in Persia |
1295 |
Orders all churches, synagogues, and Buddhist temples destroyed |
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Pope Boniface VII Clericis Laicos |
1296 |
Excommunicates clergy who pay secular taxes. English King Edward outlaws priests in England |
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Hugh of Balma (Hugh of Dorche) |
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c.1250-c.97 |
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Flagellants common in Europe |
c.1296 |
Travelled through Europe warning of the end of the world |
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Jacob da Voragine (=Jacobo de Fazio) |
1244-1298 |
Chronicler. Wrote The Golden Legend about the lives of the saints. |
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Nestorian work The Pearl (The Marganitha) |
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1298 |
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Peter John Olivi. Franciscan extreme poverty. Invented papal infallibility on official statements |
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c.1279-1298 |
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Peter Quesnel, Franciscan in Norwich, England |
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died 1299? |
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Estimated 84 million Christians |
1300 |
World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.97. 23% of world population of 362 million. |
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Mamluk king closes all churches in Egypt & Syria |
1301 |
Syrian Christians suffer for 100 years. World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.124 |
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Muslims martyr Roman Catholic friars in S. India |
1302 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.239 |
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Boniface VII's papal bull Unam Sanctam. |
1302 |
French king Philip captures and tortures Pope Boniface VII for heresy. Others free him, but he dies a month later. The next pope, Benedict XI, dies mysteriously after a month. The next pope, Clement V, is France's puppet. |
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Roger Marston, pupil of John Pecham |
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-c.1303 |
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King Philip the Fair expels Jews from France |
1306 |
100,000 Jews banished |
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Apostolic Brethren and the Dulcinians (a type of Cathar) |
1288-1307 |
Said 4 church ages, hold all property in common. Many were killed by papal troops, so they killed villagers below Mt. Parete Calva for not defending them. |
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John Duns Scotus Erigenus, pupil of Roger Marston. Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. Pre-existence of souls |
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1300-1308 |
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James of Viterbo (Giacomo Viterbo), pupil of Giles of Rome |
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died 1308 |
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Clement V excommunicates all Venetians |
1309 |
The city of Venice had opposed the election of Clement V as pope. |
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Muslims massacre Christians in Arbela, (modern Iraq) |
1310 |
Kurds and Arabs destroyed the city |
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Council of Vienne, 20 cardinals, 4 patriarchs, 100 abbots. run by King Philip IV of France and Pope Clement V. |
1311-1313 |
Against Knights Templars to confiscate their great wealth. Fraticelli, and called the lay orders of Beghards, Beguines heretics that could then be burned at the stake. |
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Dante wrote the Divine Comedy |
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1314 |
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Ramon Lull/Llull. Inspired by Francis of Assisi, mathematician who influenced Leibnitz, Catalan and Arabic writer, missionary to Muslims. |
1274-1314/1315 |
Spent 9 years studying Arabic. Advocated converting Muslims by persuasion, not force. He started schools to train missionaries to Muslims. Stoned to death by Muslims in Tunis or Bugia, Algeria. |
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Giles of Rome, pupil of Thomas Aquinas |
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1272-1316 |
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Mark of Beijing becomes Nestorian Patriarch |
1281-1317 |
Consecrates 75 bishops. 1301 Submits to Roman Pope Benedict XI. See World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124 |
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Last Nestorian Persian Synod elects Timothy II as Patriarch |
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1318 |
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Muslims execute most Christians in Egypt |
1321 |
Almost all churches and monasteries destroyed |
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Over 5,000 Jews burned in Guienne, France |
1321 |
Accused of having wells poisoned. Last of Cathars killed too. |
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Pope John XXII, who was against Franciscans, issued the bull Qui quorundam. |
1324 |
In the bull Qui quorundam he says papal infallibility is “the work of the devil.” He was pope for 18 years after that. Some Catholics consider this pope a heretic. |
