Fourth Lateran Council Until Luther’s 95 Theses Teaching on Government Grid – Oct. 2024

 Government and Laws

 

Legend for Cells

Gv1. Honor the king or government Rom 13:1-5; 1Pt 2:17

Gv11. The kingdom of heaven Mt 3:1-2;4:17;5:3-12; 10:7

W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching

Gv2. Obey government when not against God Rm13:1-5

 

I = Implied this is true or opposite is false

Gv3. Do not aid in persecuting Christians 1 Cor 13:7

 

N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed

Gv4. Pay taxes  Mk 12:14-17; Lk 20:22-25; Rom 13:6-7

 

M = Mixed: some agree, others would not

Gv5 Citizens of Heaven  Php 3:20

 

P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible

Gv6 Christians should not be in lawsuits 1 Cor 6:1-8

 

Gv7. Officials ought to be just Rom 13:3-4

 

- = no reference found (so far)

Gv8. Disobey or change unjust laws Acts 4:19; 5:29

 

X = Disagree

Gv9. Providence, or God governing the world Isa 46:10

 

blank = not researched yet

Gv10. Christ is king / kingdom of Christ. Jn1:49;Rv11:15

 

Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s

Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Roman Catholics persecuting, brown=Christians persecuting

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fourth Lateran Council. 71 archbishops, 412 bishops, 800 abbots Fourth Lateran Council

1215

Pivotal council that formalized 7 sacraments, transubstantiation, relationship to the clergy. Issued restrictions against the Jews. Kill Albigensians & Waldenses

 

Council of Bergamo (12 Waldenses)

1218

Said we should not believe in Purgatory or prayers for the dead because no biblical

 

Francis of Assisi goes to Egypt 

1219

Preached to Muslim Fatimid Sultan al-Kamil of Egypt

 

Serbian Orthodox Church founded

1219-

Like other orthodox they taught Traducianism

 

Berard of Carbio and 4 other Franciscan missionaries

1220

Killed in Marrakesh, Morocco

 

Daniel and 6 Italian friars in Morocco

1220

Killed in Ceuta, Morocco

 

Dominic founds the Roman Catholic Dominican Order

1215-1221

12K at its peak, 7K in 1983

 

Francis of Assisi founds the R.C. Franciscan order 

1209-1226

by 1400, 60K monks all over the world per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.123

 

Dominicans preach to Comans of Hungary

1221-1227

Coman ruler Barc & 15K baptized in Hungary. 1241 exterminated by Mongols. ibid p.123

 

Sixth Crusade, Layman’s crusade

1228

Negotiated, not fought the Egyptian Sultan, so the Pope excommunicated them. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.123

 

Stephen Langton. Wrote on almost all books of the Old Testament

 

1207-1228

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Toulouse

1229

Hunt heretics. Non-clergy forbidden to read any non-Latin Bible, except a psalter or breviary

 

Pope Gregory IX starts the Inquisition by Franciscans and Dominicans 

1231

For centuries terrorized people and tortured for confessions. When women when arrested said, “I am guilty; what did I do?”

 

Council of Tarragona ratified the Council of Toulouse

1233/1234

“No one may possess the books of the Old and New Testaments, and if anyone possesses them he must turn them over to the local bishop within eight days, so that they may be burned…”

 

Mongol Khan Ogodai appoints Simeon Rabban-Ata as Nestorian Catholicos at Tabriz, Persia

1235

Nestorians have great influence in Mongol lands per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124

 

15th or so Synod of Arles, against Albigensians

 

1234 & 1236

Jean Baussan presided

 

Catholic Pope Gregory IX confiscates Talmuds

1239

Orders confiscating all Jewish Talmuds

 

Pope Gregory IX

1227-1241

Started crusade against the Holy Roman Empire. NE European Crusades.

 

Alexander of Hales. Aristotelian scholastic

 

1220-1245

He pondered if Christ would have been incarnated if people had never sinned?

 

John of la Rochelle. Wrote on the soul

 

c.1238-1245

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Serapion of Vladimir (near Kiev) 5 Sermons

 

c.1240-1245

Said that the Mongol invasion was God's punishment for people's sins

 

First Council of Lyon under embattled Pope Innocent IV (150 bishops + 100 others)

 

1245

Deposed the King Sancho II of Portugal in favor of his older brother, and excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who was besieging Rome

 

Swedes conquer Finland

1249

Finns forced to become Christians World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124

 

Teutonic knights and Poles conquer Prussians

1250

Force Prussians to be baptized. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124

 

Innocent IV’s papal bull ex Extirpanda

1252

Fire, irons, and the rack to torture and kill heretics

 

Robert Grosseteste of England. theologian, poet, bishop, wrote on the scientific method

 

c.1220-1253

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Testament of Abraham (present form of long version)

8.5

13th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dominican monk brother Arnold

1260 A.D.

Prophesied a new age would begin in 1260 A.D. Jesus would appear to judge the church and reveal the pope as the antichrist.

