Bi1. Study or obey God’s Word as an authority *

Bi2. Old Testament has God’s words; study it *

Bi3. New Testament has God’s words; study it *

Bi4. Scripture is called the word of God *

Bi5. Divine Scripture *

Bi6. Scripture is holy/sacred *

Bi7. We are to believe Scripture *

Bi8. We can understand Scripture *

Bi9. Meditate on God’s Word/commands *

Bi10. Search the scriptures *

Bi11. Scripture or its writers were inspired *

Bi12. Canon [of Scripture/truth/the church] *

Bi13. Dual meaning of some prophecies *

Bi14. Unbelievers don’t understand OT/scripture *

Bi15. Veil on many when read Moses/OT *

Bi16. Some parts of the Bible are allegorical *

Bi17. Lion both good and bad in scripture *

Bi18. Don’t twist/corrupt meaning of scripture *

Bi19. Acknowledge Bible copyist errors *

Bi20. Some corrupted [copies of] scripture *

Ont1. The Law was excellent or good *

Ont2. The law is/was spiritual *

Ont3. Law a shadow of the gospel/things to come *

Ont4. Jesus superseded some Old Testament laws *

Ont5. Scripture/law/prophets/gospels was fulfilled *

Ont6. The prophets were until John *

Ont7. The O.T. said the Messiah had to suffer/die *

Ont8. Old Testament has types of Christ *

Ont9. Melchizedek was a type of Christ *

Ont10. Joshua was a type of Christ *

Ont11. Old and/or New Covenant *

Teachings on the Bible not on the List *

OTc1. The Law and the prophets *

OTc2. Genesis is scripture *

OTc3. Exodus is scripture or God says *

OTc4. Leviticus is scripture or God says *

OTc5. Numbers is scripture or God says *

OTc6. Deuteronomy is scripture or God says *

OTc7. Joshua is Scripture or the Lord says *

OTc8. 1 or 2 Samuel is scripture or God says *

OTc9. Reference to 1 or 2 Kings as Kings *

OTc10. Reference to 1 or 2 Chronicles as Chronicles *

OTc11. Job is scripture or the Lord says *

OTc12. Psalms are scripture or God/Spirit spoke *

OTc13. Proverbs are scripture or the Lord says *

OTc14. Isaiah is scripture or the Lord/Spirit says *

OTc15. Jeremiah is scripture or the Lord says *

OTc16. Ezekiel is scripture or the Lord says *

OTc17. Daniel is scripture or God showed *

OTc18. Hosea is scripture or God/the Word says *

OTc19. Joel is scripture or God says *

OTc20. Amos is scripture or God says *

OTc21. Micah is scripture *

OTc22. Habakkuk is scripture or God says *

OTc23. Zechariah is scripture or God says *

OTc24. Malachi is scripture or God/Spirit says *

OTc25. The Twelve [Minor Prophets] *

OTc26. Use of the term "Old Testament" *

OTc27. The Old Testament is scripture *

OTc28. The Ten Commandments / Decalogue *

NTc1. Matthew is scripture *

NTc2. Mark is scripture or God says *

NTc3. Luke is scripture or God says *

NTc4. John is scripture *

NTc5. Acts is scripture *

NTc6. Paul’s letters are authoritative *

NTc7. Romans is scripture *

NTc8. 1 Corinthians is scripture *

NTc9. 2 Corinthians is scripture or God says *

NTc10. Galatians is scripture *

NTc11. Ephesians is scripture *

NTc12. Philippians is scripture *

NTc13. Colossians is scripture *

NTc14. 1 Thessalonians is scripture *

NTc15. 1 Timothy is scripture *

NTc16. 2 Timothy is scripture *

NTc17. Titus is scripture *

NTc18. Revelation is scripture or the Lord says *

NTc19. Using the term "New Testament" *

NTc20. The "New Testament" is Scripture *

Teachings on the Bible Canon not on the list *

OTa1. OT has writing in Hebrew *

OTa2. Moses wrote the Law [Pentateuch] *

OTa3. Moses wrote Genesis *

OTa4. Moses wrote Exodus *

OTa5. Moses wrote Leviticus *

OTa6. Moses wrote Numbers *

OTa7. Moses wrote Deuteronomy *

OTa8. David a writer of Psalms *

OTa9. Solomon a writer of Proverbs *

OTa10. Solomon, writer of Ecclesiastes *

OTa11. Isaiah/Esias wrote or said Isaiah *

OTa12. Jeremiah wrote or said Jeremiah *

OTa13. Ezekiel is by Ezekiel *

OTa14. Daniel spoke or wrote Daniel *

OTa15. Hosea wrote or spoke Hosea *

OTa16. Joel wrote Joel *

OTa17. Amos wrote Amos *

OTa18. Micah wrote or said Micah *

OTa19. Habakkuk wrote Habakkuk *

OTa20. Zephaniah is by Zephaniah/Sophonias *

OTa21. Zechariah wrote Zechariah *

OTa22. Malachi wrote Malachi *

NTa1. At least 1 NT word originally in Greek *

NTa2. Matthew wrote the Gospel of Matthew *

NTa3. Mark wrote the Gospel of Mark *

NTa4. Luke wrote the Gospel of Luke *

NTa5. John wrote the Gospel of John *

NTa6. Luke wrote Acts *

NTa7. Paul wrote Romans *

NTa8. Paul wrote 1 Corinthians *

NTa9. Paul wrote 2 Corinthians *

NTa10. Paul wrote Galatians *

NTa11. Paul wrote Ephesians *

NTa12. Paul wrote Philippians *

NTa13. Paul wrote Colossians *

NTa14. Paul wrote 1 Thessalonians *

NTa15. Paul wrote 2 Thessalonians *

NTa16. Paul wrote 1 Timothy *

NTa17. Paul wrote a 2nd letter to Timothy *

NTa18. Paul wrote Titus *

NTa19. Peter wrote 1 Peter *

NTa20. John wrote 1 John *

NTa21. Jude wrote Jude *

NTa22. The evangelists [gospel writers] *

Mp1. The Old Testament prophesied about Jesus *

Mp2. Genesis 49:10 prophesies of Christ *

Mp3. Deuteronomy 18:15 prophesies of Christ *

Mp4. Psalm 2 prophesies of Christ *

Mp5. Psalm 22 prophesies of Christ *

Mp6. Psalm 45 prophesies of Christ *

Mp7. Psalm 110:1-2 can only refer to Christ *

Mp8. Isaiah 7:14 prophesies of Christ *

Mp9. Isaiah 9:6 prophesies of Christ *

Mp10. Isaiah 11 prophesies of Christ *

Mp11. Isaiah 53 prophesies of Christ *

Mp12. Isaiah 61:1-2 prophesies of Christ *

Mp13. Isaiah 65:1-2 prophesies of Christ *

Mp14. Jeremiah 11:19 prophesies of Christ *

Mp15. Daniels’ 70 weeks messianic prophecy *

Mp16. Joel 2:28-30 prophesies of Christ *

Mp17. Micah 5 prophesies of Christ *

Mp18. Zechariah 9:9 prophesies of Christ *

Mp19. Zechariah 12:10-12 prophesies of Christ *

Mp20. Mal 3:1-2 prophesies of Christ *

Mp21. Psalm 16:8-11 prophesies of Christ *

Teachings on Bible Authors not on the list *

G1. There is only One True God *

G2. Living God *

G3. God / Jesus before birth was incorporeal *

G4. God is holy, good, or pure *

G5. God does not speak lies / is Truth *

G6. God is a Father *

G7. The Trinity: one God in three ‘Persons’ *

G8. God is the Father of all [things] *

G9. God/The Father is perfect *

G10. Sun / beam / ray analogy of the Trinity *

G11. Majesty or glory of God *

G12. God is a jealous God *

G13. Genesis 1:26 refers to the Father & Son *

G14. God is Light *

G15. God of Jesus/Christ *

G16. God’s Holy Name *

G17. The Godhead *

G18. God is a consuming fire *

G19. God is blessed *

G20. God is Spirit *

G21. Fragrance of Heaven/God/Christ/Holy Spirit *

G22. God is not in everything; pantheism is wrong *

G23. God fills heaven and earth *

Ge1. God is everywhere *

Ge2. God is almighty (omnipotent) *

Ge3. God is sovereign / God’s sovereignty *

Ge4. Most High God *

Ge5. God is above all *

Ge6. God or His power is incomparable *

Ge7. God does not change / is unchangeable *

Ge8. God is uncreated *

Ge9. God is eternal *

Ge10. God had no beginning / was unoriginated *

Ge11. God is incorruptible *

Ge12. God is the Ancient of Days *

Ge13. God / Jesus is immortal *

Ge14. God is inscrutable/unsearchable *

Ge15. God knows all / even the secret things *

Ge16. God is all-seeing *

Ge17. God is invisible *

Ge18. God is Lord of heaven and earth *

Ge19. Calling God "I Am" *

Gi1. God is worthy *

Gi2. God needs nothing from us *

Gi3. God is just / not unjust *

Gi4. God will judge/reward people’s secrets / secret things *

Gi5. God punishes *

Gi6. God is not mocked *

Gi7. God sends evildoers delusion(s) *

Gi8. God can be offended *

Gi9. God is merciful *

Gi10. God wants repentance not sinner’s death *

Gi11. God / Christ is heals /is healer *

Gi12. God is our protector *

Gi13. God is our refuge *

Gi14. God is our deliverer *

Gi15. God/Christ rejoices over us *

Gi16. Calling God Abba, Father *

Gi17. God of Abraham *

Gi18. God of Isaac *

Gi19. The God of Jacob *

Gi20. God of Israel *

Gi21. God is patient or long-suffering *

Gi22. God is compassionate *

Gi23. God loves us or is kind *

Gi24. God avenges *

Gi25. Christians & Jews/Israel/Moses worship the same God *

Gi26. Abraham’s [Three] Visitors *

Gi27. The Lord/God is faithful / trustworthy *

Gi28. The Creator is our / the True God *

Gi29. God is the Lawgiver *

Gi30. God has numbered the hairs on your head *

Gi31. The Holy One of Israel *

Gi32. God of the living *

Gi33. God resists the proud *

Gi34. God is generous *

Gi35. All nations blessed through Abraham *

Teachings on God not on the list *

T1. Jesus is the Son of God *

T2. Jesus is the Only Begotten Son of God *

T3. The Deity of Jesus our Lord *

T4. Jesus is the Word of God *

T5. The Son existed from ages past *

T6. All things were created through Christ / the Son of God *

T7. Jesus obedient or subject to the Father *

T8. Worship, praise, or glorify Jesus *

T9. Inseparable/Father in Son or Son in Father *

T10. Christ at right hand of God/the Father *

T11. No one knows the Father except the Son and those revealed *

T12. Father and Son are distinct *

T13. The Word was distinct from the Father at Creation *

T14. Son in the bosom of the Father *

T15. An Equality of the Father and Son *

T16. God the Son *

T17. Specifically "Jesus" is the Only-Begotten / Son / Word, or Son of man *

T18. Specifically "Jesus Christ" is the Only-Begotten / Son *

T19. Specifically "Christ" is the Only-Begotten / Son / Son of man *

T20. Specifically the Son is God *

T21. The head of Christ is God *

T22. Christ had the Spirit of wisdom and understanding *

T23. Jesus and the Father are One *

T24. Jesus [Ad]ministered His Father’s will *

T25. Jesus anointed with the oil of gladness/joy *

Jb1. Virgin birth of Christ *

Jb2. Incarnation of the Word/Jesus *

Jb3. Christ emptied Himself *

Jb4. Jesus took the form of a servant *

Jb5. Word was made/became flesh *

Jb6. Jesus humbled Himself *

Jb7. Jesus Christ was a real, sinless man *

Jb8. Jesus of the tribe of Judah *

Jb9. Jesus was born in Bethlehem [of Judea] *

Jb10. Jesus brought up by Joseph *

Jb11. Jesus’ earthly father was a carpenter *

Jb12. Jesus [and His family] went to Egypt *

Jb13. Jesus from Galilee *

Jb14. Jesus on earth was plain-looking *

Jb15. Christ/Logos/Son was obedient or learned obedience *

Jb16. Jesus was baptized *

Jb17. Jesus fasted for 40 days *

Jb18. Jesus hungered *

Jm1. Jesus went to Capernaum *

Jm2. Jesus found/called Nathanael *

Jm3. Jesus ministered in Galilee *

Jm4. Jesus called/chose the Twelve *

Jm5. Jesus went through Samaria/Samaritan woman *

Jm6. Jesus said destroy the temple in 3 days… *

Jm7. Jesus’ answer to John *

Jm8. The Transfiguration *

Jm9. Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey *

Jm10. Christ drove out the money-changers *

Jm11. Jesus was questioned *

Jm12. The Last Supper *

Jm13. Christ prayed that this cup would pass *

Jm14. Jesus was arrested / seized *

Jm15. Jesus washed His disciples’ feet *

Jm16. Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss *

Jp1. Some despised Christ *

Jp2. Jesus was mocked *

Jp3. Jesus was crucified or died on the cross *

Jp4. Cross’s shape or outstretched arms *

Jp5. Jesus was hung on a tree [the cross] *

Jp6. The wood of the cross *

