Start of Muslim Conquests Until Fourth Lateran Council Teaching on Apologetics Grid – Dec. 2023 version

 

 

Legend for Cells

Ap1. Answering questions of others Mk10:17-21; Lk12:14-17; 1Cor7

Ap11. Moses is older than Homer

W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching

Ap2. Answering alleged contradictions

 

I = Implied this is true or opposite is false

Ap3. Answering false moral accusations

 

N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed

Ap4. Using questions Hag1:4,5,9; 2:11-13;Mal 3:7,8; Jn 10:34; 11:9

 

M = Mixed: some agree, others would not

Ap5. Nature witnesses to God Ps 19; Rom 1:18-20

 

P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible

Ap6. Appeal to science

 

Ap7. First Cause (cosmological argument)

 

- = no reference found (so far)

Ap8. Only One is supreme

 

X = Disagree

Ap9. Appeal to historians Josh 10:13; 2 Sam 1:18; Num 21:14

 

blank = not researched yet

Ap10. Using chronology in apologetics

 

Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s

Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Roman Catholics persecuting, brown=Christians persecuting

 

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

Ap1

Ap2

Ap3

Ap4

Ap5

Ap6

Ap7

Ap8

Ap9

Ap10

Ap11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslim conquests against non-Muslims

634-

Muslims invade from Syria to France, and from Persia to India. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119 says in 660 most Egyptians convert from Christianity to Islam.

 

Alopen brings Nestorian Christianity to China

 

635

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Irish monk Aiden of Lindisfarne

c.635

Missionary to the Picts and Scots in Scotland and to re-Christianize Northumbria after Anglo-Saxons stamped out Christianity & the missionary before him was unsuccessful

 

Isidore of Seville, scholar Etymologiae

 

601-636

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5th Council of Toledo, Spain

 

636

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monothelite-leaning Pope Honorius of Rome

625-638

Anathematized as a heretic by 3rd Council of Constantinople in 680

 

6th Council of Toledo, Spain (53 bishops)

 

Jan, 638

Against Jews. Excommunicate Traitors; bishops abroad who were against the emperor should be penitents until death

 

Sahdone/Sahdona (=Martyrius) On Psalms

 

c.635-640

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chronicle of Alexandria

 

640

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

estimated Christian population in millions

c.640

Persia: 1m, Egypt: 3m Copt, 0.2m Orthodox, North African Berbers: 5.2m (80%). According to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119

 

Bafri, a Chinese princess returning from Nineveh

642

contributes money to rebuild the Church of St. Mary in Urmia, Northwestern Iran

 

7th Council of Toledo, Spain (41 bishops)

 

Nov, 646

Same as 5th Council. Against Jews

 

Lateran Council condemns monothelites (150 bishops)

 

649

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oecumenius teaches the sinlessness of Mary

 

550-650

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ananias of Shiraly, Armenia

 

ca.600-650

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syriac Peshita (SyrP) All OT, All NT except 2 Pet, 2,3 Jn, Jude, Rev

600/650

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cogitosus of Kildare. Wrote a biography of Brigid of Kildare

 

c.650

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

North African Berbers bring Christianity to Niger

c.650

They were escaping Muslim conquest. World Christian Trends AD 33-AD 2200 p.119

 

First Christians in Sumatra, Indonesia

c.650

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119

 

First  Nestorian missionaries to Mongols

c.650

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119

 

Andreas of Caesarea

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Modestus of Jerusalem (Mary the new Eve)

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pseudo-Athanasius

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

096  Acts 2:6-17; 26:7-28; 097 Acts 13:39-46

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

098 2 Cor 11:9-19; 099 Mk 6:6-18

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0102 Lk 4:3-29; Mt 21:24-24:15

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p31, p34, 0106/0119, 0107, 0108, 0109, 0111, 0145, 0167, 0183, 0204, 0209, 0210, 0239, 0262

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0275 Mt 5:25-29; 29-30; 0303 Lk 13:17-29

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Antiochus of Ankara. Wrote Pandect: compilation of Bible and Patristic text, and lists all heresies.

