Nicea until Ephesus Teaching on Old and New Testaments Grid – Oct. 2024 version
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Legend for Cells |
On1. The Law was excellent or good. Ps 119:39; Rom 7:12-13,16 |
On11. Old and/or New Covenant Jer 31:31-34; Ezek 26:26-28; Lk 22:20b; Heb7:22,28;8:6-13;9:15;10:9-16 |
W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching |
On2.The Law is/was spiritual. Rom 7:14a |
On12. Using the term “Old Testament” - |
I = Implied this is true or opposite is false |
On3. Law a shadow of the gospel/things to come Col2:17;Heb8:5;10:1 |
On13. Using the term “New Testament” - |
N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed |
On4. Jesus superseded some OT laws Rom 8:1-4;10:4; Gal 3:25 |
On14. No more animal or blood sacrifices Heb 10:18-20 |
M = Mixed: some agree, others would not |
On5. Scripture/law/prophets/gospel was fulfilled. Lk 24:44; Jn 19:24 |
On15. No need to celebrate the Sabbath (except can fast) Hos 2:11 |
P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible |
On6. The prophets were until John Mt 11:13; Lk 16:16 |
On16. Eating meats forbidden to Jews OK. Mk 7:17-23, Acts 10:9-16; Col 2:16; Acts 15:28-29 |
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On7. OT said the Messiah had to suffer/die Lk 24:44-46 |
On17. The law is holy Rom 7:12 |
- = no reference found (so far) |
On8. OT has types of Christ Jn 1:51; 3:13; Rom 5:14; 1 Cor 10:1-4 |
On18. OT permitted divorce Mt 19:3-10; Mk 10:4 |
X = Disagree |
On9. Melchizedek was a type of Christ. Ps110:4: Heb7:1-17 |
On19. Jews & Christians worship the same God Mt 8:11-12a ; Acts 22:14; Rom 3:9-31; Heb 1:1 |
blank = not researched yet |
On10. Joshua was a type of Christ - |
On20. OT pointed to salvation in Christ in NT Lk 2-4 |
Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s |
Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Roman Catholics persecuting, brown=Christians persecuting
Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
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Council of Nicea I vs. Arians (c.318 bishops) |
3 |
May-Jun 325 |
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Estimated 1,800 Christian bishops in the world |
325 |
20 in Britain, 200+ in Italy, 3+ in Russia, 1+ in Turkmenistan, 20+ from the Caspian Sea to Bahrain,122+ Egypt per World Christian Trends; AD 30 – AD 2200 p.114-115. |
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P. Michigan Inv. 3521 Middle Coptic Jn 6:22-25; 15:9-11 |
c.325 |
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Persian king Shapur II persecutes Christians |
315,325-381 |
Persian Christians double-taxed after Constantine became a Christian. Violent persecution after 325. In Mesopotamia alone 1,150 Christians killed. |
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Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs |
325 |
In retaliation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill everyone in al-Hera. |
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Creed of Arius for Constantine to restore him |
0.1 |
328 |
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Juvencus’ poem: The Four Books of the Gospels |
31 |
329 |
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Gregory the Illuminator |
301-c.331 |
Brought Christianity to Armenia. Baptized his former persecutor, King Tiridates III |
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Shipwrecked Syrian slave Frumentius |
332 |
Enters Axum (Ethiopia) and later becomes the first bishop. |
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Constantine orders 50 vellum Greek Bibles |
331/332 |
Vaticanus and Sinaiticus are probably two of these. |
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Arian Council of Tyre to condemn Athanasius |
335 |
Marcellus of Ancyra wrote strongly against this |
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Eustathius of Berrhoea, then Antioch (against Origen & Eusebius of Nicomedia) |
< 0.25 |
324-337 |
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Gospel of Judas. Sahidic Coptic. Implied Jesus told Judas to turn him over to the Jewish authorities. |
3.7 |
220-340 |
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W |
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Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea) |
240 |
318-339/340 |
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W |
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W |
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Marcellus of Ancyra (said Trinity not forever) |
17 |
c.336 & 340 |
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St. Nino/Nuneh of Cappadocia |
320-338/340 |
A nun who fled the violent persecution of Armenia, converted Queen Nana and King Mirian III of Iberia/Georgia. The gospel spread all across Georgia. |
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Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops) |
3.5 |
summer 341 |
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Asterius the Sophist (Arian) |
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-c.341 |
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Mild Arian Creed of Antioch |
1 |
c.341/344 |
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Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline) |
5 |
343/344 |
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Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations (believed in soul sleep) |
67.25 |
337-345 |
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The Macrostich Creed (very detailed) |
2 |
344/345 |
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Aithalla of Edessa |
325-346 |
To the Christians of Persia on the Faith. Letter after attending the Council of Nicea. |
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Donatists violently persecuted in North Africa |
347 |
The Orthodox Roman Empire killed many Donatists. Donatists had 270 bishops. |
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Firmicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions. God rewards persecuting pagans. |
26 |
346/348 |
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A Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
1 |
315-350 |
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Mandaean writings (said Jesus a false prophet) |
3.5 |
>350? |
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Crosby-Schøyen (Sahidic Coptic) All of 1 Peter, Jonah. 2 Macc 5:27-7:41; Melito of Sardis On Pascha 47-105, a homily |
250-350 |
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Vaticanus (B) Most OT, all NT to Heb 9:15, no 1, 2 Tim, Tt, Phm, Rev. (6,979 verses) Every other NT verse except: Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Mk 7:16; 9:44,46; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 17:36; 22:43-44; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:6; 28:29; Rom 16:24; 1 Pet 5:3 |