Jp7. Sign of the cross *

Jp8. Calling the crucifixion the Passion *

Jp9. Christ’s crown of thorns *

Jp10. Jesus was beaten/scourged/whipped *

Jp11. They cast lots for Jesus’ clothes *

Jp12. Jesus given vinegar and gall to drink *

Jp13. Thief/robber on the cross in Paradise *

Jp14. Jesus asked God why God had forsaken Him *

Jp15. Darkness or earthquake at Jesus’ death *

Jp16. Temple veil torn when Jesus died *

Jp17. Jesus’ bones were not broken *

Jp18. Jesus rose from the dead *

Jp19. Jesus rose on/after three days *

Jp20. Jesus ascended to heaven *

t1. Jesus is the/our Lord *

t2. King of Kings and/or Lord of Lords *

t3. Jesus is the Alpha and Omega *

t4. Jesus is the Door or Gate *

t5. Christ is the Image of God *

t6. Jesus is the/our Rock/Stone/Cornerstone *

t7. Jesus is the Light or Light of Light *

t8. Jesus is our Shepherd *

t9. Jesus Christ is the Lamb of God *

t10. Jesus is a Lion / as a lion’s whelp *

t11. Son/Jesus was/was begotten before the morning star *

t12. Jesus/the cross the wisdom and power of God *

t13. Christ is the Holy One of God *

t14. Jesus / the Son is the Logos *

t15. [Christ] the King/Lord of glory *

i1. Jesus is the first-born (not just of Mary) *

i2. Christ is the Second/Last Adam *

i3. Jesus called Emmanuel (God with us) *

i4. Jesus is our High Priest *

i5. Jesus is our Physician/Doctor *

i6. Jesus is the Way *

i7. Jesus is the Truth *

i8. Jesus is our/the Life *

i9. Jesus is the Bread or Bread of Life *

i10. Jesus is the Vine *

i11. Jesus is the Messiah *

i12. Jesus a star rising out of Jacob *

i13. Christ is of the root of Jesse *

i14. Jesus is the descendent/seed of David *

i15. Jesus of Nazareth *

i16. Jesus is the first fruits *

i17. Jesus is the son of Abraham *

i18. The sign of Jonah refers to Jesus *

i19. Christ is the/our bridegroom *

p1. Jesus sent by the Father *

p2. Jesus saved us/is our Savior *

p3. Jesus was tempted *

p4. Jesus came to suffer [for us] *

p5. Christ is the end/fulfillment of the law *

p6. Jesus/Son of man is Lord of the Sabbath *

p7. Jesus is our Redeemer / redeemed us *

p8. Christ finished His work *

p9. Jesus forgives us / remits sins *

p10. Jesus: the/One Mediator (between God & man) *

p11. Jesus bore our sins/infirmities *

p12. Jesus bore the curse for us *

p13. Christ suffered shame/disgrace *

p14. Jesus was a ransom *

p15. Christ reconciled us *

p16. Christ overcame/triumphed *

p17. Grace and truth by Jesus Christ *

p18. Jesus revealed the Father to us *

p19. Jesus the Paschal Lamb *

p20. Jesus baptized with the Holy Spirit & fire *

p21. Jesus provided purification *

p22. Jesus gives us living water *

p23. Jesus came to save the lost *

p24. Jesus/Christ rescued us *

p25. Do the will of the One who sent Him *

p26. In 1 Jn 2:1 Jesus is our sins’ propitiation *

p27. The Son / Jesus gives life *

p28. Jesus called sinners to repentance *

p29. Jesus came to save His people from their sins *

Teachings on Jesus not on the list *

H1. Mention of the Holy Spirit *

H2. The Holy Spirit is God *

H3. Person of the Holy Spirit *

H4. Glorify/worship the Holy Spirit *

H5. The Holy Spirit is distinct *

H6. Holy Spirit called Spirit of truth *

H7. Holy Spirit addressed as "He" *

H8. Sevenfold spirit or seven spirits *

H9. The Holy Spirit/Comforter was promised *

H10. Jesus sent the Holy Spirit *

H11. Paraclete or Holy Spirit already present *

H12. Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit *

H13. Holy Spirit dwells/lives in us *

H14. Live in the Spirit *

H15. We can grieve the Holy Spirit *

H16. The Divine Spirit *

H17. The Spirit was poured out on believers *

H18. The Holy Spirit was known in the Old Testament *

Hw1. The Power of the Holy Spirit *

Hw2. God’s Spirit moved over abyss/waters *

Hw3. The Holy Spirit spoke Scripture *

Hw4. Sword of the Spirit is the word of God *

Hw5. Christ born of Mary by the Holy Spirit *

Hw6. Holy Spirit appeared as a dove *

Hw7. Holy Spirit came down at Pentecost *

Hw8. Holy Spirit gives gifts *

Hw9. The Holy Spirit is a gift *

Hw10. Fruit of the Spirit *

Hw11. Baptized/washed with the Holy Spirit *

Hw12. The Holy Spirit seals believers *

Hw13. Filled with the Holy Spirit *

Hw14. The Holy Spirit directs *

Hw15. Holy Spirit taught us *

Hw16. The Holy Spirit gives knowledge *

Hw17. Spirit gives us guidance/understanding *

Hw18. The Comforter/Holy Spirit comforts us *

Hw19. Disciples received the Holy Spirit *

Hw20. The Holy Spirit testifies/witnesses *

Hw21. Under trial the Spirit will give us words to say *

Teachings on the Holy Spirit not on the list *

Wgn1. God made all things in heaven and earth *

Wgn2. Heaven and earth were created good *

Wgn3. God created things from nothing *

Wgn4. Six days of Creation *

Wgn5. God blessed the Seventh Day *

Wgn6. God imparted the breath of life *

Wgn7. Garden of Eden *

Wgn8. Four rivers leaving the Garden of Eden *

Wgn9. Tree of knowledge *

Wgn10. Eve from Adam’s rib *

Wgn11. Enoch was translated without dying *

Wgn12. Noah’s ark *

Wgn13. Judgment of Noah’s flood / deluge *

Wgn14. God confused/altered the languages *

Wgn15. Scattering after the Tower of Babel *

Wgn16. Abraham’s seed like the stars of heaven *

Wgn17. Judgment against Sodom or Gomorrah *

Wgn18. Lot’s wife a pillar of salt *

Wgn19. Jacob’s ladder *

Wgn20. Jacob wrestled with God/an angel *

Wgn21. The Seventh Day is Holy / Sanctified *

Wot1. God’s appearances in the Old Testament *

Wot2. The earth is God’s footstool *

Wot3. God sends the rain on everyone *

Wot4. The burning bush of Moses *

Wot5. Plagues of Egypt *

Wot6. The firstborn of Egypt perished *

Wot7. Cloud and/or pillar of fire *

Wot8. Crossing the Red Sea *

Wot9. Water from the rock *

Wot10. [Moses] battling the Amalekites *

Wot11. Manna *

Wot12. The Ark [of the Covenant] *

Wot13. Bronze/brazen serpent in the wilderness *

Wot14. Hezekiah and the Assyrian army *

Wot15. Elisha did miracle(s) *

Wot16. Christ with the 3 youths in Daniel *

Wot17. Daniel in the lion’s den *

Wot18. Joshus [Jesus son of Nun] crossed the Jordan [River] *

Wot19. Joshua’s long day [sun stood still] *

Wot20. Moses' face shown [with glory] *

Wnt1. Zechariah was made mute [temporarily] *

Wnt2. The star [of Bethlehem] *

Wnt3. Jesus performed miracles *

Wnt4. Jesus at Cana or turning water to wine *

Wnt5. Jesus calmed the storm *

Wnt6. Jesus fed the 5,000 *

Wnt7. Jesus walked on water/waves/deep *

Wnt8. Jesus healed a leper *

Wnt9. Jesus healed the paralytic *

Wnt10. Healing the flow of blood *

Wnt11. Raising the widow’s son *

Wnt12. Raising Lazarus from the dead *

Wnt13. The apostle(s) worked miracles *

Wnt14. Ananias or Sapphira killed *

Wnt15. Jesus healing the man born blind *

Teachings on the Work of God not on the list *

Pe1. People are made in the image of God *

Pe2. Our bodies die but our souls are immortal *

Pe3. People were made of dust *

Pe4. People’s bodies will return to dust *

Pe5. People are like clay *

Pe6. Soul shares body’s pain and feelings *

Pe7. People have the will to choose *

Pe8. We should tremble at God’s Word *

Pe9. Do not trust in man *

Pe10. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak *

Pe11. No profit to gain the whole world & lose your soul *

Pe12. Positive mention of non-Biblical Jews *

Pe13. Even the elect an be deceived *

Pe14. We are God’s workmanship *

Pe15. People were given dominion over the earth *

Teaching on People not on the list *

Si1. Man fell when Adam and Eve ate the fruit *

Si2. Adam & Eve covered themselves for shame *

Si3. We have or inherited a sinful nature *

Si4. All have sinned *

Si5. Those who sin are sin’s servants/slaves *

Si6. People have guilt *

Si7. Reason/understanding was darkened *

Si8. People are corrupted/corruptible *

Si9. People are hardened *

Si10. Idolators/sinners are shameful *

Si11. The sinful provoke God *

Si12. We were dead in sin *

Si13. Some people’s conscience is seared *

Si14. Hardness of people’s hearts *

Si15. Works of the flesh / sinful nature *

Si16. Ezekiel 18 referring to an individual *

Si17. World’s wisdom is foolishness to God *

Si18. Cross/resurrection is foolish to the world *

Si19. People deceive others *

Si20. Some people deceive themselves *

Si21. People themselves have broken cisterns *

Si22. People are enslaved by sin / lust / the devil *

Si23. Kept from the wise/prudent and given to babes *

Si24. Don’t be double-minded / double-hearted *

Si25. [Many] Jews rejected Jesus as the Messiah *

Teachings on Sin not on the list *

S1. O.T. pointed to salvation in Christ in New *

S2. Salvation is a gift of God’s grace *

S3. Jesus’ death paid for our sins *

S4. Saved by Jesus’ blood or dying for us *

S5. Even Jews who reject Jesus will perish *

S6. Believers are God’s elect *

S7. The reprobate (non-elect) will be lost *

S8. Some elect died before knowing Savior *

S9. Some follow Christ for a time, yet perish *

S10. Not saved if living in sin *

S11. Adoption as sons of God *

S12. We need to have faith *

S13. Live by faith *

S14. We are like God’s chickens *

S15. Shipwrecked faith/salvation *

S16. Confidence or assurance of salvation *

S17. Hope in God or Christ *

S18. Our faith is precious *

S19. God’s great, glorious, precious promises *

S20. Mystery of the Lord/faith *

S21. Be born again *

S22. The precious blood of Christ *

S23. Heirs of salvation / Christ / the Lord *

S24. God has called us *

S25. Predestined or predestination *

S26. God can raise Abraham’s kids from stones *

S27. Jesus bestowed remission of sins *

S28. Many are called but few are chosen *

S29. Narrow is the gate to life *

S30. No way of salvation apart from Christ *

S31. Salvation/church for all kinds of people *

Teachings on Salvation not on the list *

E1. The Antichrist will come -after 125 A.D. *

E2. Heresies and persecution come before Antichrist or Christ’s return *

E3. Before this will be many lesser antichrists *

E4. Jesus will return in glory -after 125 A.D. *

E5. Rapture of believers *

E6. Resurrection of believers / all *

E7. Christ will judge all / quick and dead *

E8. Believers will judge the world or angels *

E9. Believers are sons of God *

E10. Believers will reign with Christ *

E11. Jesus returns in [literal] clouds *

E12. The Tree of Life *

E13. Fulfillment of the Cosmos has come to us *

E14. The End times tribulation *

E15. Every knee will bow to Jesus *

E16. Moon will turn to blood *

E17. Abomination that causes desolation *

E18. God’s future temple on earth/in Jerusalem *

E19. Christ’s coming like the days of Noah *

E20. Meeting the Lord in the clouds *

E21. The endtime [sound of the] trumpet *

E22. The Day of the Lord *

R1. Seven churches in Revelation *

R2. Two witnesses come before Christ returns *

R3. The Book of Book of Life / the Living *

R4. The Beast or his mark *

R5. The Millennium or the 1,000 years *

R6. Devil and followers cast in Lake of Fire *

R7. Heavenly (24) elders in Revelation *

R8. Woman Babylon in Revelation *

R9. Two-edged sword out of Christ’s mouth *

R10. Souls under the altar [in Revelation] *

R11. John was exiled to Patmos *