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Nestorians almost extinct in China |
1330 |
Only 30K Nestorians left in China, per to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.125 |
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French king Louis deposes Pope John XXII for heresy |
1328 |
The next pope, Nicholas V was deposed in 1329 when Louis left Rome. |
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Marsilius of Padua, later archbishop of Milan, persecutes catholic clergy loyal to John XXII |
1328- |
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Meister Eckhart. strange mystical views |
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c.1294-c.1328 |
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Durandus of Saint-Pourcain |
c.1313-1332 |
Wrote commentaries on Peter Lombard's Sentences |
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Thomas Waleys, Dominican friar |
1333 |
Imprisoned for saying saints and purified souls see God immediately after death. |
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Muslims massacre Christians in Almaliq |
1338/1339 |
after Chagatai Khan Chingshi died. Richard of Almalik & 6 Franciscans killed too |
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Mongol Emperors Christian Alan guards |
1340 |
They write to Pope to send missionaries. World Christian trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.125 |
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Council of Constantinople VIII |
1341 |
Condemned monk Barlaam for opposing Hesychasts on Mt. Athos |
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Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro. Commentary on Peter Lombard’s Sentences |
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c.1300-1342 |
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Marsiglio/Marsilius of Padua, Italy. Wrote Defensor pacis, one of the most important documents of that century. |
1324-1342 |
Used scripture against the pope’s supreme authority. The Church gets its power from the state, and church councils are higher than the pope. Persecuted clergy in Bavaria loyal to Pope John XXII. |
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Franciscan friar William of Ockham |
1321-1347 |
Fideist: only faith, not reason can lead us to truth. Against unlimited papal power |
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Gregory Akindos (against Ascetic Hesychasts) |
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-c.1347 |
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Barlaam of Seminara – against Hesychasm |
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1333-1348 |
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John of Monte Corvino |
1247-1348 |
Franciscan missionary to India and China |
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Franciscan Nicholas of Lyra, influential Bible commentator |
1309-1349 |
Emphasized the Bible’s literal meaning. He influenced Martin Luther. |
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Thomas Bradwardine, mathematician, astronomer, archbishop of Canterbury |
1321-1349 |
Wrote against Pelagianism. Thought stars had an influence on people's character. |
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Black death over the old world |
1347-1353 |
kills 75M, 17% of the world. 13M China, 20-33% of Europe |
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Over 1 million Jews killed. 11K burned in Germany |
1337-1353 |
Jews blamed for Black Death, per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.125 |
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Christians execute 12K Jews in Toledo, Spain |
1355 |
Per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.126 |
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Gregory Palamas, defender of Hesychasm (senseless prayer) |
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1335-1359 |
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Richard FitzRalph of Armagh - dominion doctrine |
1328-1360 |
Don’t pay money to corrupt clergy. He was summoned to Avignon & then disappeared |
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Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus Ecclesiastical History. Poem on the Gospels |
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ca.1320-1360 |
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Johannes Tauler. Disciple of Meister Eckhart and universalist |
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1330-1361 |
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Henry Suso. Disciple of Meister Eckhart |
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c.1327-1366 |
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“Babylonian Captivity” when Pope moves to France |
1305-1378 |
Popes were safer in the land of their French overlords |
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Tamerlane’s “holy war” destroys 700 Georgian towns |
1358-1378 |
All churches in Tiflis. per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239 |
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Catherine of Sienna |
|
1347-1380 |
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Macarius Chrysocephalus of Constantinople |
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1300-1382 |
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John Wycliffe & the Lollards in England |
|
1367-1382 |
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Geert Groote founder of the Brethren of Common Life (=Modern Devotion Movement), which was a key influence on Thomas a Kempis |
1366-1384 |