 

Cardinal Hugh of St. Cher. Dominican Bible commentator

 

1225-1263

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Thomas of Celano (Franciscan hymnist)

 

1225-1265

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mongol Kublai Khan says he wanted to be baptized

1266

requested 100 missionaries through Polo brothers. In 1278 the R.C. Only 5 Franciscans came. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124

 

Franciscan monk Berthold of Ratisbon 

1246-1270

One of the most important preachers of repentance in the 13th century

 

Chinese ports

c.1270

Over 400K Christians in ports plus others along the old Silk Road

 

Nine Crusades

1189-1272

To retake Israel (& capture Constantinople), gain land & money

 

Ulrich of Strasburg. Disciple of Albert Magnus. Summa de Bono

 

1265-1272

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Franciscan Berthold von Regensburg

died 1272

Preaches to large crowds, per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124

 

Thomas Aquinas - Aristotelian theologian

 

1248-1274

 

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bonaventure (Giovanni di Fidanza)

 

c.1253-1274

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Second Council of Lyons. 500 bishops and 1000 abbots

1274

Tries in vain to unite Roman Catholics and eastern Orthodox

 

Jacobus de Voraigne of Genoa

 

1275

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. alphabetical summary of Church fathers. Opposed Aristotelianism,

 

1272-1279

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Citizens of Parma, Italy killed all their inquisitors

1279

They killed all the inquisitors because they were too severe

 

Albert Magnus of Cologne, Germany 

1245-1280

Aristotelian theologian. Also wrote on science, astrology, law. Preached the 8th crusade. He influenced Thomas Aquinas.

 

Portuguese Dominican Raymond Martini. Pugeo Fidei

1264-1284

Apologist to Jews and Moors (Muslims). Write a (lost) refutation of the Koran

 

Gregory Bar-Hebraeus, west-Syrian historian 

1226-1286

Write Storehouse of Secrets a commentary on the Bible. Miaphysite who accepted Orthodox and Nestorian Christians too.

 

Mongol Kublai Khan asked the Pope to send 100 Christian teachers to teach 

1286

The pope sent 7. In 1295 the Mongols start to convert to Islam.

 

Uyghur/Ongud Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma 

1287-1288

Travelled from Beijing/Khanbaliq to Tuscany, Paris, and Rome to try to forge a Franco-Mongol alliance. Met with Pope Nicholas IV

 

Edward I of England expels all Jews

1290

Cromwell allowed them back in 1656. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.125

 

John Pecham, Archbishop of Canterbury, Opposed Aristotelianism; debated Aquinas twice

 

1279-1292

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Henry of Ghent (Doctor Solemnis)

 

1276-1293

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mechthild of Magdeburg, mystic nun

 

c.1230-1294

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ilkhan Ghazan destroys persecutes in Persia

1295

Orders all churches, synagogues, and Buddhist temples destroyed

 

Pope Boniface VII Clericis Laicos  

1296

Excommunicates clergy who pay secular taxes. English King Edward outlaws priests in England

 

Hugh of Balma (Hugh of Dorche)

 

c.1250-c.97

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flagellants common in Europe

c.1296

Travelled through Europe warning of the end of the world

 

Jacob da Voragine (=Jacobo de Fazio) 

1244-1298

Chronicler. Wrote The Golden Legend about the lives of the saints.

 

Nestorian work The Pearl (The Marganitha)

 

1298

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter John Olivi. Franciscan extreme poverty. Invented papal infallibility on official statements

 

c.1279-1298

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter Quesnel, Franciscan in Norwich, England

 

died 1299?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Estimated 84 million Christians

1300

World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.97. 23% of world population of 362 million.

 

Mamluk king closes all churches in Egypt & Syria

1301

Syrian Christians suffer for 100 years. World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.124

 

Muslims martyr Roman Catholic friars in S. India

1302

per World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.239

 

Boniface VII's papal bull Unam Sanctam.