R12. Jesus rides the White Horse in Rev 19:11-16 *

R13. The Second Death in Rev 2:11; 20:6,14 *

Teachings on end times and Revelation not on the list *

U1. The Kingdom of God *

U2. Inheriting the Kingdom of God *

U3. Description of God’s throne *

U4. Paul went up to the third heaven *

U5. Reincarnation (transmigration) is wrong *

U6. All who die rejecting Jesus go to Hell *

U7. Unquenchable/eternal fire *

U8. The worm of the lost does not die *

U9. Some lost have more severe judgment *

U10. Those who die are with Christ *

U11. Believers who die are have eternal life *

U12. Believers have rewards in Heaven *

U13. Believers have crowns *

U14. Flesh & blood not inherit God’s kingdom *

U15. We will put on incorruption *

U16. Church/believers are Christ’s bride *

U17. Abraham’s bosom *

U18. The wedding banquet *

U19. The earth shall pass away *

U20. New Heaven and New earth *

U21. New/heavenly Jerusalem *

U22. Outer darkness *

U23. Gates of Hell/Death/Hades *

U24. Entering the Kingdom of God *

U25. Many mansions in heaven *

Teachings on Ultimate Things not on the list *

Ua1. Angels are servants of God *

Ua2. Holy angel(s) *

Ua3. The heavenly host *

Ua4. The archangel Michael *

Ua5. The angel Gabriel *

Ua6. Four Living Creatures / Seraphim *

Ua7. Cherubim *

Ua8. Guardian angels *

Ua9. Angelic / Heavenly powers *

Ua10. Angels worship/praise God/Jesus *

Ua11. Angels rejoice *

Ua12. Angelic hymns / choir(s) *

Ua13. Angels visit shepherds at Christ’s birth *

Ua14. Angels announce/preach the gospel *

Ua15. An angel spoke with Cornelius before he was a believer *

Teachings on Angels not on the list *

Ud1. Satan / the Devil / Lucifer *

Ud2. Satan/demons fell from heaven *

Ud3. Satan deceives *

Ud4. Serpent beguiled Eve *

Ud5. Satan is a serpent *

Ud6. The Serpent was cursed at the fall *

Ud7. Enmity between serpent and Eve’s seed *

Ud8. Satan is a dragon *

Ud9. The prince of this world/air is evil/Satan *

Ud10. Satan, a murderer from the beginning *

Ud11. Satan looks like an angel of light *

Ud12. Wiles/craftiness of the devil *

Ud13. Demons *

Ud14. Power/principalities of darkness *

Ud15. Demons are worshipped by pagans *

Ud16. Demons deceive / delude people *

Ud17. Devil/demons tempt people *

Ud18. Demons vex/cause harm to people *

Ud19. Demons tremble at/fear Christ *

Ud20. Demons subject to Christ *

Ud21. Satan can have lying wonders *

Ud23. Beelzebub/Baalzebub *

Ud24. Satan sought to sift Peter as wheat *

Ud25. Satan entered into Judas *

Ud26. The devil / Satan is a personal being *

Ud27. There are doctrines of demons / devils *

Ud28. [Demons are] unclean spirits *

Ud29. The devil had envy / jealousy *

Teachings on Demons not on the list *

Pat1. Adam and/or Eve *

Pat2. Cain murdered his brother/Abel *

Pat3. Seth [son of Adam and Eve] *

Pat4. Enoch *

Pat5. Noah got drunk *

Pat6. Ham [son of Noah] *

Pat7. Shem [son of Noah] *

Pat8. Japheth [son of Noah] *

Pat9. Canaan [son of Ham] *

Pat10. Job and his sufferings/patience *

Pat11. Abraham [friend of God] *

Pat12. Sarai / Sarah *

Pat13. Lot or his wife *

Pat14. Hagar *

Pat15. Ishmael *

Pat16. Isaac *

Pat17. Abraham offered Isaac as a sacrifice *

Pat18. Rebecca [wife of Isaac] *

Pat19. Laban [Jacob’s father-in-law] *

Pat20. Jacob *

Pat21. Rachel [wife of Jacob] *

Pat22. Leah [wife of Jacob] *

Pat23. Esau *

Pat24. Joseph or his brothers *

Pat25. Benjamin *

Pat26. Dan (patriarch or tribe) *

Pat27. Ephraim (patriarch or tribe) *

Pat28. Judah (patriarch or tribe) *

Pat29. Levi (patriarch or tribe) *

Pat30. Manasseh (patriarch or tribe) *

Pat31. Naphtali (patriarch or tribe) *

Pat32. Zebulun/Zebulon (patriarch, tribe, or land) *

Pat33. Patriarch[s] *

Pat34. The twelve tribes [of Israel] *

Pat35. Lamech *

ES1. Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt *

ES2. Miriam [sister of Moses] *

ES3. Aaron [brother of Moses] *

ES4. Pharaoh during the Exodus *

ES5. Korah / Kore *

ES6. Balaam or his donkey *

ES7. Joshua conquered Canaan *

ES8. Rahab of Jericho *

ES9. Jephthah [the judge] *

ES10. Gideon *

ES11. Samson *

ES12. Eli [mentor of Samuel] *

ES13. Samuel *

ES14. Saul [son of Kish] *

ES15. David *

ES16. [King] Saul persecuted David *

ES17. Nathan [the prophet, not the son of David] *

ES18. Uriah [the Hittite] *

ES19. Tamar / Thamar *

ES20. King Solomon *

ES21. Hannah, mother of Samuel *

ES22. Jesse [father of David] *

ES23. Dathan and Abiram *

ES24. Hiram [king of Tyre] *

DK1. Jeroboam *

DK2. Ahab *

DK3. Elijah was a godly prophet *

DK4. Hezekiah [godly king] *

DK5. Elisha *

DK6. Naaman [the Syrian leper] *

DK7. Jonah in the fish or warned Ninevites *

DK8. Sennacherib *

DK9. Josiah [the godly king] *

DK10. Jeconiah/Jechoniah *

DK11. Nebuchadnezzar [King of Babylon] *

DK12. Zedekiah *

DK13. Ezekiel *

DK14. Daniel *

DK15. The three youths in Daniel *

DK16. Cyrus [King of Persia] *

DK17. Darius [King of Persia] *

DK18. Artaxerxes/Ahasuerus [King of Persia] *

DK19. Ezra the scribe/prophet *

DK20. Zerubbabel *

DK21. Joshua the high priest (in Zechariah) *

DK22. Antiochus [Epiphanes] of Syria *

DK23. The prophets are holy *

Teachings on O. T. individuals not on the list *

Go1. Mary mother of Jesus was blessed *

Go2. Elizabeth [mother of John the Baptist] *

Go3. Zechariah, husband of Elizabeth *

Go4. John the Baptist lept in Elizabeth’s womb *

Go5. Shepherds at Jesus’ birth *

Go6. The Magi came to Christ *

Go7. Simeon [at Jesus’ dedication] *

Go8. Anna [at Jesus’ dedication] *

Go9. Herod’s slaughter in Bethlehem *

Go10. John the Baptist *

Go11. Andrew the disciple/apostle *

Go12. Peter the disciple/apostle *

Go13. Philip the disciple/apostle *

Go14. Thomas the disciple/apostle *

Go15. James son of Zebedee the disciple/apostle *

Go16. [Samaritan] Woman at the well *

Go17. Mary Magdalene *

Go18. Jesus’ 72/70 disciples *

Go19. Martha *

Go20. Zacchaeus *

Go21. Judas betrayed Jesus *

Go22. The High Priest Caiaphas tried Jesus *

Go23. Herod tried Jesus *

Go24. Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus *

Go25. Barabbas *

Go26. John the Baptist was beheaded *

Go27. Annas the former high priest *

Go28. Peter was in Rome *

N1. Matthias *

N2. James the Lord’s brother was godly *

N3. The Ethiopian eunuch *

N4. Stephen the martyr *

N5. Cornelius the centurion who was saved *

N6. Saul of Tarsus persecuted the church *

N7. Paul was a godly apostle *

N8. Barnabas, companion of Paul *

N9. Silas, companion of Paul *

N10. Apollos *

N11. Paul was in prison/bonds *

N12. Paul was persecuted besides prison *

N13. Timothy the individual (not just the book) *

N14. James [the disciple] was beheaded / slain *

Teachings on New Testament Individuals not on the list *

X1. God/Christ lives inside of Christians *

X2. Our bodies are God’s temple/temples *

X3. Christians escape corruption *

X4. Believers are set free *

X5. God renews us *

X6. We are children of light *

X7. God strengthens us *

X8. We are friends of Christ *

X9. Pure in heart will see God *

X10. None shall separate us from God’s love *

X11. The Lord disciplines or corrects us *

X13. Please the Lord *

X14. Glory in the Lord *

X15. Seek wisdom from God or His word *

X16. Be peaceful, kind, or good *

X17. Be strong / strengthened *

X18. God’s people mourn *

X19. Fear/reverence of the Lord/God *

X20. We adore/glory in the cross *

X21. God’s holy people *

X22. Speaking of shame *

X23. Put unrighteousness/adversary to shame *

X24. Do not be ashamed of the cross/Christ *

X25. Flesh and spirit war against each other *

X26. The peace of God *

X28. Blessed are the poor in spirit *

X29. There is sin unto death *

X30. Seek the Lord / God *

n1. We need to repent and come to God *

n2. Love God / the Lord *

n3. Obey God *

n4. Follow Jesus or His example *

n5. Bear/Take up the cross [and follow Christ] *

n6. Struggle to live a victorious life *

n7. Put on the armor of God/righteousness *

n8. Faithful Christians still get sick *

n9. Suffer persecution or martyrdom *

n10. No sorcery, witchcraft, or magic *

n11. Exorcism or casting out devils *

n12. Live a worthy life *

n13. Mortify earthly nature/deeds of the body *

n14. Be clothed with/in Christ *

n15. You cannot serve two masters *

n16. Martyrs are blessed *

n17. Losing your life and finding it *

n18. Believers are servants of God *

n19. We must persevere *

n20. We are the light of the world *

n21. We wrestle against the devil or sin *

n22. Keep away from works of darkness *

n23. We are aliens awaiting our eternal home *

n24. Don’t be bitter *

n25. Believers are transformed [now] *

n26. The Kingdom of God is within you *

n27. Walk in newness of life *

n28. Some are worthy of martyrdom *

Teachings on Experience not on the list *

Pr1. Prayer to God is important *

Pr2. Pray to the Father *

Pr3. Pray to Jesus *

Pr4. Pray at all times or in any place *

Pr5. Pray daily *

Pr6. Praise God *

Pr7. Thankfulness/gratitude to God *

Pr8. Confess to God *

Pr9. Forgive us as we forgive others *

Pr10. Not into temptation *

Pr11. Deliver us from evil *

Pr12. The Lord’s Prayer *

Pr13. Lift up hands to God *

Pr14. Bless or pray for your persecutors *

Pr15. Pray for rulers and those in authority *

Pr16. Incense of the prayers of the saints *

Pr17. Pray that God’s kingdom come *

Pr18. Pray for others / intercessory prayer *

Pr19. Pray for God’s mercy for us *

Pr20. Fasting to God is good *

Pr21. Pray in secret *

Pr22. Pray together (two or three) *

Pr23. Persist/persevere in prayer *

Teachings on the Prayer not on the list *

I1. Do not worship other gods *

I2. Stars have no influence on people *

I3. We should be patient *

I4. Don’t let the sun go down on your anger *

I5. Do not make/invent idols/ images to worship *

I7. Do not get drunk *

I8. Eating meat is fine *

I9. Do not be a glutton or slave of your belly *

I10. Vanity, or avoid vain things *

I11. Virtue of prudence *

I12. Do not provoke God *

I13. Work hard, don’t be lazy *

I14. Be godly *

I15. Be gentle or meek *

I16. Eating meats forbidden to Jews OK *

I17. Depart from evil *

I18. Worship God in spirit and truth *

I19. Keep the commandments of Christ/God *

I20. It’s bad to be a hypocrite *

I21. Do not worship any images or idols *

I22. Rule of faith / truth *

I23. Submit to God *

I24. Have self-control *

Teachings on Individual Practice not on the list *

L1. Love all / your neighbor as yourself *

L2. Forgive others/enemies *

L3. Do not get revenge *

L5. Do to others as you would them do to you *

L6. Do not murder *

L7. Abortion is evil/murder *

L8. Care for the sick *

L9. Practice hospitality *

L10. Love covers a multitude of sins *

L11. Show mercy/pity to others *

L13. Should be peacemakers or seek peace *

L14. Cruelty is bad *

L15. Visit those in prison *

L16. Do not hold a grudge *

L17. Love your enemies *

L18. Clothe the naked *

L19. Turn the other cheek *

L20. Must not poison others *

Sp1. Have pure speech *

Sp2. Forsake lies *

Sp3. Do not be a gossip or chatterer *

Sp4. Don’t use flattery (on others) *

Sp5. Slandering people is bad *