After studying philosophy and science, a lay Christian who became helped the poor, started schools, and a missionary preacher who preached against clerical abuses until the Pope forbade non-clergy from preaching. Died nursing plague victims. Luther studied under the Brethren of Common Life. |
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Otto of Passau The 24 Elders, or the Golden Throne of Loving Souls |
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fl.1386 |
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Christian Uyghurs forced to convert to Islam |
1390 |
Uyghurs east of Urumchi forced, per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.126 |
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St. Stephen |
died 1396 |
Missionary to Georgia |
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Henry of Langenstein, Germany. theologian, mathematician, wrote against astrology |
|
1368-1397 |
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The Cloud of Unknowing |
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1350-1400 |
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Estimated 57 million Christians |
1400 A.D. |
World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.642. 16% of world population of 352 million. |
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Strigolniks of Pskov, Russia protesting |
c.1400 |
against charging fees for sacraments. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.126 |
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Muslim Tamerlane Sevaus. 4K Christians burned alive |
1401 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239 |
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Muslim Tamerlane sacks Baghdad |
1401 |
Tamerlane massacres thousands of Muslims and Christians |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Muslim Tamerlane killed 17 million, 5% world pop. |
1360-1405 |
Slaughtered 100K Hindus, fellow Muslims, and almost extinguished Nestorians |
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Nicholas Magni, disciple of Matthew of Krakow Tractatus de supersticionibus |
|
1405 |
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Henry of Kalkar. Theologian, musician, ascetic |
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c.1357-1408 |
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The Bible in English is illegal in England |
1408 |
Illegal to translate or read the Bible in English without the bishop's consent |
|
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Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného. Klementinum Codex |
c.1355-1409 |
Czech Reformer, writer, translator, and theologian |
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Matthew of Krakow |
|
1382-1410 |
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Jean Petit, in the pay of Burgundy, justified killing those considered as tyrants |
1408-1411 |
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Council of Prague, Bohemia |
1413 |
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Jan Hus & the Hussites in Bohemia … If the pope sells grace … he is the Antichrist |
|
1404-7/6/1415 |
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Jan Hus burned at the stake |
1415 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239 |
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John of Nepomuk martyred |
1415 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239 |
|
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Jerome of Prague martyred |
1416 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239 |
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Julian of Norwich, English Anchorite |
|
1373-1416 |
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Western Schism of dueling Catholic popes |
1378-1417 |
Popes in both Rome and Avignon, France, ended by the Council of Constance |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Council of Constance |
1414-1418 |
Ends the great schism and burns Jan Hus at the stake. 3 Ethiopian envoys present. 1 Pope abdicated, 2 popes deposed, 1 pope elected. Condemns Wycliffe. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dominican monk Vincent of Ferrier/Ferrer |
1335-1419 |
Converted many Jews and non-violently persecuted others |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pope Martin V issues papal bull |
Mar 17, 1420 |
Crusade to exterminate followers of Wycliffe, Huss, & other heretics |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tartars kill Christians in Russia |
1422 |
Muslim Tartars rule Russia and kill Christians |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German mystic Thomas a Kempis wrote The Imitation of Christ |
ca.1418-1427 |
One of the most-widely read Christian books in the Middle Ages and after. Influenced Thomas Moore, Jesuits, and John Wesley. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jean Gerson. Against Jean Petit. |
c.1395-1429 |
Major theologian at the council of Constance. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Joan of Arc burned at the stake (Pope was English) |
1431 |
Burned as a heretic. Declared innocent in 1456, canonized in 1920. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hussite Wars |
1419-1434 |
After Catholics executed Jan Hus, they invaded Bohemia and Hungary |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biblia Pauperum “Poor Man’s Bible”. 40 pages of catechism |
|
1435 |
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||||||||
Catalan Raymond of Sabunde Natural Theology. Influenced Blaise Pascal |
|
1434-1436 |