1302

French king Philip captures and tortures Pope Boniface VII for heresy. Others free him, but he dies a month later. The next pope, Benedict XI, dies mysteriously after a month. The next pope, Clement V, is France's puppet.

 

Roger Marston, pupil of John Pecham

 

-c.1303

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

King Philip the Fair expels Jews from France

1306

100,000 Jews banished

 

Apostolic Brethren and the Dulcinians (a type of Cathar)

1288-1307

Said 4 church ages, hold all property in common. Many were killed by papal troops, so they killed villagers below Mt. Parete Calva for not defending them.

 

John Duns Scotus Erigenus, pupil of Roger Marston. Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. Pre-existence of souls

 

1300-1308

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

James of Viterbo (Giacomo Viterbo), pupil of Giles of Rome

 

died 1308

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clement V excommunicates all Venetians

1309

The city of Venice had opposed the election of Clement V as pope.

 

Muslims massacre Christians in Arbela, (modern Iraq)

1310

 Kurds and Arabs destroyed the city

 

Council of Vienne, 20 cardinals, 4 patriarchs, 100 abbots. run by King Philip IV of France and Pope Clement V.

1311-1313

Against Knights Templars to confiscate their great wealth. Fraticelli, and called the lay orders of Beghards, Beguines heretics that could then be burned at the stake.

 

Dante wrote the Divine Comedy

 

1314

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ramon Lull/Llull. Inspired by Francis of Assisi, mathematician who influenced Leibnitz, Catalan and Arabic writer, missionary to Muslims. 

1274-1314/1315

Spent 9 years studying Arabic. Advocated converting Muslims by persuasion, not force. He started schools to train missionaries to Muslims. Stoned to death by Muslims in Tunis or Bugia, Algeria.

 

Giles of Rome, pupil of Thomas Aquinas

 

1272-1316

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mark of Beijing becomes Nestorian Patriarch

1281-1317

Consecrates 75 bishops. 1301 Submits to Roman Pope Benedict XI. See World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.124

 

Last Nestorian Persian Synod elects Timothy II as Patriarch

 

1318

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslims execute most Christians in Egypt

1321

Almost all churches and monasteries destroyed

 

Over 5,000 Jews burned in Guienne, France

1321

Accused of having wells poisoned. Last of Cathars killed too.

 

Pope John XXII, who was against Franciscans, issued the bull Qui quorundam. 

1324

In the bull Qui quorundam he says papal infallibility is “the work of the devil.” He was pope for 18 years after that. Some Catholics consider this pope a heretic.

 

French king Louis deposes Pope John XXII for heresy

1328

The next pope, Nicholas V was deposed in 1329 when Louis left Rome.

 

Marsilius of Padua, later archbishop of Milan, persecutes catholic clergy loyal to John XXII

1328-

 

 

Meister Eckhart. strange mystical views

 

c.1294-c.1328

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nestorians almost extinct in China

1330

Only 30K Nestorians left in China, per to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.125

 

Durandus of Saint-Pourcain

 

c.1313-1332

Wrote commentaries on Peter Lombard's Sentences

 

Thomas Waleys, Dominican friar 

1333

Imprisoned for saying saints and purified souls see God immediately after death.

 

Muslims massacre Christians in Almaliq

1338/1339

after Chagatai Khan Chingshi died. Richard of Almalik & 6 Franciscans killed too

 

Mongol Emperors Christian Alan guards

1340

They write to Pope to send missionaries. World Christian trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.125

 

Council of Constantinople VIII

1341

Condemned monk Barlaam for opposing Hesychasts on Mt. Athos

 

Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro. Commentary on Peter Lombard’s Sentences

 

c.1300-1342

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marsiglio/Marsilius of Padua, Italy. Wrote Defensor pacis, one of the most important documents of that century.

1324-1342

Used scripture against the pope’s supreme authority. The Church gets its power from the state, and church councils are higher than the pope. Persecuted clergy in Bavaria loyal to Pope John XXII.

 

Franciscan friar William of Ockham

1321-1347

Fideist: only faith, not reason can lead us to truth. Against unlimited papal power

 

Gregory Akindos (against Ascetic Hesychasts)

 

-c.1347

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Barlaam of Seminara – against Hesychasm

 

1333-1348

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John of Monte Corvino 

1247-1348

 Franciscan missionary to India and China

 

Franciscan Nicholas of Lyra, influential Bible commentator

1309-1349

Emphasized the Bible’s literal meaning. He influenced Martin Luther.