Sp6. Confess your sins to others *

Sp7. If we deny Christ He will deny us *

Sp8. Don’t swear false oaths / swear falsely *

Sp9. Don’t boast about yourself *

Teachings on Practice Not on the List *

Mo1. Do not love money *

Mo2. No stealing or financial dishonesty *

Mo3. Help the poor *

Mo4. Help widows *

Mo5. Heavenly treasure; don’t fear earthly loss *

Mo6. Do not envy or be jealous *

Mo7. Do not covet *

Mo8. Be humble or not proud *

Mo9. Be content with what you have *

Mo10. We rejoice when afflicted *

Mo11. We rejoice – besides being afflicted *

Mo12. No selfish ambition *

Mo13. No bribes *

Mo14. No usury / lending to needy with interest *

Mo15. Don’t be wise in your own eyes/conceit *

Mo16. Cannot serve both God and Mammon *

Mo17. Love of money root of all evils *

Mo18. Strive for godliness, not gain *

Mo19. Lazarus and the rich man *

Mo20. Offering money/possessions to God *

Mo21. God’s house not a den of robbers / thieves *

Mo22. Blessed are the poor *

Mo23. Give in secret *

Mo24. No rivalry *

Mo25. No strife / striving in the flesh *

Mo26. Don’t worry about tomorrow / lilies of the field *

Mo27. Help orphans / fatherless *

Mo28. Feed the hungry *

Teachings on money and contentment not on the list *

Ca1. Christians met together on Sunday *

Ca2. Sing hymns to God, the Father, or Jesus *

Ca3. Practice water baptism *

Ca4. Observe the Lord’s Supper *

Ca5. No more animal or blood sacrifices *

Ca6. No need to celebrate the Sabbath (except can fast) *

Ca7. Learn from prior church writers/councils *

Ca8. Cheer up/encourage other believers *

Ca9. Correct other believers *

Ca10. Calling ourselves Christians *

Ca11. Mention of Easter/Pascha[l] *

Ca12. Calling the Lord’s Supper the Eucharist *

Ca13. Shun alleged believers persisting in sin *

Ca14. The Church is the body of Christ *

Ca15. Footwashing *

Ca16. Baptize in the name of the Father, Son, Holy Spirit *

Ca17. We are the flock of Christ *

Ca18. Musical choir *

Ca19. Church(es) of God *

Ca20. Church(es) of Christ *

Ca21. Holy church(es) *

Ca22. No need to burn incense in the church *

Teachings on Church Assembling Together not on the list *

C1. Obey authority of godly church leaders *

C2. The Church/Christians should have unity *

C3. Excommunicate or separate from heretics *

C4. Bishop(s) *

C5. Church leaders should accept each other *

C6. Reject unchristian church leader authority *

C7. Remove leaders fallen in gross sin/heresy *

C8. Concept of one universal church *

Ca9. Churches should greet other churches *

C10. Tradition of the apostles or the church *

C11. Ordination [of bishops] *

C12. Priesthood of all believers *

C13. Christ the head of the church *

C14. Church leaders are shepherds *

C15. The episcopate [office of bishop] *

C16. Elders/presbyters *

C17. Deacons *

C18. Sub-deacons *

C19. Catechumens *

C20. Must be worthy of being a bishop/priest *

C21. Priests [in the church] *

Teaching on the church leadership not on the list *

fm1. Honor marriage, no extra-marital relations *

fm2. No divorce, except for unfaithfulness *

fm3. We should be pure *

fm4. Do not watch violent or lewd shows *

fm5. No homosexuality *

fm6. We should honor our parents *

fm7. Cherish and nurture our family *

fm8. Having kids is fine within marriage *

fm9. Celibacy is better than marriage *

fm10. Remarriage OK after death of spouse *

fm11. No incestual relations *

fm12. Do not love family more than Jesus *

fm13. Do not kill/expose infants *

fm14. Two become one flesh *

fm15. No gladiators *

fm16. We should be modest *

fm17. Train your kids in the Lord *

fm18. Eve was Adam’s bone or flesh *

fm19. Do not lust (sexually) *

Teachings on Family not on the list *

Gv1. Honor the king or government *

Gv2. Obey government [when not against God] *

Gv3. Do not aid in persecuting Christians *

Gv4. Pay taxes *

Gv5. Citizens of Heaven *

Gv6. Christians should not be in lawsuits *

Gv7. Officials ought to be just *

Gv8. Disobey or change unjust laws *

Gv9. Providence, or God governing the world *

Gv10. Christ is king, or kingdom of Christ *

Gv11. The Kingdom of heaven *

Teachings on Government not on the list *

k1. Preach the gospel to others *

k2. Bold proclamation of truth *

k3. Quoting God’s word to unbelievers *

k4. Sharing personal testimonies *

k5. Creative allegories or metaphors *

k6. Quoting poetry to share truth *

k7. Promises of heaven or God’s love *

k8. Threats of Hell or God’s wrath *

k9. Mortal life is fleeting/short *

k10. Martyrs blood is a testimony *

k11. Use of Catena of 3 or more verses *

k13. Cross / Christ a stumbling block to Jews *

k14. Jesus or us speaking in parables *

k15. Parable of the sheep and the goats *

k16. Parable of the prodigal son *

k17. Parable of the wheat and tares *

k18. Faith/kingdom of Heaven as a mustard seed *

k19. Parable of the persistent/importune widow *

k20. Parable of the barren fig tree *

k21. Parable of the Good Samaritan *

k22. Parable of the lost sheep *

k23. Parable of the lost coin *

k24. We want non-believers to get saved (5+) *

Teaching on kerygmatic and irenic evangelism not on the list *

Ap1. Answering questions of others *

Ap2. Answering alleged contradictions *

Ap3. Answering false moral accusations *

Ap4. Using questions *

Ap5. Nature witnesses to God *

Ap6. Appeal to science *

Ap7. First Cause (cosmological argument) *

Ap8. Only One is supreme *

Ap9. Appeal to historians *

Ap10. Using chronology in apologetics *

Ap11. Moses is older than Homer *

Po1. Be on guard against error *

Po2. Debate and argument in witnessing *

Po3. Showing misconceptions/contradictions *

Po4. Morality vs. evil in other religions *

Po5. Do not judge/condemn others *

Po6. Do not throw pearls before swine *

Po7. Don’t give what is holy to the dogs *

Po8. Beware of wolves/false prophets *

Po9. Calling other beliefs delusion(s) *

Po10. Humor or wit in witnessing *

Po11. Harsh rebuke in witnessing *

Po12. Calling people names *

Po13. Ridicule or sarcasm *

Po14. Calling other beliefs fables *

Po15. Calling other beliefs superstition *

Po16. Calling false teaching / heresy poison *

Teachings on Evangelism methods not on the list *

Gn1. The Creator is good *

Gn2. Do not call matter evil *

Gn3. Avoid Docetic belief – not suffer in flesh *

Gn4. The heretic Cerinthus *

Gn5. Nicolaitans *

Gn6. Simon Magus and his heresy/error *

Gn7. Against Carpocrates (from Simon) *

Gn8. Against the Gnostic Menander/Meander, Simon Magus’ disciple *

Gn9. Against Marcion *

Gn10. Dispute against Valentinian Gnostics *

Gn11. Against the Valentinian Gnostic Heracleon *

Gn12. Dispute against Sethian/Ophite Gnostics *

Gn13. Against the Gnostic heretic Apelles *

Gn14. Against the Gnostic Heretic Basilides *

Gn15. Dispute against Encratite Gnostics *

Gn16. Against the Encratite Saturninus/Saturnilus *

Gn17. Dispute against other Gnostics *

Gn18. The [Gnostic] Demiurge is false *

Gn19. The [Gnostic] Ogdoad is false *

Gn20. The [Gnostic] Pleroma is false *

Pg1. Speaking against human sacrifice *

Pg2. Dispute against the Magi / Zoroastrians *

Pg3. Against Mithras / a sun-god *

Pg4. Dispute Druid or other European myths *

Pg5. Dispute against Indian Bra[c]hmans *

Pg6. Dispute Chaldean/Babylonian religion *

Pg7. Against Egyptian religion *

Pg8. Against the religion of Scythians *

Pg9. Against Syrian religion *

Pg10. Against Arabian religion *

Pg11. Against [Phrygian] Great Mother *

Pg12. Dispute against Greco-Roman paganism *

Pg13. Pointing out adulteries of Greek gods *

Pg14. Incest of Zeus/Jupiter *

Pg15. Apologetic use of the tomb of Jupiter/Zeus *

Pg16. Thyestean [cannibalistic] banquet *

Pg17. Mention of Oedipus *

Pg18. Cannibalism of Kronos/Saturn *

Pg19. Against bloodthirsty Mars, or pest/bane of mortals *

Pg20. Against Bacchus [the Greek/Roman/Arabian/Ethiopian idol] *

Or1. Religion can be bad *

Or2. No mixing Christ and other religions *

Or3. Dispute against Judaism *

Or4. Errors of the Pharisees *

Or5. Errors of the Sadducees *

Or6. Sadducees wrong to deny resurrection *

Or7. Dispute against Sabellian Oneness *

Or8. Dispute with Ebionites / Hebion [from Cerinthus] *

Or9. No Spiritism or the Occult *

Teachings on Heretical Groups not on the list *

Ph1. Dispute philosophy that denies one God *

Ph2. Apologetic use of Plato’s Timaeus *

Ph3. Against Pythagoras *

Ph4. Errors of Aristotle *

Ph5. Against Stoics *

Ph6. Dispute against Epicureans *

Ph7. Against Cynic philosophy *

Ph8. Against Pyrrho the philosopher *

Ph9. Socrates even said he had a demon *

Ph10. We are not ruled by fate *

Ph11. [Stoic] Chrysippus was wrong on some points *

Teachings on refuting other groups not on the list *

ma1. God is timeless or before/ beyond time *

ma2. Jesus appeared on earth prior to His birth *

ma3. Mention of the laity/layman or clergy *

ma4. The church can be called the city of God *

ma5. People have free will / choice *

ma6. Babylon refers to Rome *

ma7. There are greater/mortal and lesser sins *

ma8. Christians can lose their salvation *

ma9. God knows all things in the future *

ma10. Jesus preached to the dead *

ma11. Religion is/can be good *

ma12. Drinking wine is OK *

ma13. No food sacrificed to idols *

ma14. Christ died for all people *

di1. Prophets proclaimed 2 advents of Christ *

di2. Seventy Septuagint translators *

di3. God is simple, or not composite *

di4. God is impassable (without passion) *

di5. Some fallen angels sinned with women *

di6. Against jewelry or false/dyed hair *

di7. Christians must fast on certain days *

di8. No drinking or eating blood *

di9. No worshipping true God with images *

di10. Miracle healings in post-Acts church *

di11. Prophesy in church after Acts *

di12. Godly authority besides the Bible *

di13. Tread on serpents and scorpions *

di14. God is ineffable or indescribable *

di15. Number of nations according to angels *

di16. People can have worthiness related to salvation *

di17. Multiple Archangels *

di18. The angel Raphael *

di19. Susannah *

di20. Tobias *

er1. Incorrect references to Bible verses *

er2. Misquoted or unknown Bible verses *

er3. Over-allegorical Bible interpretation *

er4. Four elements make up the world *

er5. Atoms do not really exist *

er6. Errors on the hyena, phoenix, or other animals *

er7. Errors on geography or tribes *

er8. Collective guilt of the Jews *

er9. Errors on people *

er10. Other errors on science *

Teachings that are errors not on the List *

Luke 4:18-19,21; John 7:38; 10:35; 12:38-40; 2 Timothy 3:16, (partial) Hebrews 4:12

2 Peter 3:1-2 Peter puts his words and the other apostles’ words as the same authority as the Old Testament

John 2:22

2 John 5-6 the commandments that John wrote. The commandment heard from the beginning.

(partial) 1 Thessalonians 4:15 "according to the Lord’s own word"

p46 Chester Beatty II – 1,680 verses 70% Paul plus Hebrews (100-150 A.D.) (partial – for the word of God) Hebrews 4:12

p75 Luke 3:18-22; 3:33-4:2; 4:34-5:10; 5:37-6:4; 6:10-7:32; 7:35-39,41-43; 7:46-9:2; 9:4-17:15; 17:19-18:18; 22:4-24,53; John 1:1-11:45; 48-57; 12:3-13:1,8-9; 14:8-29;15:7-8; (175-225 A.D.) John 12:38-40