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Council of Basel, 7 cardinals, 6K clergy |
1431-1437/1439 |
Accepted Hussites back, Orthodox. Orders all Jews to hear Christian sermons. Pope dissolved it in 1437 but it kept meeting anyway. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Matthew Doring helps depose Pope Eugene IV |
1439 |
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|
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Council/Synod of Florence. 700 people |
|
1439 |
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Lorenzo Valla refuted The Donation of Constantine |
|
1440 |
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Papal bull Cantate Domino at the Council of Florence |
1442 |
Forbade anyone to observe the Sabbath or be circumcised |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mark, Metropolitan of Ephesus, hesychast, hymnist |
1417-1444 |
Against union with Roman Catholics as heretics and schismatics. against purgatory. Follower of Gregory Palamas. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Christians first evangelize in Guinea. |
1445 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.127 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gutenberg’s first Bible depose Pope Eugene IV |
1445 |
150 copies. Per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.127. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nicole Boillet (St. Colette)
|
1406-3/1447 |
She founded the Colette Poor Clares under (Avignon) Antipope Benedict XIII. Canonized as a Catholic saint later |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medieval Christians: Cath., Orthodox, Copts |
c.500-c.1500 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
|
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
|
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|
|||||||||
Muslim Qur’an or Sunni hadiths (5 collections) |
|
c.609- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
||||||||
Some moderate Muslims |
- |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
W |
W |
X |
- |
|
|
|||||||||
Peter Waldo/Valdes and the Waldenses in It., Fr., Sp. |
|
1174/1175-1532 |
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||||||||
Hadmannus Schedelius Chronicle |
|
1450 |
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||||||||
Albert Suho. wrote on theology and history from creation to 1452 |
|
1447-1452 |
|
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|
Sultan Mehmed II captures Constantinople. 53-day siege |
5/29/1453 |
Ottoman troops plundered and raped for three days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pope Nicholas V authorizes capturing slaves |
1452,1455 |
Papal bulls Dum Diversas and Romanus Pontifex authorize enslaving non-Christians |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zinzendorf & the Moravian Brethren |
|
1457- |
|
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|
||||||||
Nicholas of Cusa. Cardinal, mathematician, and theologian. Saw the Donation of Constantine was a fraud |
1446-1464 |
Wrote Of Learned Ignorance. Our finite minds cannot know all about God, but we can know some within our limitations. Arbitrated with Hussites, Eastern Orthodox. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Matthew Doring. The Precious Blood of Wilsnack
|
1432-1469 |
Wrote on the primary of church councils over the pope. The communion wine miraculously survived when the church in Wilsnack burned down. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Christian Portuguese solders evangelize in Ghana |
1471 |
Called the Gold Coast. Per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.127 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gennadios II (Scholarios) learned patriarch of Constantinople |
|
1438-1472 |
|
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|
||||||||
John Pupper of Goch. German Augustinian monk, founded the convent of Malines. |
1451-1475 |
Attacked scholastic theology, and called Thomas Aquinas “the prince of error”. Instead he stressed love, piety, and the liberty of Christians. “The canonical scriptures alone are entitled to a sure confidence.” Against Pelagianism. Luther admired him. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Start of Spanish Inquisition under Torquemada |
1478- |
120K condemned, imprisoned, or impoverished. At least 2K killed. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Johanne Ruchrat von Wesel. German Thomist Scholastic |
1445-1481 |
Reformer before the Reformation. Scripture is the rule of faith. Against indulgences. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John of Wesalia. Scriptures are the only source of faith. |
died 1482 |
Died in an inquisition prison The elect are saved by the grace of God alone. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portuguese explore the Congo (Zaire) |
1482 |
Franciscan and Dominican missionaries. Prince Mwemba baptized. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.127 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heinrich von Dissen. many commentaries & sermons |
|
c.1437-1484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
||||||||
John Lallier of Sorbonne, France |
ca.1484 |
Rome is not the head of other churches. It is a money-getting church. We are not bound to believe the legends of the saints any more than the Chronicles of France. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Christianity started in Nigeria (Benin), baptize the king. |
1487 |
Portuguese bring the gospel to Nigeria. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.127 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John Wessel Gansfort/Goesevoyrd, scholar and a “reformer before the Reformation” |