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liturgy of Adaeus and Mari

7.5

7th century

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Braulio of Saragossa Life of St. Aemilianus

 

631-651

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Constantine of Mananalis, started Paulicans

c.640 or657

Also called Euchites, they were ascetic, vegetarian Gnostics or neo-Manichaeans

 

Maximus Confessor of Constantinople Chalcedonian

 

c.638-658

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter of Columbanus to Gregory

 

before 664

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Whitby to set the date of Easter

 

664

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ildefonsus of Toledo. Perpetual Virginity of Mary

 

c.650-667

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Climacus (John of the Ladder)

 

before 670

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Hertford, Britain. Theodore of Tarsus, archbishop of Canterbury, presided

1

673/674

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Bordeaux, France

 

675

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arbogast of Strasburg 

-678

Missionary to Alsace. He was either from Scotland, Ireland or Aquitaine.

 

Monothelites, orthodox/monophysite compromise

 

633-680

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caedmon’s Hymn. First Northumbrian poetry

 

658-680

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Agatho to the 3rd Council of Constant.

6.5

Nov 15, 680

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3rd council of Constantinople (6th ecumenical)

8

680-681

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Constantine Mananalis

 

657-684

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Athanasius II Baldoyou Syrian Orthodox Patriarch

 

645-686

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Killian/Cillian of Kildare 

c.660-689

Irish missionary to Germany. Martyred in Wurzburg

 

Julian of Toledo. Wrote on messianic prophecies and persecuting Jews

 

c.670-690

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quinisext Council (=Council in Trullo)

18

692

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arian Visigoths persecute Jews in Spain

623-693

Jews were killed, forced to convert, or expelled from Toledo & Spain

 

Orthodox sack monastery of St. Maro, Lebanon

694

Kill 500 Maronite monks according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119

 

Copt historian John of Nikiou, Egypt (wrote against Islam. Said Islam was God’s punishment against Chalcedonians

 

c.680-696

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vision of Ezra. Ezra sees torments in Tartarus.

1.5

4/7th cent.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apocalypse of pseudo-Methodius 

late 7th cent.

Written in north Syria, it describes Muslim conquest and a future Roman deliverer.

 

Nineveh (=the Syrian) (Nestorian) ascetic wrote on the inner life

 

c.700/7th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Estimated 41M Christians, 20% world pop. 205M 

700

World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.97,119

 

p43, 0277, 0281, 0291

7/8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0289

7/8th century?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Avenging of the Savior (Legend of Veronica)

4

7/8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anastasius of Sinai (= of Sinaita)

 

died c.700

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

James of Edessa

 

c.700

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslims kill many Christians in North Africa

700-

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119

 

Buddhist Empress Wu Zetian

698-705

Burned Nestorian churches and monasteries in China

 

Frankish Rupert of Salzburg 

700-710

Missionary along the Danube River

 

2nd Buddhist persecution of Christians in China

712-713

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119

 

Muslim caliph Omar II destroys all new churches

717-

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119

 

Judaism outlawed in Constantinople

722

Judaism illegal in the capital

 

Franks defeat Muslims in the Battle of Tours France

Oct 10, 732

Charles Martel stops Muslim Jihad. Arabs broke ranks when camp & plunder attacked

 

Bede the Venerable, English historian. Finished translating John as he lay dying.

 

731-735

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Willibrord, Apostle to the Frisians 

c.695-739

One of the first to reach the Frisians in the Netherlands. His father knew Alcuin.

 

Andrew of Crete, hymn writer. He was the first to claim Luke draw a secret picture of Jesus.

 

712-726/740

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anastasius Abba

 

740

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Roman Pope Gregory III (defender of icons) 

731-741

Condemns iconoclasm and supports icons

 

Fabricius

 

740-742

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Councils of Germanicum and Lestines

742 & 743

Banned Easter fires

 

Council of Franconia

747

 

 

Leontius of Neapolis Life of Symeon

 

mid 7th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John of Damascus (defender of icons & relics)

98.5

706-749

 

 

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aduius and the Audians of Mesopotamia

706-749

Epiphanius wrote against them. Accepted the Gnostic Apocryphon of John.