p45 Chester Beatty I – 833 verses (4 gospels plus Acts) (200-225 A.D.) Matthew 21:13,16; Acts 13:34-35 (Psalms, Isaiah)

p30 1 Thessalonians 4:12-13,16-17; 5:3,8-10,12-18,25-28; 2 Thessalonians 1:1-2; 2:1,9-11 (25 verses) (ca.225 A.D.) (partial) 1 Thessalonians 5:27 "I charge you beore the Lord to have this letter read to all the brothers."

p13 Hebrews 2:14-5:5; 10:8-22; 10:29-11:13; 11:28-12:17 (225-250 A.D.) Hebrews 11:1-13; 28-40 refers to many Old Testament stories as fact.

p17 Hebrews 9:12-19 (late 3rd century) (implied) refers to Numbers 19:9,17; Exodus 24:6-8 as an authority on sacrifices.

0232 2 John 1-9 (ca.300 A.D.) obey the commandments which John wrote, which was not a new commandment. 2 John 5-6

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. Luke 4:18-19,21; John 7:38; 12:38-40

Vaticanus (B) Most of the Old Testament and all of New Testament up to Hebrews 9:15 (325-350 A.D.) Luke 4:18-19,21; John 7:38; 12:38-40

Sinaiticus (Aleph) Almost all of the New Testament and half of the Old Testament. (340-350 A.D.) Luke 4:18-19,21; John 7:38; 12:38-40

Alexandrinus (c.450 A.D.) All of the Old Testament except Genesis 14:14-17; 15:1-5, 16-19; 16:6-9; 1 Samuel 12:17-14:9; Psalm 19:20-79:11. All of the New Testament except Matthew 1:1-25:6, John 6:50-8:52; Romans 16:24; and 2 Corinthians 4:13-12:6.

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) "Look carefully into the Scriptures, which are the true utterances of the Holy Spirit. Observe that nothing of an unjust or counterfeit character is written in them." 1 Clement ch.45 p.16.

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) "Ye understand, beloved, ye understand well the Sacred Scriptures, and ye have looked very earnestly into the oracle of God. Call then these things to your remembrance. When Moses went…" and he quotes Exodus 32:7-10. 1 Clement ch.53 p.19

The Apology of Aristides (125 or 138-161 A.D.) ch.15 p.277 mentions that we should worship God the Creator, give hear to His incorruptible words, to escape from condemnation and punishment, and be found as heirs of life everlasting.

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.13 p.145 "Hear ye now what the Scripture saith concerning the people." And then refers to Genesis 25:21.

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) vol.7 ch.14 p.521 appeals to scripture as "Scripture says", and right after that, "the Books and the Apostles"

Polycarp (100-155 A.D.) "For I trust that ye are well verses in the Sacred Scriptures, and that nothing is hid from you; but to me this privilege is not yet granted." Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians (100-155 A.D.) ch.12 p.35

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) says, "Are you acquainted with them, Trypho? They are contained in your Scriptures, or rather not yours, but ours. For we believe them; but though you read them, do not catch the spirit that is in them." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.29 p.209

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "I [Justin] replied again, ‘If I could not have proved to you from the Scriptures that one of those three is God, and is called Angel, because, as I already said, He brings messages to those to whom God the Maker of all things wishes…’" Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.56 p.223

Tatian’s Diatessaron (c.172 A.D.) (partial) section 37 p.101 says that "it is not possible in the scripture that anything should be undone"

Athenagoras (177 A.D.) discusses those who attack God, God’s knowledge, His operation, and "those books which follow by a regular and strict sequence from these, and delineate for us the doctrines of piety." The Resurrection of the Dead ch.31 p.149

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) proves many things about Christ and His passion from the Old Testament. From the Oration on Our Lord’s Passion ch.9 p.760-761.

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) "We have collected together extracts from the Law and the Prophets relating to those things which have been declared concerning our Lord Jesus Christ, that we may prove to your love that this Being is perfect reason, the Word of God;" On Faith ch.4 vol.8 p.756

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "But do you also, if you please, give reverential attention to the prophetic Scriptures, and they will make your way plainer for escaping the eternal punishments and obtaining the eternal prizes of God." Theophilus to Autolycus book 1 ch.14 p.93

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) We have learned from none others the plan of our salvation, than from those through whom the gospel has come down to us, which they did at one time proclaim in public, and, at a later period, by the will of God, handed down to us in the Scriptures, to be the ground and pillar of our faith. Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.1.1 p.414

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) uses proofs from Scripture in many places, including Against Heresies book 4 ch.24.1 p.495

Irenaeus of Lyons (c.160-202 A.D.) proves his point by "as Scripture declares". Proof of Apostolic Preaching ch.52. See also ch.68.

Polycrates of Ephesus (196 A.D.) "I … have read through all Holy Scripture, am not frightened at the things which are said to terrify us. For those who are greater than I have said, ‘We ought to obey God rather than men. [Acts 4:19, 5:29]’" Epistle to Victor and the Roman Church vol.8 p.774

Caius (190-217 A.D.) ch.2.1 p.601 "And perhaps what they allege might be credible, did not the Holy Scriptures contradict them." Then he mentions earlier church writers.

Apollonius of Ephesus (c.210 A.D.) "Do you not think that Scripture forbids a prophet to receive gifts and money?" Concerning Montanism ch.2 vol.8 p.776

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) calls scripture the "omnipotent authority" Stromata book 4 ch.1 p.409

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "Now the Scripture kindles the living spark of the soul, and directs the eye suitably for contemplation; perchance inserting something, as the husbandman when he ingrafts, but, according to the opinion of the divine apostle [Paul] exciting what is in the soul." And then quotes 1 Corinthians 11:31,32. Stromata book 5 ch.1 p.301

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "For what things the Scripture speaks were written for our instruction, that we, through patience and the consolation of the Scriptures, might have the hope of consolation." (Romans 15:4) Stromata book 4 ch.5 p.412

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "And again: ‘Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.’" Stromata book 1 ch.1 p.299

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) (implied) "It becomes us who truly follow Scripture." The Instructor book 2 ch.8 p.255

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "Now they who reject that Scripture can neither belong to the Holy Spirit, seeing that they cannot acknowledge that the Holy Ghost has been sent as yet to the disciples, nor can they presume to claim to be a church themselves,…" On Prescription Against Heretics ch.22 p.253.

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "We assemble to read our sacred writings, … However it be in that respect, with the sacred words we nourish our faith, we animate our hope, we make our confidence more steadfast; and no less by inculcations of God’s precepts we confirm good habits." Apology ch.39 p.46

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) mentions the Old Testament as an "authority". Tertullian on Modesty ch.2 p.76. He says to meditate on it in On Modesty ch.6 p.79.

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "Our denial of his existence will be all the more peremptory, because of the fact that the attribute which is alleged in proof of it belongs to that God who has been already revealed. Therefore the ‘New Testament’ will appertain to none other than Him who promised it - if not ‘its letter’, yet ‘its spirit;’ and herein will lie it newness." Five Books Against Marcion book 5 ch.11 p.452

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) appealed to scripture many times for his arguments, including Tertullian’s Five Books Against Marcion book 5 ch.4 p.437

Asterius Urbanus (c.232 A.D.) was fearful in writing lest anyone think he was trying to "add some new word or precept to the doctrine of the gospel of the New Testament". The Exordium fragment 1 vol.7 p.335

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "There is, brethren, one God, the knowledge of whom we gain from the Holy Scriptures, and from no other source." Against the Heresy of One Noetus ch.9 p.227

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "Let us then look at the testimony of Scripture with respect to the announcement of the future manifestation of the Word." Against the Heresy of One Noetus ch.12 p.228

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "I have thought it right to set these matters of inquiry clearly forth to your view, drawing largely from the Holy Scriptures themselves as from a holy fountain, in order that you may not only have the pleasure of hearing them on the testimony of men, but may also be able, by surveying them in the light of (divine) authority, to glorify God in all." Treatise on Christ and Antichrist ch.1 p.204

Theodotus the probable Montanist (ca.240 A.D.) "so also, when Scripture is read, one is helped to faith, another to morality, and a third is freed from superstition by the knowledge of things." Excepts from Theodotus ch.28 p.47

Theodotus the probable Montanist (ca.240 A.D.) "We must, then, search the Scriptures accurately, since they are admitted to be expressed in parables, and from the names run out the thoughts which the Holy Spirit, propounding respecting things, teaches by imprinting His mind, so to speak, on the expressions" Excepts from Theodotus ch.32 p.47

Commodianus (c.240 A.D.) "In the law, the Lord of heaven, and earth, and sea has commanded, saying, Worship not vain gods made by your own hands" Instructions of Commodianus ch.2 p.203

Origen (230-235 A.D.) "3. Do you then, my son, diligently apply yourself to the reading of the sacred Scriptures. Apply yourself, I say." Letter from Origen to Gregory ch.3 p.394

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "…ancient Jewish writings, which we also use, but especially from those which were composed after the time of Jesus, and which are believed among the churches to be divine." Origen Against Celsus book 3 ch.45 p.482

Origen (225-253/254 A.D.) "If we seek to bring these words up to the Savior according to the worthiness of the Word and according to the truth, it is necessary to take the Scriptures as witnesses. For without witnesses, our interpretations and exegeses are unfaithful." Homilies on Jeremiah Homily 1 ch.7.3 p.9

Origen (233/234 A.D.) emphasizes studying scripture. Origen On Prayer ch.29.10 p.118. See also ibid ch.6.5 p.35-36 and Origen On Prayer ch.23.3 p.78.