1470-1489 |
Stop following corrupted shepherds/clergy. Offered to be made bishop but declined, asking for a copy of the scriptures in Hebrew instead. The Lord’s Supper was magical. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In Spain 180K Jews expelled, 350K forced to convert |
1492 |
12K Jews burned in Spain as heretics. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Johannes Trimethius of Mainz |
1494 |
bibliography of 1,000 church writers. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gabriel Biel. Brethren of the Open Life, a founder of the University of Tubingen |
1460-1495 |
Wrote Sentences of Peter Lombard, which influenced Martin Luther, and Canon of the Mass. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bohemian Brethren. 400 churches 100K members |
1495 |
in Bohemia & Moravia. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20% of Portugal are Jews. All must convert or leave |
1497 |
200K converted or expelled. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Girolamo Savanarola, Dominican friar and reformer admired by Luther |
1472-1498 |
Studied Augustine and Aquinas; against exploiting the poor. Made prophecies and wanted Florence to be a “new Jerusalem”, a world center for Christianity. Bonfires to throw in immoral books and luxury items. Hanged by the Roman Catholic church. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portuguese forcibly convert Nestorians in India |
1498 |
Portuguese force Nestorians to convert to Catholicism in India |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Astrologer Johannes Stoeffler predicts end of the world |
1499 |
Predicted on Feb 20, 1524. 1,000’s of German prepare by going on boats and a 3-story ark on the Rhine. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portuguese Captain Pedro Alvares Cabral |
1500 |
He brought 17 Roman Catholic missionaries to Goa |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated 76M or 100M Christians. 18% world pop 423M |
1500 A.D. |
per Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126 or World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.642 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Russian Orthodox church has the Third Rome doctrine |
1500 |
Rome is heretical, Constantinople fell, so Moscow is now the center of Christianity. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In Spain, all Muslims must convert of leave |
1499-1502 |
Inquisitor-general Cisneros forces all Muslims to convert or be expelled |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No Jewish religion left in Rhodes, Greece |
1502 |
All converted, exiled, or enslaved. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Paulus Scriptoris, Franciscan monk & mathematician |
1498-1505 |
Wrote a commentary on Duns Scotus. Catholic church exiled him for denying transubstantiation |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Francis Xavier and Catholic missionaries in Mozambique |
1506 |
King Gamba of Inhambane baptized. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Many ex-Jewish and ex-Muslim Christians killed |
1506 |
Doubts that they genuinely converted. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Johann Geiler Kaisenberg, famous evangelist |
|
1475-1510 |
|
|
|
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|
||||||||
Pope Julius II, the Warring Pope. Raided Italian cities |
1504-1513 |
Church council suspended him, but he and his armies ignored it. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jacques Almain. Opponent of Cajetan |
1512-1515 |
He and John Mair favored church councils over the Pope |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portuguese forcibly convert Nestorians |
1498 |
Portuguese force Nestorians to convert to Catholicism in India |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cardinal Ximenes/Jimenez de Cisneros of Spain |
1516 |
No ship may travel to the New World without a priest for evangelism |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Franciscan Cardinal Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros |
1436-1517 |
Worked to reform the Catholic Church in Spain and Portugal |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bible printing in Europe |
1456-1517 |
Printed over 70K Bibles in 15 languages plus 100K NT’s and 120K Psalters. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fifth Lateran Council. Condemns soul sleep. 15 cardinals, 80 archbishops and bishops |
|
1512-1517 |
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Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
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www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/FourthLAteranCouncilUntilLuthers95ThesesTeachingOnChurchAssemblyGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatEphesusAndLaterChristiansTaughtOnExperienceAndPractice.html.
by Steven M. Morrison, PhD. If you find what you think are any omissions or errors, please email webmaster@biblequery.org
302 years Fourth Lateran Council until Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1215-1517) 190 entries, including 16.5 missions, 18.5 non-Christian persecutions, 1 spurious work, and 8.5 spiritual counterfeits
Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 until Thomas Aquinas 1274 A.D. – 34 entries
Thomas Aquinas 1274 A.D. until Jan Hus burned at the stake 1415 A.D. – 87 entries
Jan Hus burned at the stake (1415 A.D) until Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1517) – 69 entries