 

Codex Amiatinus (No 1 Jn 5:7)

700-750

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nestorians evangelize in modern-day Pakistan/Punjab

750

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.119

 

Hesychius, Pros Theodoulon

 

c.750?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

L(e)

8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p42, 095, 0101, 0126, 0127, 0146, 0148, 0161, 0229, 0234, 0238

8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John the Elder of Mt. Qardu, N. Iraq (monk)

 

8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Hieria (=Council of Constantinople V) (338 bishops, against icons) 

754

"the unlawful art of painting living creatures blasphemed the fundamental doctrine of our salvation--namely, the Incarnation of Christ, & contradicted the six holy synods”

 

Boniface, missionary to the Germans 

c.716-Jun 754

Cut down the Donar Oak dedicated to Thor. Martyred with 52 others by bandits in Frisia (Netherlands)

 

Uighurs convert from Nestorianism to Manichaeism

762

In central Asia/western China, Uighurs abandon Nestorian Christian roots.

 

Lateran Synod/Council 

769

Catholic synod supports icons and condemns the Council of Hieria

 

John the Anchorite of Beth Mari Qanon. Lives of Female Saints & Martyrs (has Sinaitic Syriac palimpsest)

358

778

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nestorian Ta-ch'in-ching-chiao stele in Xian

1

781

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Second Council of Nicea (7th ecumenical) 367 bishops 

787

Both Catholics and Orthodox condemn Adoptionism, and the Council of Hieria. Restored icons. Every church that is built should have a relic.

 

Charlemagne kills Saxons who don’t convert

787

After defeating the Saxons, Charlemagne killed 14K who would not convert

 

Georgius Syncellus Chronicle

 

790

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synodicon Orientale

790

List of Nestorian synods and canons

 

Cosmas of Maiuma / Jerusalem. Iconophile 

743-773/794

Hymn writer, foster brother of John of Damascus. Wrote on Gregory Nanzianzus

 

Council of Frankfurt

794

 

 

Beatus

 

798

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Donation of Constantine fraud giving western Roman Empire to the Popes

 

750-800

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0279, 0298

8/9th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beatus of Liebana, Spain. Commentary on the Apocalypse. Compiled words of prior Christians

 

776-c.800

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore Bar-Konai Book of Scholia (description of heresies)

 

end of 8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Nestorian Christianity the main religion in central Asia 

800

from the Caspian Sea to Xinjiang, per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.120

 

Alcuin of York, scholar under Charlemagne

 

782-804

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslim caliph Harun al-Rashid tears down churches

807

 

 

Benedict of Aniane, France

 

780-821

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Timothy I, Nestorian Patriarch. Apology for Christianity

 

780-823

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Paris

824

France & Greek Orthodox Church tried to agree on the devotion to be paid to images

 

Theodore Abu Qurrah, Arabian who debated monophysites

 

813-820/825

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore the Studite/Stoudite (Orthodox, icons)

 

759-826

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Claudius of Turin, many Bible commentaries 

810-827

Iconoclast against “picture-worshippers” and venerating the cross. All bishops equal. Prefigured Waldensians & reformers.

 

Nicephorus I of Constantinople (Stichiometry)

 

806-828

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isho Ben Nun (Nestorian) Select Questions

 

823-828

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abd al-Masih ibn Isaq al-Kindi (court official who wrote to convert a Muslim)

 

830

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Langres, France

 

830

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Thionville, (Diedenhofer), France

 

835

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Georgius Monachus (Hamartolos) chronicler against iconoclasts

 

after 842

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taoist Chinese Emperor Wu persecutes Buddhists and Nestorians

840-846

Non-violent but severe persecution. Much land was tied up by Buddhist monasteries. Nestorian Christianity was never as prominent in China again.

 

Amulo of Lyons Against the Jews to King Charles

 

ca.847

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Mayence (Mainz), Germany

848

Condemned Gottschalk for double predestination. Imprisoned him for 20 years

 

Amalarius of Metz (= of Symphosius) liturgist

 

847

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslim caliph al-Mutawakkil persecutes Christians

849/850

Muslims invaded from Syria to France, and from Persia to India

 

Kerala copper plates give details of Christians in India

 

c.850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Malela Chronicles

 

c.850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amalarius of Metz & Treves/Trier

809-c.850

Liturgical writer and disciple of Alcuin. Wrote against Gottschalk’s predestination.