Origen (235 A.D.) says that God’s word is our authority. Exhortation to Martyrdom ch.2.7 p.148

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) says that we should not hesitate to declare what the Scripture does not shrink from declaring. "The truth of faith should not hesitate where the authority of Scripture has never hesitated." Treatise Concerning the Trinity ch.12 p.621

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) "But even as we hold, and read, and believe this, thus we ought to pass over no portion of the heavenly Scriptures, since indeed also we ought by no means to reject those marks of Christ’s divinity which are laid down in the Scriptures, that we may not, by corrupting the authority of the Scriptures, be held to have corrupted the integrity of our holy faith." Treatise Concerning the Trinity ch.30 p.642

Treatise Against Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) ch.3 p.658 accusing the Novatianists of only reading instead of understanding the heavenly scriptures. It then quotes from Isaiah 42:19 as by Isaiah and Numbers 5:2 as by Moses.

Treatise Against Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) ch.9 p.659 says that Scripture cries to repent.

Treatise On Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) ch.1 p.667 speaks of people who are irreverently against the precept of the law and of all the Scriptures.

Treatise On Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) ch.1 p.668 says it will "as is needful collect into one mass whatever passages of the Holy Scriptures are pertinent to this subject."

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Neither do I vouch for this on my own authority; but I promise it on the faith of the Holy Scriptures, and on the authority of the divine promise." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 8 ch.9 p.478

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "a large number of bishops, whom their faith and the divine protection had preserved in soundness and safety, we met together; and the divine Scriptures being brought forward on both sides, we balance the decision with wholesome moderation,…" Epistles of Cyprian letter 51 ch.6 p.328

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Divine Scripture proves this, when it says, …" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 1 ch.24 p.429

Moyses, Maximum, and Nicostratus (248-257 A.D.) say "Certainly their spirits are to be cheered and to be nourished up to the season of their maturity, and they are to be instructed from the Holy Scriptures how great and surpassing a sin they [the lapsed] have committed." Letter to Cyprian 25 ch.6 p.304

Januarius of Lambesis at the Seventh Council of Carthage (258 A.D.) "According to the authority of the Holy Scriptures, …" (p.566)

Novatus of Thamguda at the Seventh Council of Carthage (258 A.D.) p.566 under Cyprian says that "all the Scriptures give witness concerning the saving baptism"

Pontius (258 A.D.) (implied) "when he [Cyprian] had learned from the reading of Scripture certain things not according to the condition of his noviciate, but in proportion to the earliness of his faith, he immediately laid hold of what he had discovered, for his own advantage in deserving well of God." The Life and Passion of Cyprian ch.2 p.268

Dionysius of Alexandria (246-265 A.D.) mentions "the demonstration and teaching of the Holy Scriptures". Two books on the Promises ch.2 p.82

Dionysius bishop of Rome (259-269 A.D.) mentions "divine Scripture" in ch.1 and uses Moses in Deuteronomy [32:6] to "convict" these men. Dionysius of Rome Against the Sabellians (ANF vol.7) ch.2 p.365

Dionysius bishop of Rome (259-269 A.D.) "For the doctrine of the foolish Marcion, which cuts and divides the monarchy into three elements, is assuredly of the devil, and is not of Christ’s true disciples… For these [true disciples] indeed rightly know that the Trinity is declared in the divine Scripture, but that the doctrine that there are three gods is neither taught in the Old nor the New Testament." Dionysius of Rome Against the Sabellians ch.1 p.365

Anatolius (270-280 A.D.) "are not only unable to make that good by the authority of Scripture, but turn also into the crime of sacrilege and contumacy, and incur the peril of their souls;" The Paschal Canon ch.7 p.148

Theonas of Alexandria (282-300 A.D.) "Let no day pass by without reading some portion of the Sacred Scriptures, at such convenient hour as offers, and giving some space to meditation. And never cast off the habit of reading in the Holy Scriptures; for nothing feeds the soul and enriches the mind so well as those sacred studies do." Letter of Theonas, Bishop of Alexandria, to Lucianus, the Chief Chamberlain ch.9 p.161

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) mentions the "authority of Scripture". Dialogue on the True Faith part 5 f26 p.185

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) "I accept all the canonical [scriptures]. Dialogue on the True Faith 5th part ch.e19 p.173. See also ibid fourth part ch.424a p.129 on Genesis 1:2.

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) From what Scriptures do you propose to prove this?" Dialogue on the True Faith Second part ch.10 p.87

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) "Let us be guided by the Scriptures!" Dialogue on the True Faith Fifth part b 15 p.167

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) says this is what we gladly know by Scripture. Commentary on the Apocalypse from the second chapter no.18 p.347

Phileas of Thmuis (martyred 306/307 A.D.) mentions "the divine and holy Scriptures" Letter of Phileas to the People of Thmuis ch.1 p.162

Lucian of Antioch (c.300-311 A.D.) (implied) refers to Jesus as "born of a virgin, according to the Scriptures, and became man," Creed of Lucian of Antioch in The Creeds of Christendom by Philip Schaff vol.2 p.26-27

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "Now the whole spiritual mediation of the Scriptures is given to us as salt which stings in order to benefit, and which disinfects, without which it is impossible for a soul, by means of reason, to be brought to the Almighty; for ‘ye are the salt of the earth,’ said the Lord to the apostles." [Matthew 5:13] The Banquet of the Ten Virgins book 1 discourse 1 ch.1 p.311

Theophilus (events c.315 A.D.) "Habib said: I worship not a man, because the Scripture teaches me, ‘Cursed is every one that putteth his trust in man;’ [Jeremiah 17:5] but God, who took upon Him a body and became a man, Him do I worship and glorify." Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon vol.8 p.693

Theophilus (events c.315 A.D.) "Now Habib, who was of the village of Telzeha and had been made a deacon, went secretly into the churches which were in the villages, and ministered and read the Scriptures, and encouraged and strengthened many by his words," Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon vol.8 p.690

Peter of Alexandria (306,285-310/311 A.D.) (implied) "and in this, according to the Word, when he speaks of the day of our holy festivity, which the election hath attained; but the rest have become hardened, as said the Scripture; and after other things." Fragment 5 : That up to the time of the destruction of Jerusalem… ch.1 p.281

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) "But the godly teaching and the faith according to Christ brands their foolish language as godlessness. Then he quotes Genesis 1:1. Incarnation of the Word ch.3.1 p.37

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) says scripture is an "authority". Athanasius Against the Heathen part 3 ch.45.2 p.28

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) "For although the sacred and inspired Scriptures are sufficient to declare the truth,—while there are other works of our blessed teachers compiled for this purpose, if he meet with which a man will gain some knowledge of the interpretation of the Scriptures, and be able to learn what he wishes to know,—still, as we have not at present in our hands the compositions of our teachers, we must communicate in writing to you what we learned from them,—the faith, namely, of Christ the Saviour; lest any should hold cheap the doctrine taught among us, or think faith in Christ unreasonable." Athanasius Against the Heathen part 1 ch.1.3 p.4

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) says that those who conspired against Jesus were ignorant of the sacred scriptures which foretold these things many age before by His prophets. The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.18 p.119.

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) shows the authority of Scripture. Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 1 ch.2 p.83

pseudo-Hippolytus (after 236 A.D.) says that the scriptures were instruction for us. Discourse on the End of the World ch.21 p.247

The Ebionite Clementine Homilies (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) homily 2 ch.41 p.237 appealed to scripture to judge truth.

The Ebionite Clementine Homilies (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) homily 3 ch.10 p.240 Peter says, "But we also can easily show many passages from them [the Scriptures] that He who made the world alone is God, and that there is none other besides Him. But if any one shall wish to speak otherwise, he also shall be able to produce proofs from them at his pleasure. For the Scriptures say all manner of things, that no one of those who inquire ungratefully may find the truth, but simply what he wishes to find, the truth being reserved for the grateful; now gratitude is to preserve our love to Him who is the cause of our being."

The Ebionite Clementine Homilies (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) homily 3 ch.48 p.245 used scripture to prove his point.

The Ebionite Epistle of Peter to James (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) ch.1 p.215 says they should only believe according to the Scriptures and mentions the prophets. They do not let anyone teach unless they have first learned how the Scriptures must be used.

The Ebionite Recognitions of Clement (c.211-231 A.D.) book 10 ch.42 p.203 "authority of the Scriptures".

The Ebionite Recognitions of Clement (c.211-231 A.D.) book 3 ch.75 p.134 appeals to Scripture. See also book 1 ch.68 p.95 and book 10 ch.42 p.203.

pseudo-Clement Two Epistles on Virginity (3rd century A.D.) Epistle 1 ch.3 p.56 appeals to scripture.

pseudo-Clement Two Epistles on Virginity (3rd century A.D.) Epistle 2 ch.4 p.62 appeals to scripture.

Marcionite heretic Megethius (c.300 A.D.) a self-labeled follower of Marcion, in his debate with Adamantius appeals to scripture. Dialogue on the True Faith first part ch.2 p.36 and ch.4 p.40

Marinus (c.300 A.D.) a Bardasene, in disputing with Adamantius, said to reject philosophical speculations and be guided only by the scriptures. Dialogue on the True Faith fifth part ch.b 15 p.167

Marinus (c.300 A.D.) a follower of Bardasanes, "The teaching of Christians stands by faith and the scriptures, so we must convince or be convinced from Scriptures." Dialogue on the True Faith in God fourth part d12 p.144

p46 Chester Beatty II – 1,680 verses 70% Paul plus Hebrews (100-150 A.D.) Hebrews 4:12

p75 Luke 3:18-22; 3:33-4:2; 4:34-5:10; 5:37-6:4; 6:10-7:32; 7:35-39,41-43; 7:46-9:2; 9:4-17:15; 17:19-18:18; 22:4-24,53; John 1:1-11:45; 48-57; 12:3-13:1,8-9; 14:8-29;15:7-8; (175-225 A.D.) John 12:38-40

p45 Chester Beatty I – 833 verses (4 gospels plus Acts) (200-225 A.D.) Much of Acts and the Gospels. Mt 20:24-32; 21:13-19; 25:41-26:39 [61 verses]; Mark 4:36-5:2; 5:16-26; 5:38-6:3; 2 letters of 6:15; 6:16-25, 36-50; 7:3-15; (7:44 is a bit hard to make out), 7:25-8:1; 8:10-26; 8:34-9:8; 4 letters of 9:9; 9:18-31; 11:27-12:1; 12:5-8,13-19,24-28 [147 verses]; Luke 6:31-41; 6:45-7:7; 9:26-41; 9:45-10:1; 10:6-22; 10:26-11:1; 11:6-25, 28-46; 11:50-12:13 (12:9 was never written); 12:18-37; 12:42-13:1; 13:6-24; 13:29-14:10; 14:17-33 [242 verses]; John 4:51,54; 5:21,24; 10:7-25; 2 complete out of 16 letters of 10:30; 10:31-11:10; 11:18-36,42-57 [84 verses]. Acts 4:27-36; 5:10-20; (8 out of 33 letters in 5:21) 30-39; 6:7-7:2; 7:10-21; 7:32-41; 7:52-8:1; 8:14-15, 8:34-9:6; (8:37 was never written); 9:16-27; 9:35-10:2; 10:10-23, 31-41; 11:2-13; 11:24-12:6; 12:13-22; 13:6-16,25-36; 13:46-14:3; 14:15-23; 15:2-7,9-27; 15:38-16:4; 16:15-21,32-40; 17:9-17) At Acts 15:7 this scribe lost his place and repeated from Acts 15:2. [289 verses]. Referenced Matthew 21:13,16; Acts 13:34-35 (Psalms, Isaiah).

p13 Hebrews 2:14-5:5; 10:8-22; 10:29-11:13; 11:28-12:17 (225-250 A.D.) Hebrews 11:1-13; 28-40 refers to many Old Testament stories as fact. Hebrews 3:7-11 quotes Numbers and Deuteronomy

p20 - James 2:19-3:2 (6 out of 96 letters of 3:3; 3:4-9 (3rd century A.D.) appeals to Genesis 22:9-12 in James 2:21-22

p40 – Romans 1:24-27; 1:31-2:3; 3:21-4:8; 6:2-5,16; 9:17,27 (3rd century A.D.) The law and the prophets "testify" in Romans 3:21. See also appeals to Isaiah in Romans 9:27.

p70 – Matthew 2:13-16; 2:22-3:1; 11:26-27; 12:4-5; 24:3-6,12-25 (3rd century A.D.) Jesus appeals to the law. Matthew 12:5

p17 Hebrews 9:12-19 (late 3rd century) (implied) refers to Numbers 19:9,17; Exodus 24:6-8 as an authority on sacrifices.