 

Thomas Bradwardine, mathematician, astronomer, archbishop of Canterbury 

1321-1349

Wrote against Pelagianism. Thought stars had an influence on people's character.

 

Black death over the old world

1347-1353

kills 75M, 17% of the world. 13M China, 20-33% of Europe

 

Over 1 million Jews killed. 11K burned in Germany

1337-1353

Jews blamed for Black Death, per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.125

 

Christians execute 12K Jews in Toledo, Spain

1355

Per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.126

 

Gregory Palamas, defender of Hesychasm (senseless prayer)

 

1335-1359

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Richard FitzRalph of Armagh - dominion doctrine 

1328-1360

Don’t pay money to corrupt clergy. He was summoned to Avignon & then disappeared

 

Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus Ecclesiastical History. Poem on the Gospels

 

ca.1320-1360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Johannes Tauler. Disciple of Meister Eckhart and universalist

 

1330-1361

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Henry Suso. Disciple of Meister Eckhart

 

c.1327-1366

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Babylonian Captivity” when Pope moves to France

1305-1378

Popes were safer in the land of their French overlords

 

Tamerlane’s “holy war” destroys 700 Georgian towns

1358-1378

All churches in Tiflis. per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239

 

Catherine of Sienna

 

1347-1380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macarius Chrysocephalus of Constantinople

 

1300-1382

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Wycliffe & the Lollards in England

 

1367-1382

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Geert Groote founder of the Brethren of Common Life (=Modern Devotion Movement), which was a key influence on Thomas a Kempis 

1366-1384

After studying philosophy and science, a lay Christian who became helped the poor, started schools, and a missionary preacher who preached against clerical abuses until the Pope forbade non-clergy from preaching. Died nursing plague victims.

Luther studied under the Brethren of Common Life.

 

Otto of Passau The 24 Elders, or the Golden Throne of Loving Souls

 

fl.1386

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christian Uyghurs forced to convert to Islam

1390

Uyghurs east of Urumchi forced, per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.126

 

St. Stephen

died 1396

Missionary to Georgia

 

Henry of Langenstein, Germany. theologian, mathematician, wrote against astrology

 

1368-1397

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Cloud of Unknowing

 

1350-1400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Estimated 57 million Christians

1400 A.D.

World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.642. 16% of world population of 352 million.

 

Strigolniks of Pskov, Russia protesting

c.1400

against charging fees for sacraments. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.126

 

Muslim Tamerlane Sevaus. 4K Christians burned alive

1401

per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239

 

Muslim Tamerlane sacks Baghdad

1401

Tamerlane massacres thousands of Muslims and Christians

 

Muslim Tamerlane killed 17 million, 5% world pop.

1360-1405

Slaughtered 100K Hindus, fellow Muslims, and almost extinguished Nestorians

 

Nicholas Magni, disciple of Matthew of Krakow Tractatus de supersticionibus

 

1405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Henry of Kalkar. Theologian, musician, ascetic

 

c.1357-1408

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Bible in English is illegal in England

1408

Illegal to translate or read the Bible in English without the bishop's consent

 

Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného. Klementinum Codex

c.1355-1409

Czech Reformer, writer, translator, and theologian

 

Matthew of Krakow

 

1382-1410

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jean Petit, in the pay of Burgundy, justified killing those considered as tyrants

1408-1411

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Prague, Bohemia

1413

 

 

Jan Hus & the Hussites in Bohemia … If the pope sells grace … he is the Antichrist

 

1404-7/6/1415

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jan Hus burned at the stake

1415

per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239

 

John of Nepomuk martyred

1415

per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239

 

Jerome of Prague martyred

1416

per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.239

 

Julian of Norwich, English Anchorite

 

1373-1416

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Western Schism of dueling Catholic popes

1378-1417

Popes in both Rome and Avignon, France, ended by the Council of Constance

 

Council of Constance

1414-1418

Ends the great schism and burns Jan Hus at the stake. 3 Ethiopian envoys present. 1 Pope abdicated, 2 popes deposed, 1 pope elected. Condemns Wycliffe.

 

Dominican monk Vincent of Ferrier/Ferrer

1335-1419

Converted many Jews and non-violently persecuted others

 

Pope Martin V issues papal bull

Mar 17, 1420

Crusade to exterminate followers of Wycliffe, Huss, & other heretics

 

Tartars kill Christians in Russia

1422

Muslim Tartars rule Russia and kill Christians

 

German mystic Thomas a Kempis wrote The Imitation of Christ 

ca.1418-1427

One of the most-widely read Christian books in the Middle Ages and after. Influenced Thomas Moore, Jesuits, and John Wesley.