 

Byzantine Lectionaries

9th century-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Vallicellianus (written in Tours)

9th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Cavensis (has 1 Jn 5:7)

9th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sedulius Scotus (Suadbar) of Ireland. Bible commentator, logician, 90 poems

 

9th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pseudo-Zephyrinus of Rome. Two Letters

 

9th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apocalypse of the Holy Mother of God Concerning Chastisements

5.5

9th century?

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isho’dad of Merv. Syrian NT commentary

 

c.852

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Second Synod of Quierzy/Chiersy under Hincmar of Reims

853

Condemned double predestination. Some predestined through foreknowledge to be saved by freewill through grace. God desires all to be saved, and Christ died for all.

 

Synod of Valence under Remigius of Lyons (852-875)

Jan. 855

Double predestination, limited atonement. Against Hincmar; differed from Gottschalk.

 

Rabanus Maurus of Mainz, Bible commentator

 

c.776-856

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Photian Schism under Photius patriarch of Constantinople 

857

Constantinople and Rome divide over Roman Pope supreme and adding the Holy Spirit sent "and the Son" after "by the Father"

 

False Decretals, probably by Isidore Mercator. Know to be fake by 1100 A.D. (100 letters)

30

847-859

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John of Darus

825-860

Syriac Orthodox church historian. Also wrote on the Soul, Paradise, and Creation.

 

Paschasius Radbertus

 

786-865

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ansger/Anskar of Hamburg, Apostle to the North

820-865

Missionary in Scandinavia. 829 evangelized the Swedes

 

Rudolf of Fulda, Hesse. Important writer

 

died 865

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gottschalk of Orbais, France (against Rabanus Maurus)

840-866/8

Influential teacher of double predestination. Imprisoned for 20 years, where he became mentally deranged.

 

Arabic codex 151 Acts, Paul, Hebrews, general epistles

867

It used “Yesuah”, not “Isa” for Jesus.

 

Paschasius Ratremus of Corbie On the Eucharist

 

744-868

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emperor Basil I calls Council of Constantinople VI

869-870

Deposed Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople (He was reinstated in 879.)

 

Synod of Douzy, France

 

871

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Donatus of Fiesole 

850-876

Teacher and poet from Galway, Ireland

 

Synod of Pontion, France

 

876

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Scotus Eirugena (Irish-born), Neo-Platonist theologian who succeeded Alcuin under Charlemagne. Believed in pre-existence of souls

 

c.848-c.877

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anastasius Bibliothecarius (librarian, historian)

 

858-878

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Constantinople VII

879

Reinstated Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople and repudiated the Constantinople VI

 

Synod of Lyons, France

 

886

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Photius I (the Great) of Constantinople

 

c.858-891

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril and Methodius missionaries from Constantinople to Slavs in Moravia

846-895

Moravian prince Ratislav requested they come to establish a national church, standardize the Slavonic language, and counter the influence of Frankish missionaries

 

Cadaver Synod condemns Pope Formosus

Jan. 897

Roman Pope Stephen (VI) VII convicts dead Roman Pope Formosus.

 

Magyars of Hungary become Christians

900

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Regino of Prum Chronicon (Chronicler)

 

892-915

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moses Bar Kepha

 

died 903

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Remigius of Auxerre. Commentaries on Gen, Ps

 

867-908

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synodicon Vetus (=Libellus Synodicus)

887-920

A history of eastern church councils up to 887 and western church councils up to 400

 

Jewish Aleppo Codex of the Old Testament

c.920

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

King Boris and Bulgars convert to Christianity

864-927

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Arethas of Caesarea. commentaries on the Apocalypse & Marcus Aurelius' Meditations.