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. Luke 4:18-19,21; 24:44

Vaticanus (B) Most of the Old Testament and all of New Testament up to Hebrews 9:15 (325-350 A.D.) Luke 4:18-19,21; 6:10; 24:44

Sinaiticus (Aleph) Almost all of the New Testament and half of the Old Testament. (340-350 A.D.) Luke 4:18-19,21; 6:10; 24:44

Alexandrinus (c.450 A.D.) All of the Old Testament except Genesis 14:14-17; 15:1-5, 16-19; 16:6-9; 1 Samuel 12:17-14:9; Psalm 19:20-79:11. All of the New Testament except Matthew 1:1-25:6, John 6:50-8:52; Romans 16:24; and 2 Corinthians 4:13-12:6.

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) "Ye understand, beloved, ye understand well the Sacred Scriptures, and ye have looked very earnestly into the oracle of God. Call then these things to your remembrance. When Moses went…" 1 Clement ch.53 vol.1 p.19 (See also vol.9 p.245)

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) "For thus says God: ‘Let us make man in Our image, and after Our likeness.’" 1 Clement ch.33 vol.1 p.13-14 (vol.9 p.238-239). See also quotes Isaiah 6:3 as Scripture in ch.34 vol.1 p.14 (See also vol.9 p.239)

Ignatius of Antioch (100-107/116 A.D.) "And let us also love the prophets, because they too have proclaimed the Gospel, and placed their hope in Him, and waited for Him" Letter of Ignatius to the Philadelphians ch.5 p.82

Didache (before 125 A.D.) ch.2 vol.7 p.377 discusses Exodus 20:13,14,15,16,17.

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.5 p.139 "For to this end the Lord endured to deliver up His flesh to corruption, that we might be sanctified through the remission of sins, which is effected by His blood of sprinkling. For it is written concerning Him, partly with reference to Israel, and partly to us; and [The Scripture] saith thus: ‘He was wounded for our transgressions, and bruised for our iniquities: with His stripes we are healed…" (Isaiah 53:5,7)

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.4 p.138-139 quotes Exodus 31:18 and 34:28 as "Scripture says"

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) vol.7 ch.6 p.518 (See also vol.9 p.252) "For thus also saith the Scripture in Ezekiel, ‘If Noah, Job, and Daniel should rise up, they should not deliver their children in captivity.’"

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) quotes from Isaiah and other books in many places to establish truth in his dialogue. Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.110 p.254 and many other places.

Tatian’s Diatessaron (c.172 A.D.) section 22 p.78 says that if they believed Moses they should believe Jesus.

Athenagoras (177 A.D.) says that the Holy Spirit operated in the prophets. A Plea for Christians ch.10 p.133

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) mentions the "Old Testament" and lists the books in fragment 4 from the Book of Extracts vol.8 p.759

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "At the same time, I met with the sacred Scriptures of the holy prophets, who also by the Spirit of God foretold the things that have already happened,…" Theophilus to Autolycus book 1 ch.14 p.93. See also book 1 ch.14 p.93

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "For the divine writing itself teaches us that Adam said that he had heard the voice. But what else is this voice but the Word of God, who is also His Son?" Theophilus to Autolycus book 2 ch.22 p.103

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) mentions the New Testament in Irenaeus Against Heresies book 5 ch.34.1 p.563, and the Old Testament on p.564

The Muratorian Canon (190-217 A.D.) p.603 mentions the Old Testament.

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) quotes Numbers 6:9 as by Moses. The Instructor book 1 ch.2 p.210

Tertullian (c.213 A.D.) discusses in detail Genesis 2:21,23; 3:5,19; 4:10 then says, "This is the answer I should give in defence of the Scriptures before us, for seeming here to set forth the formation of the heaven and the earth,..." Against Hermogenes ch.32 p.495. See also Against Praxeas (c.213 A.D.) ch.12 p.607 (Genesis 1:3) ch.13 p.608 (Genesis 19:24).

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) says concerning the law, "blessed (is) the man who shall meditate by day and by night." Tertullian on Modesty ch.6 p.79

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "The form of it which He uses- ‘He that despiseth you, despiseth me’ -the Creator had also addressed to Moses: ‘Not against thee have they murmured, but against me.’" [Numbers 14:27] Five Books Against Marcion book 4 ch.24 p.388

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Testaments in Tertullian’s Five Books Against Marcion book 4 ch.6 p.351.

Asterius Urbanus (c.232 A.D.) mentions "the Old Testament prophets, or any of the New". from book 3 ch.9 p.337.

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "But not to confine ourselves to these words and arguments alone, for the purpose of convincing those who love to study the oracles of God, we shall demonstrate the matter by many other proofs. For Daniel says, ‘And these shall escape out of his hand, even Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon.’" Treatise on Christ and Antichrist ch.51 p.215

Theodotus the probable Montanist (ca.240 A.D.) "The Spirit by Osee [Hosea] says," and quotes part of Hosea 5:2. Excerpts of Theodotus ch.5 p.43. He also quotes Hosea 1:2,7,10,11; 5:2,8

Theodotus the probable Montanist (ca.240 A.D.) proves his point by quoting Deuteronomy 17:6. Excerpts of Theodotus ch.13 p.44.

Commodianus (c.240 A.D.) mentions the Old Testament claims concerning Christ. Instructions of Commodianus ch.25 p.207

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "…ancient Jewish writings, which we also use, but especially from those which were composed after the time of Jesus, and which are believed among the churches to be divine." Origen Against Celsus book 3 ch.45 p.482

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) refers to the "Old Testament" in Origen Against Celsus book 7 ch.24 p.620. He mentions the Old and New Testaments in Origen’s Commentary on John (c.227-240 A.D.) book 5 ch.4 p.348.

Origen (233/234 A.D.) emphasizes studying the law and prophets. Origen On Prayer ch.29.10 p.118

Origen (233/234 A.D.) shows we should study the Old Testament in Origen On Prayer ch.22.1 p.72-73 and ch.23.5 p.80

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Testaments in Treatise Concerning the Trinity ch.17 p.627 and ch.30 p.642-643.

Treatise Against Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) ch.3 p.658 accuses the Novatians of only reading instead of understanding the heavenly scriptures. It then quotes from Isaiah 42:19 as by Isaiah and Numbers 5:2 as by Moses.

Treatise on Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) ch.13 p.675 "plain that he is a heretic who believes on another God, or receives another Christ than Him whom the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament manifestly declare."

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) mentions the Old Testament in Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 ch.4 p.509

Pelaginaus of Luperciana at the Seventh Council of Carthage (258 A.D.) quotes parts of 1 Kings 18:21 "It is written, ‘Either the Lord is God, or Baal is God.’" Spoken by p.570

Gregory Thaumaturgus (240-265 A.D.) says he was taught not to put his trust in philosophers, but in God and his prophets. Oration and Panegyric to Origen argument 15 p.36

Dionysius of Alexandria (246-256 A.D.) quotes part of Job 14:1 as scripture. From the Books on Nature fragment 3 p.86.

Dionysius bishop of Rome (259-269 A.D.) "For the doctrine of the foolish Marcion, which cuts and divides the monarchy into three elements, is assuredly of the devil, and is not of Christ’s true disciples… For these [true disciples] indeed rightly know that the Trinity is declared in the divine Scripture, but that the doctrine that there are three gods is neither taught in the Old nor the New Testament." Dionysius of Rome Against the Sabellians ch.1 p.365

Anatolius of Alexandria (270-280 A.D.) quotes from the Old Testament to prove his case. "Accordingly, it is not the case, as certain calculators of Gaul allege, that this assertion is opposed by that passage in Exodus, where we read: ‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the first month, at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread until the one-and-twentieth day of the month at even. Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses.’ From this they maintain that it is quite permissible to celebrate the Passover on the twenty-first day of the moon; understanding that if the twenty-second day were added, there would be found eight days of unleavened bread. A thing which cannot be found with any probability, indeed, in the Old Testament, as the Lord, through Moses, gives this charge: ‘Seven days ye shall eat unleavened bread.’" ch.8 p.148

Theonas of Alexandria (282-300 A.D.) (partial, does not mention Old Testament) "Let no day pass by without reading some portion of the Sacred Scriptures, at such convenient hour as offers, and giving some space to meditation. And never cast off the habit of reading in the Holy Scriptures; for nothing feeds the soul and enriches the mind so well as those sacred studies do." Letter of Theonas, Bishop of Alexandria, to Lucianus, the Chief Chamberlain ch.9 p.161

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) (implied) quotes Isaiah 53:5 as an authority to prove his point. (Adamantius is speaking) Dialogue on the True Faith First part 820a 27 p.72

Alexander of Lycopolis (301 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Scriptures in his refutation called Of the Manichaeans ch.5 p.243.

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) "And the books of the Old Testament that are received are twenty-four" Commentary on the Apocalypse from the four chapter no.8 p.349

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Testaments in his Commentary on the Apocalypse of the Blessed John ch.15 (2nd time) p.345

Peter of Alexandria (306,285-310/311 A.D.) quotes Ecclesiastes 1:15 as "For in them is fulfilled what was spoken by the Preacher" The Canonical Epistle canon 4 p.270

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) mentions the Old Testament in The Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 10 ch.2 p.348. He specifically mentions Leviticus in The Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 6 ch.4 p.330

Theophilus (events c.315 A.D.) "Habib said: I worship not a man, because the Scripture teaches me, ‘Cursed is every one that putteth his trust in man;’ [Jeremiah 17:5] but God, who took upon Him a body and became a man, Him do I worship and glorify." Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon vol.8 p.693

Theophilus (events c.315 A.D.) (partial) "Now Habib, who was of the village of Telzeha and had been made a deacon, went secretly into the churches which were in the villages, and ministered and read the Scriptures, and encouraged and strengthened many by his words," Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon vol.8 p.690

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) refers to Psalms 22:16 as one of many scriptures by "the prophets". Incarnation of the Word ch.35.4 p.55

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) proves his point by quoting Deuteronomy 21:23 "cursed is he who hangs on a tree." Incarnation of the Word ch.25.2 p.49

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) "But all Scripture is divided into two Testaments. That which preceded the advent and passion of Christ-that is, the law and the prophets-is called the Old; but those things which were written after His resurrection are named the New Testament." The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.20 p.122

Alexander of Alexandria (313-326 A.D.) "And to confirm this insane doctrine, playing with Holy Scripture, they [Arians] bring forward what is said in the Psalms respecting Christ:" and quote Psalm 45:7. Epistles on the Arian Heresy Epistle 1 ch.3 p.292

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) (implied) proves points using the Old Testament. Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 1 ch.3.4-5 p.85

The Ebionite Epistle of Peter to James (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) ch.1 p.215 says they should only believe according to the Scriptures and mentions the prophets. They do not let anyone teach unless they have first learned how the Scriptures must be used.