325-350 |
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W |
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Sinaiticus (Aleph) half of OT. Every NT verse except: Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; 24:35; Mk 1:33; 7:16; 9:44,46; 10:36; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 10:32; 17:36; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; 16:15; 19:20; 20:5b-6; 21:25; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; Rom 16:24 |
340-350 |
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p25 Mt 18:32-34; 19:1-3,5-7,9f (8.5 verses) |
350 |
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p62 Mt 11:25-30 (6 verses) |
350 |
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p86 Mt5:13-16,22-25; p88 Mk2:1-26; p89 Heb6:7-9,15-17 |
350 |
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p120 Jn 1:5-28,33-38,42-44 (33 verses) |
350 |
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p123 1 Cor 14:31-34; 15:3-6 (8 verses) |
350 |
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p126 Heb 13:12-13:19-20 (4 verses) |
350 |
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Schoyen Papyrus 6 Akhminic Coptic Jn 10:1-2,4-7,9-10,20: 11:1-8,45-52; Jms 1:1-12; 1 Clem 1:1-26:2 |
4th century |
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Papyrus Osioensis Coptic Mt 11:25-30; Dan 3:51-53; Book of Odes |
4th century |
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p6 (Greek) Jn 10:1-2,4-7, 9-10; 11:1-8,45-52; (Akhminic Coptic) Jn 10:1-12,20; 13:1-2,11-12; Jms 1:13-5:20 (242 verses) |
4th century |
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p8 Acts 4:31-37;5:2-9;6:6,8-15 p10 Rom 1:1-7 (29 verses) |
4th century |
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p71 Mt 19:10f;17f (parts of 2 verses) |
4th century |
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p139 Phm 6-8,18-20 (6 verses) |
4th century |
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058 Mt 18:18-19.22-23.25-26.28-29 (8 verses) |
4th century |
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0169 (= the Princeton fragment) Rev 3:19-4:3 (7 verses) |
4th century |
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0185 1 Cor 2:5-6,9,13; 3:2-3 (6 verses) |
4th century |
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0188 Mk 11:11-17 (6 verses) |
4th century |
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0206 1 Pet 5:1-13 (13 verses) |
4th century |
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0207 Rev 9:2-15 (13 verses) |
4th century |
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0221 Rom 5:16-17,19; 5:21-6:3 (7 verses) |
4th century |
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0222 1 Cor 9:5-7,10,12-13 (6 verses) |
4th century |
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0228 Heb 12:19-21,23-25 (6 verses) |
4th century |
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0230 Eph 6:11-12 (2 verses) |
4th century |
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0231 Mt 26:75; 27:1,3-4 (4 verses) |
4th century |
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0242 Mt 8:25-9:2; 13:32-38,40-46 (24 verses) |
4th century |
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0258 Jn 10:25-26 (2 verses) |
4th century |
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0308 Rev 11:15-16, 11:17-18 (4 verses) |
4th century |
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Cairo Geniza Old Testament Fragments |
4th century |
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Michigan MS Inv 3992 1 Cor Tt, Ps |
4th century |
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Berlin MS Or. 408 Phm, 1 Jn, Rev |
4th century |
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Bodmer III Bohairic Coptic Jn 1:1-21:25; Gen 1:1-4:2 |
4th century |
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Amon of Adrianople (martyr) |
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4th century |
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Apostolic Canons (=Apostolical Canons) |
6 |
4th century |
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Faustus of Milevis/Milevum (Manichaean) |
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4th century |
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Hegemonius of Sirmium Acts of Archelaus Disputation with Manes |
58.75 |
4th century |
W |
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W |
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History of Joseph the Carpenter |
6.5 |
4th century |
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Book of Mary’s Repose (extant in Ethiopic) |
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4th century |
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Six Books Dormition Narrative |
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4th century |
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Gospel of Nicodemus (=Acts of Pilate 2). First Greek form. Discusses Jesus’ descent into Hell. |
9.5 |
mid-4th century |
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Kukeans (mentioned by Ephraim and Bar-Konai) |
mid-4th century |
God was born from the Awakened Sea in the World of Light, and procreated with his own image |
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Patriarch Paul I of Constantinople |
337-350 |
Wrote against Arians. Emperor deposed 3 times. Finally strangled by Arians. |
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Macarius the Great Apocriticus |
12 |
300-350 |
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pseudo-Justin Martyr. (anonymous) Hortatory Address to the Greeks, Sole Government of God |
20.5 |
200-351-? |
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First Council of Sirmium (Greek creed) |
1.5 |
351 |
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Julius I of Rome. said Marcellus was Trinitarian |
9 |
339-352 |
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Ammonas the Hermit of Egypt. (Origenist, successor of Anthony, a founder of monasticism) |
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340-348/353 |
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Third synod of Arles |
353 |
Supported Arianism and against Athanasius |
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Furius Filocalus. Chronology of 354 |
20 |
354 |
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Theodore of Heraclea |
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c.330-355 |
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- |