 

Jean Gerson. Against Jean Petit. 

c.1395-1429

Major theologian at the council of Constance.

 

Joan of Arc burned at the stake (Pope was English)

1431

Burned as a heretic. Declared innocent in 1456, canonized in 1920.

 

Hussite Wars

1419-1434

After Catholics executed Jan Hus, they invaded Bohemia and Hungary

 

Biblia Pauperum “Poor Man’s Bible”. 40 pages of catechism

 

1435

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Catalan Raymond of Sabunde Natural Theology. Influenced Blaise Pascal

 

1434-1436

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Basel, 7 cardinals, 6K clergy

1431-1437/1439

Accepted Hussites back, Orthodox. Orders all Jews to hear Christian sermons. Pope dissolved it in 1437 but it kept meeting anyway.

 

Matthew Doring helps depose Pope Eugene IV

 

1439

 

 

Council/Synod of Florence. 700 people

 

1439

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lorenzo Valla refuted The Donation of Constantine

 

1440

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Papal bull Cantate Domino at the Council of Florence

1442

Forbade anyone to observe the Sabbath or be circumcised

 

Mark, Metropolitan of Ephesus, hesychast, hymnist

1417-1444

Against union with Roman Catholics as heretics and schismatics. against purgatory. Follower of Gregory Palamas.

 

Christians first evangelize in Guinea. 

1445

per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.127

 

Gutenberg’s first Bible depose Pope Eugene IV 

1445

150 copies. Per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.127.

 

Nicole Boillet (St. Colette)

 

1406-3/1447

She founded the Colette Poor Clares under (Avignon) Antipope Benedict XIII. Canonized as a Catholic saint later

 

Medieval Christians: Cath., Orthodox, Copts

c.500-c.1500

W

W

m

W

 

 

 

 

W

W

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslim Qur’an or Sunni hadiths (5 collections)

 

c.609-

P

P

X

W

I

-

W

-

W

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Some moderate Muslims

-

 

 

 

W

I

-

 

 

W

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter Waldo/Valdes and the Waldenses in It., Fr., Sp.

 

1174/1175-1532

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hadmannus Schedelius Chronicle

 

1450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Albert Suho. wrote on theology and history from creation to 1452

 

1447-1452

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sultan Mehmed II captures Constantinople. 53-day siege

5/29/1453

Ottoman troops plundered and raped for three days.

Pope Nicholas V authorizes capturing slaves

1452,1455

Papal bulls Dum Diversas and Romanus Pontifex authorize enslaving non-Christians

 

Zinzendorf & the Moravian Brethren

 

1457-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nicholas of Cusa. Cardinal, mathematician, and theologian. Saw the Donation of Constantine was a fraud

1446-1464

Wrote Of Learned Ignorance. Our finite minds cannot know all about God, but we can know some within our limitations. Arbitrated with Hussites, Eastern Orthodox.

 

Matthew Doring. The Precious Blood of Wilsnack

 

1432-1469

Wrote on the primary of church councils over the pope. The communion wine miraculously survived when the church in Wilsnack burned down.

 

Christian Portuguese solders evangelize in Ghana

1471

Called the Gold Coast. Per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.127

 

Gennadios II (Scholarios) learned patriarch of Constantinople

 

1438-1472

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Pupper of Goch. German Augustinian monk, founded the convent of Malines.

1451-1475

Attacked scholastic theology, and called Thomas Aquinas “the prince of error”. Instead he stressed love, piety, and the liberty of Christians. “The canonical scriptures alone are entitled to a sure confidence.” Against Pelagianism. Luther admired him.

 

Start of Spanish Inquisition under Torquemada

1478-

120K condemned, imprisoned, or impoverished. At least 2K killed.

 

Johanne Ruchrat von Wesel. German Thomist Scholastic

1445-1481

Reformer before the Reformation. Scripture is the rule of faith. Against indulgences.

 

John of Wesalia. Scriptures are the only source of faith.

died 1482

Died in an inquisition prison The elect are saved by the grace of God alone.

 

Portuguese explore the Congo (Zaire)

1482

Franciscan and Dominican missionaries. Prince Mwemba baptized. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.127

 

Heinrich von Dissen. many commentaries & sermons

 

c.1437-1484

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Lallier of Sorbonne, France

ca.1484

Rome is not the head of other churches. It is a money-getting church. We are not bound to believe the legends of the saints any more than the Chronicles of France.