 

fl.932

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Saadya Gaon makes the 1st Arabic translation of the Pentateuch

892-942

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslims capture 50% of former Christian lands

c.949

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Roman Catholic priests could no longer marry

950

changed with Pope Hildebrand’s reform. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Bernard of Thuringia predicts world’s end soon

960

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Poland becomes Christian

966

Duke Mieszko I is converted by his wife. World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Suidas

 

980

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vikings repeatedly kill all at Iona monastery

794-986

794, 801, 806, 825, 986. per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.120

 

Iraqi Muslim rulers appoint the Nestorian Catholicos’s 

987

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Synods of Charroux, Narbonne, and Puy, France

990

 

 

Council of Limoges, France

991

 

 

Bernard of  Thuringia

992

Predicts the end of the world, per to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Council of Poitiers, France

998

 

 

Jesus Sutras of Mogao cave near Dunhuang blended Nestorian, Buddhist, and Taoist thought

 

635-1000 A.D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Simon Metaphrastes Martyrdom of Shamuna, Guria & Habib

5.5

800-1000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fatimid Egyptians expand and persecute Christians

969-1000

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Many go to Jerusalem to await Christ’s return

1000

according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Persian has 68 cities with Nestorian churches 

1000

but only 7 after Tamerlane in 1380, per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

 Nestorian Christians in Korea

c.1000

According to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121

 

Caedmon manuscript (=Junius ms.) 5,019 stanzas

 

c.1000

Anonymous poetry on Genesis, Exodus, Daniel, and Christ and Satan

 

Council of Thoinville, Germany

 

1003

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Frankfurt, Germany

 

1007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jewish Leningrad Codex of the Old Testament

c.1008

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews

1004-1012

Egyptian Fatimid Caliph Hakim terrorizes pilgrims & desecrates Jerusalem in 1009. He destroys 3,000 churches according to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121.

 

Kerait Mongol tribe becomes Nestorian Christian

1009

According to Abdisho of Merve’s report to John VI

 

 Over 50% of the pop. Nestorians in Syria, Iraq and Khorasan

1020

According to World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.121. Muslim rulers might consider being Orthodox or Roman Catholic as disloyal.

 

Symeon the New Theologian

 

979-1022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Seligenstadt, Germany

 

1023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Burchard of Worms, wrote a canon law

 

c.1000-1025

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Arras I against Manichaeans

 

1025

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Bourges, France

 

1038

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ivo of Chartres, France

c.1040

wrote Tripartia, Panormia, Decretum on church canon law.

 

Abu’l Faraj ‘Abdulla ibn-at-Tayyib

 

- Oct 1043

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Ambrosianus (5 Gothic manuscripts)

6th to 11th c.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Rheims under Pope Leo IX

 

1049

Declared that the Pope is primary as the success of Peter

 

Antony/Antonius Melissa Loci Communes. Collection of sentences

 

11th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John the Deacon 

11th century

Wrote On the Veneration of Saints and Against Soul Sleep

 

Council of Paris condemned Berengar of Tours

1051

Berengar of Tours denied Transubstantiation

 

Great Schism of the Catholic & Orthodox churches

1054

After Orthodox closed all Catholic Churches in their lands, the two sides met, and excommunicated each other. Both sides repealed this in 1964.

 

Council of Rome II condemned Berengar of Tours

1059

Berengar of Tours denied Transubstantiation

 

Cedranus Compendium of History

 

1060

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Worms, Germany

1076

 

 

Council of Rome II condemned Berengar of Tours

1079

Berengar of Tours denied Transubstantiation

 

Council of Burgos

1080

For church rituals Spain would use the Roman rite instead of the Visigothic rite

 

Theophylact of Ohrid. Bible commentator

 

1080

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philip Monotropos orthodox monk 

c.1080

Wrote Diotropa (The Mirror). Wrote on veneration of saints and against soul sleep

 

Eustratius Garidas of Constantinople (against soul sleep)

 

1081-1084

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berengar of Tours (against transubstantiation)

 

1050-1088

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Miketa of Stethatos, disciple of Symeon

 

c.1025-c.1090

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Guitmund of Aversa, Normandy 

1060-1095

Norman invasion was wrong. Defended transubstantiation against Berengar. The decay of the elements is only a deception of our senses.

 

Council of Clermont launches the First Crusade

1096

One reason was to stop Muslims attacking Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem

 

Over 12,000 Jews killed in Germany

1096

During the 1st Crusade, Jews said to be worst enemies after Muslims

 

Council of Arras II (France)

1097

Regulations concerning monasteries

 

Council of Bari, Italy 185 Italian Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic bishops

Oct 1, 1098

Accepted filioque, must use unleavened bread. Supported Anselm over William II or England. No non-Italian Greek Orthodox bishops apparently present

 

Easter Synod in Rome