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Council of Arminum, Nicene/Arian compromise Athanasius against all councils after Nicea |
0.5 |
355 |
- |
- |
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- |
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Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis (Euchologion) (supporter of Athanasius and anti-Origenist) |
6.2 |
350-356 |
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Fourth Council of Sirmium |
357 |
Father neither the same nor similar substance as the Son, but greater than the Son |
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George/Georgius of Laodicea (Arian to Semi-Arian). Letter to be reinstated as bishop. |
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358 |
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Synod of Seleucia in Isauria (160 bishops) |
0.2 |
357/358 |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
King Ezana of Aksum becomes a Christian |
c.325-360 |
King of Ethiopia, Sudan, and parts of Egypt and Yemen |
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Eusebius of Emesa/Amasea. On the Sufferings and Death of our Lord |
3.5 |
c.359/360 |
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Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal |
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c.350-360 |
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Jews forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem |
325-361 |
Constantine forbids Jews to be in Jerusalem. Julian later rescinds this decree. |
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Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
337-353-361 |
Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding. |
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Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace |
0.5 |
356-361 |
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Life of Antony (probably by Athanasius) |
26.5 |
356-362 |
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Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius |
c.4 |
359-362 |
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Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial) |
c.8 |
359-362 |
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Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia |
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late 4th cent. |
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Julian the Apostate again makes paganism the official Roman religion |
361-363 |
Roman emperor Julian tries to restore paganism until he dies in battle against the Persians. Valentinian becomes emperor in the west, Arian Valens in the east. |
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Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza |
361-363 |
Emperor Julian shows some toleration, yet permits persecution of Christians. |
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Council of Lampascus, near Nicea |
364 |
Rejects the Council of Arminum and Constantinople, affirms Nicea, seems semi-Arian |
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Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius |
354-365 |
Liberius banished by Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius. |
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Exposition of Patricius and Aetius |
0.3 |
363-365 |
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Arian Acacius of Caesarea (liked Eusebius of Caesarea, against Cyril of Jerusalem) |
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366 |
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Aëtius of Antioch. Wrote On the Faith |
350-367 |
Debated that since God must be unbegotten, therefore the Son cannot be God. |
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Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
226.5 |
355-367/368 |
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Theodore of Tabennesi, Egypt |
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died 368 |
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Council of Tyana, in Asia Minor |
368 |
Rejects the Council of Arminum, affirms Nicea, and reinstates Eustathius of Sebaste |
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Council of Ashtishat, Armenia called by Narses |
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c.353-369 |
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Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae |
3 |
350-370 |
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Cheltenham Canon (=Mommsen Catalogue) |
0.25 |
ca.360-370 |
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Aetius of Anomean wrote the Syntagmation |
324-370 |
Anomeans were extreme Arians, saying the Son is unlike the Father. |
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Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east |
370 |
Valens is later killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism. |
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Messalians (Adelphius & Alexander the Sleepless) |
370-1231 |
Nothing matters except prayer, which became their idol. Condemned at Ephesus. |
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Eusebius of Vercelli (persecuted by Arians) |
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c.345-370/371 |
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Vercellensis (Latin a) Mt 1:1-25:1; 25:13-end; Mk 1:1-21;1:35-15:14; Lk 1:1-11:11; 11:27-12:36; 13:1-end. Oldest surviving Latin NT MS. |
c.345-371 |
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W |
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Arians kill Orthodox Copts in Egypt |
372 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.238 |
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Athanasius of Alexandria (partial) |
412 |
325-373 |
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P |
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W |
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W |
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Nag Hamadi Teachings of Silvanus |
7 |
before 375 |
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Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) Against Donatists |
70.75 |
373-375 |
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W |
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Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths |
369-376 |
After converting to Arianism, Athanaric persecuted Orthodox Christians. |
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Titus of Bostra. Dead purified after death (like purgatory). 4 books against the Manichees. |
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before 378 |