 

Christianity started in Nigeria (Benin), baptize the king.

1487

Portuguese bring the gospel to Nigeria. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.127

 

John Wessel Gansfort/Goesevoyrd, scholar and a “reformer before the Reformation”

1470-1489

Stop following corrupted shepherds/clergy. Offered to be made bishop but declined, asking for a copy of the scriptures in Hebrew instead. The Lord’s Supper was magical.

 

In Spain 180K Jews expelled, 350K forced to convert

1492

12K Jews burned in Spain as heretics. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128

 

Johannes Trimethius of Mainz

1494

bibliography of 1,000 church writers. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128

 

Gabriel Biel. Brethren of the Open Life, a founder of the University of Tubingen

1460-1495

Wrote Sentences of Peter Lombard, which influenced Martin Luther, and Canon of the Mass.

 

Bohemian Brethren. 400 churches 100K members

1495

in Bohemia & Moravia. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128

 

20% of Portugal are Jews. All must convert or leave

1497

200K converted or expelled. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128

 

Girolamo Savanarola, Dominican friar and reformer admired by Luther

1472-1498

Studied Augustine and Aquinas; against exploiting the poor. Made prophecies and wanted Florence to be a “new Jerusalem”, a world center for Christianity. Bonfires to throw in immoral books and luxury items. Hanged by the Roman Catholic church.

 

Portuguese forcibly convert Nestorians in India

1498

Portuguese force Nestorians to convert to Catholicism in India

 

Astrologer Johannes Stoeffler predicts end of the world

1499

Predicted on Feb 20, 1524. 1,000’s of German prepare by going on boats and a 3-story ark on the Rhine. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128

 

Portuguese Captain Pedro Alvares Cabral

1500

He brought 17 Roman Catholic missionaries to Goa

 

Estimated 76M or 100M Christians. 18% world pop 423M

1500 A.D.

per Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126 or World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.642

 

Russian Orthodox church has the Third Rome doctrine 

1500

Rome is heretical, Constantinople fell, so Moscow is now the center of Christianity.

 

In Spain, all Muslims must convert of leave

1499-1502

Inquisitor-general Cisneros forces all Muslims to convert or be expelled

 

No Jewish religion left in Rhodes, Greece

1502

All converted, exiled, or enslaved. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128

 

Paulus Scriptoris, Franciscan monk & mathematician 

1498-1505

Wrote a commentary on Duns Scotus. Catholic church exiled him for denying transubstantiation

 

Francis Xavier and Catholic missionaries in Mozambique

1506

King Gamba of Inhambane baptized. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128

 

Many ex-Jewish and ex-Muslim Christians killed

1506

Doubts that they genuinely converted. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.128

 

Johann Geiler Kaisenberg, famous evangelist

 

1475-1510

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Julius II, the Warring Pope. Raided Italian cities  

1504-1513

Church council suspended him, but he and his armies ignored it.

 

Jacques Almain. Opponent of Cajetan 

1512-1515

He and John Mair favored church councils over the Pope

 

Cardinal Ximenes/Jimenez de Cisneros of Spain

1516

No ship may travel to the New World without a priest for evangelism

 

Franciscan Cardinal Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros

1436-1517

Worked to reform the Catholic Church in Spain and Portugal

 

Bible printing in Europe

1456-1517

Printed over 70K Bibles in 15 languages plus 100K NT’s and 120K Psalters.

 

 

Fifth Lateran Council. Condemns soul sleep. 15 cardinals, 80 archbishops and bishops

 

1512-1517

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Totals

 

 

1+

1+

1-1+

1+

1+

1+

0+

0+

2+

1+

2+

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

Gv

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/FourthLAteranCouncilUntilLuthers95ThesesTeachingOnGovernmentGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatEphesusAndLaterChristiansTaughtOnExperienceAndPractice.html.

by Steven M. Morrison, PhD. If you find what you think are any omissions or errors, please email webmaster@biblequery.org

 

302 years Fourth Lateran Council until Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1215-1517) 190 entries, including 16.5 missions, 18.5 non-Christian persecutions, 1 spurious work, and 8.5 spiritual counterfeits

Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 until Thomas Aquinas 1274 A.D. – 34 entries

Thomas Aquinas 1274 A.D. until Jan Hus burned at the stake 1415 A.D. – 87 entries

Jan Hus burned at the stake (1415 A.D) until Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1517) – 69 entries