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Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial) (soul sleep) |
161.25 |
350-378 |
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I |
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Fighting: Damasus I vs. Ursinus as Roman bishop |
366-378 |
Emperor sends in troops to stop the fighting. 137 of Ursinus' followers killed. |
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Macedonius, Pneumatomachian patriarch of Constantinople |
342-379 |
Expelled and tortured Novatianist and Orthodox Christians in Greece and the Balkans. Dug up the corpse of Constantine I. |
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Macrina, younger sister of Basil/Greg. Nyssa |
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c.327-379 |
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Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial) |
326 |
357-378/379 |
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W |
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W |
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W |
W |
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W |
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Synod of Antioch under Gregory Nyssa |
378/379 |
Against both those who worshipped Mary and those who denied the perpetual virginity of Mary, mother of God |
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Apocalypse of Elijah (both a Jewish and a Christianized Coptic version) |
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before 380 |
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Zeno of Verona (90 sermons) |
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362-380 |
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Sapor II persecutes Christians in Persia |
379/380-401/2 |
Heliodorus, Dosa, Ia, and 8K-9K others killed |
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Apostolic Constitutions (=Constitutions of the Holy Apostles) |
114 |
375-380 |
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X |
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Council of Saragossa, Spain |
380 |
condemned Priscillian, Salvianus, Instantius, & Helpidius (all had refused to appear) |
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Orsiesius/Orsisius of Tabenna |
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c.380 |
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Faustinus of Rome, Luciferian, On the Trinity |
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ca.380 |
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Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) (undisputed) |
4.5 |
343-381 |
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W |
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W |
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Council of Gangra -vs. Eustastius of Sabaste |
1.33 |
345-381 |
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Meletius of Antioch (taught Diodore) |
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381 |
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First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
3.75 |
381-382 |
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W |
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- |
- |
- |
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Council of Rome under Damasus I |
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382 |
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Eunomius of Cyzicus (Extreme Anomean Arian) |
10.6 |
360-c.383/395 |
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Bachiarius Libellis de Fide |
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ca.383 |
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Ambrosiaster Questions on the Old and New Testaments (Latin) |
157.8 |
c.384 |
W |
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W |
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W |
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Helvidius/Helvetius. Jerome was against his view |
before 383 |
Jesus’ brothers and sisters in the Bible proved that Mary had children after Jesus. |
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Genuine Acts of Peter of Alexandria |
7.75 |
after 384 |
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Fritigern, Ullingswick, & Ufilas convert Goths to Arianism |
360-383 |
For Ufilas see Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History book 4 ch.33 p.115 and Sozomon’s Ecclesiastical History book 4 ch.23 p.319 and book 6 ch.37 p.373. |
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Creed of Ufilas (Wulfila/Ufolu/Ulphilas/Orhpila) |
0.25 |
348-383 |
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Jacob of Nisibis |
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305-385 |
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Gregory of Elvira, Spain |
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359-385 |
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Macedonian and Priscillian heresies |
c.383, 385 |
Macedonians denied H.S. a being. Priscillian denied Jesus God. killed 385 A.D. |
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Priscillian of Avila, denied the Trinity |
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385 |
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Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem) |
142 |
c.349-386 |
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W |
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W |
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W |
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- |
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Queen Fritigil and the Marcomanni (lived in Bohemia) |
c.390 |
Most missionary activity in N. Europe was through slaves and soldiers |
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Paulinus to Augustine Letters 25,30 |
2.6 |
394,396 |
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Vision of Paul (Augustine said forged) |
15.25 |
c.388 |
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Christians burn down Valentinian Gnostic chapel |
388 |
At the Byzantine outpost of Callinicum in Iraq |
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Damasus I of Rome against Arian Nica Creed |
2 |
c.386-389/384 |
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Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism) |
446.25 |
370-390 |
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W |
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- |
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W |
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