The Ebionite Recognitions of Clement (c.211-231 A.D.) book 1 ch.68 p.95 appeals to the autority of the law and prophets. See also book 2 ch.38 p.107

X Mani (262-278 A.D.) said we are not to follow the Law and the Prophets, just the New Testament. Disputation with Manes ch.13 p.188

Bardesan/Bardesaines of Syria (154-224/232 A.D.) (allusion) "All the Jews, who received the law through Moses, circumcise their male children on the eighth day," He goes on to show this as another example that we should not wait on stars or astrology, but obey God. The Book of the Laws of Diverse Countries Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.8 p.733

Elchasaite Ebionites (before 236 A.D.) accepted the Old Testament. They taught that believers ought to be circumcised and live according to the law. They taught that Christ had been born on earth a number of times. This is according to Hippolytus in Refutation of All Heresies book 9 ch.9 p.132

The Ebionite Recognitions of Clement (c.211-231 A.D.) shows that the scriptures of the Jews are an authority. book 2 ch.38 p.107

Marinus (c.300 A.D.) a Bardesene, in disputing with Adamantius, appealed to the "Old Testament" and referred to David as a prophet. Dialogue on the True Faith ch.862a 20 p.173

Marinus (c.300 A.D.) a follower of Bardesanes, said that scripture said that the serpent deceived Eve, and Adamantius had no disagreement with that. Dialogue on the True Faith in God third part p.111-112.

Marinus (c.300 A.D.) a follower of Bardesanes, "Just as the Scripture says: ‘Let us make Man,’ it says, according to our image and likeness; and God took soil from the ground and fashioned Man’." Dialogue on the True Faith in God fourth part p.145

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) "Take up the epistle [to you Philippians] of the blessed Apostle Paul. … Truly under the inspiration of the Spirit" 1 Clement vol.1 ch.47 p.18

Ignatius of Antioch (c.100-117 A.D.) (quote) quotes 1 Thessalonians 5:17 Ignatius’ Letter to Polycarp ch.1 p.93

Ignatius of Antioch quotes one-fourth of 1 Timothy 1:1 "Jesus Christ who is our hope" Ignatius’ Letter to the Magnesians ch.1 p.64

Ignatius of Antioch (c.100-117 A.D.) (partial) Paul wrote a letter to the Ephesians according to Ignatius’ Letter to the Ephesians ch.12 p.55

Didache (120-150 A.D.) vol.7 ch.1 p.377 (quote) quotes Luke 6:30 "Give to every one that asks you, and ask it not back;"

Didache (=Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) (before 125 A.D.) vol.7 ch.1 p.377 quotes one-fourth of 1 Peter 2:11.

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) ch.2 p.517 "And another Scripture saith," and quotes Matthew 9:13.

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) ch.3 p.252 quotes Matthew 10:32 as by Jesus and also alludes to Matthew 22:37.

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) ch.4 p.252 paraphrases Matthew 7:21.

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) ch.5 p.252 quotes Matthew 5:28 as by Jesus.

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) ch.9 p.253 paraphrases Matthew 12:50 as by Jesus

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) ch.13 p.254 quotes loosely Luke 6:32 as the Lord is speaking. "No thank have ye, if ye love them which love you, but ye have thank, if ye love your enemies and them which hate you."

2 Clement (120-140 A.D.) ch.13 p.254 quotes part of Matthew 9:13 and Luke 6:32 as Scripture. "An another Scripture saith, ‘I came not to call the righteous, but sinners." 2 Clement also refers to quotes Matthew 6:24 and Luke 16:13, in ch.16 p.252.

Polycarp (100-155 A.D.) "He [Paul], when among you, accurately and stedfastly taught the word of truth in the presence of those who were then alive. And when absent from you [Philippians], he wrote you a letter, which, if you carefully study, you will find to be the means of building you up in that faith which has been given you, and which, being followed by hope, and preceded by love towards God, and Christ, and our neighbour, ‘is the mother of us all.’" Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians ch.3 p.33

Polycarp (100-155 A.D.) quotes Ephesians 4:26 "For I trust that ye are well versed in the Sacred Scriptures, …It is declared then in these Scriptures, ‘Be ye angry, and sin not,’ and , ‘Let not the sun go down upon your wrath.’" (12/12 words of the verse) Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians ch.12 p.35

Polycarp (100-155 A.D.) quotes half of 2 Thessalonians 3:15a (5 out of 9 Greek words) Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians ch.11 p.35

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) mentions "how the New Testament, which God formerly announced" Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.51 p.221.

Justin Martyr (c.150 A.D.) "For the Apostles, in the memoirs composed by them, which are called Gospels, have thus delivered unto us what was enjoined upon them;" First Apology of Justin ch.66 p.185

Tatian’s Diatessaron (c.172 A.D.) in this whole work accurately copies 79% of the verses in the gospels. That is 76% of Matthew, 59% of Mark, 78% of Luke, and 97% of John. He has references to no other gospels besides these four; the word Diatessaron means "the four".

Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis (160-177/180 A.D.) "Wherefore their opinion is contrary to the law, and the Gospels seem to be at variance with them." From the Book Concerning the Passover p.772

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) (implied) "We should leave things of that nature to God who created us, being most properly assured that the Scriptures are indeed perfect, since they were spoken by the Word of God and His Spirit;" Irenaeus Against Heresies book 2 ch.28.2 p.399

+ Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "Wherefore also it comes to pass, that the ‘most perfect’ among them addict themselves without fear to all those kinds of forbidden deeds of which the Scriptures assure us that ‘they who do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.’"Irenaeus Against Heresies book 1 ch.6.1 p.324

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) says "the blessed Paul" wrote and quotes 1 Corinthians 14:20. The Instructor book 1 ch.6 p.217

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) mentions the New Testament in An Answer to the Jews ch.6 p.157.

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Testaments in Tertullian’s Five Books Against Marcion book 4 ch.6 p.351.

Asterius Urbanus (c.232 A.D.) mentions "the Old Testament prophets, or any of the New". from book 3 ch.9 p.337. He also mentions the New Testament in The Exordium p.335

Theodotus the probable Montanist (ca.240) proves his points by quoting one right after the other 2 Corinthians 4:18; Matthew 6:33,32; 27; Luke 12:25; Matthew 12:44. Excerpts of Theodotus ch.11-12 p.44

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) mentions the New Testament of our Savior in Commentary on Genesis 49:12-15 p.165.

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) mentions the New Testament. Origen’s Commentary on John book 1 ch.6 p.300. He mentions the Old and New Testaments in Commentary on John book 5 ch.4 p.348.

Origen (233/234 A.D.) "Further, since every form of nourishment is called ‘bread’ in the Scirptures, as is clear from what is written concervningMoses, that for forty days he neither ate ‘bread’ nor drank water; and since the word that nourishes is manifold and vaired, for not everyone can receive the solid and strong nourishment of God’s teachings: therefore, wishing to give an athlete’s nourishment suitable to the more perfect, He says: ‘The bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.’ And a little later: ‘Except you eat the flesh fo the son of man and drink His blood, you shall not have life in you.’" Origen On Prayer ch.47.4 p.95. See also (implied) Origen On Prayer ch.25.1 p.85

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Testaments in Treatise Concerning the Trinity ch.17 p.627. He proves his points by quoting Romans 1:20 and 1 Timothy 1:26 in Treatise Concerning the Trinity ch.3 p.614.

Treatise on Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) ch.13 p.675 "plain that he is a heretic who believes on another God, or receives another Christ than Him whom the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament manifestly declare."

Treatise On Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Testaments ch.13 p.675. It mentions the New Testament in ch.2 p.668

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) refers to Matthew as an authority in The Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 book 1 ch.10-12 p.510-511.

Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (250 A.D.) proves his point by quoting in succession Matthew 10:37,38; 5:10-12; 10:18 or 21:22; Revelation 3:21; and Romans 8:35. Epistles of Cyprian Letter 25 ch.4 p.303

Nemesianus of Thubunae at the Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops) (258 A.D.) p.566 "That the baptism which heretics and schismatics bestow is not the true one, is everywhere declared in the Holy Scriptures, since their very leading men are false Christs and false prophets, as the Lord says by Solomon:" and quotes Proverbs 9:12 (Septuagint). Then he quotes Proverbs 9:19; John 3:5; Ephesians 4:3-6; John 3:6; and Galatians 5:19-21.

Caecilius of Bilta at the Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops) (258 A.D.) p.565 proves his point by quoting the last four out of six Greek words Ephesians 4:5.

Dionysius bishop of Rome (259-269 A.D.) "For the doctrine of the foolish Marcion, which cuts and divides the monarchy into three elements, is assuredly of the devil, and is not of Christ’s true disciples… For these [true disciples] indeed rightly know that the Trinity is declared in the divine Scripture, but that the doctrine that there are three gods is neither taught in the Old nor the New Testament." Dionysius of Rome Against the Sabellians ch.1 p.365

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) "he who does not accept the Law and the Prophets does not accept the Gospel either." Adamantius is debating Megethius the Marcionite. Dialogue on the True Faith Second part ch.10 p.87. See also ibid part 2 867a 12 p.100.

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) "I accept all the canonical [scriptures]. Dialogue on the True Faith 5th part ch.e19 p.173. See also ibid fourth part ch.424a p.129 on Genesis 1:2.

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) "Let us be guided by the Scriptures!" Dialogue on the True Faith Fifth part b 15 p.167

Alexander of Lycopolis (301 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Scriptures in his refutation called Of the Manichaeans ch.5 p.243.

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) mentions the Old and New Testaments in his Commentary on the Apocalypse of the Blessed John ch.15 (2nd time) p.345 He listed the letters of Paul in ch.16 p.345. See also ibid ch.13 p.344

Theophilus (events c.315) answers the governor’s questions by quoting Matthew 10:39 and Matthew 7:6 as Scripture to prove his point. Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon p.694

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) "more, seeing the power of the Word, we receive a knowledge also of His good Father, as the Saviour Himself says, "He that hath seen Me hath seen the Father. But this all inspired Scripture also teaches more plainly and with more authority, so that we in our turn write boldly to you as we do, and you, if you refer to them, will be able to verify what we say." Athanasius Against the Heathen ch.45 p.28

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) "But all Scripture is divided into two Testaments. That which preceded the advent and passion of Christ-that is, the law and the prophets-is called the Old; but those things which were written after His resurrection are named the New Testament." The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.20 p.122

Alexander of Alexandria (313-326 A.D.) (implied) quotes John 10:15 to prove his argument. Epistles on the Arian Heresy Epistle 2 ch.4 p.298

Mark 7:13 in speaking about Corban says, "Thus you nullify the word of God by your tradition that you have handed down. And you do many things like that."

John 10:34-35 "Is it not written in your Law, ‘I have said you are gods’? If he called them ‘gods,’ to whom the word of God came – and the Scripture cannot be broken"

Acts 17:11,13 "Now the Bereans were of more noble character than the Thessalonians, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true. (13) When the Jews in Thessalonica learned that Paul was preaching the word of God at Berea, they went there too,…"

Romans 9:6 "It is not as though God’s word had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel. Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, ‘It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned."

Galatians 6:6 "Anyone who receives instruction in the word must share all good things with his instructor"

Isaiah 1:10 "Hear the word of the LORD, you rulers of Sodom; listen to the law of our God, your people of Gomorrah!"

Luke 11:28 "He [Jesus] replied, ‘Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and obey it.’"

2 Corinthians 2:17 "Unlike so many, we do not peddle the word of God for profit. On the contrary, in Christ we speak before God with sincerity, like men sent from God."

2 Corinthians 4:2 "Rather, we have renounced secret and shameful ways; we do not use deception, nor do we distort the word of God. On the contrary, by setting forth the truth plainly we commend ourselves in every man’s conscience in the sight of God."

1 Peter 4:11 "If anyone speaks, he should do it as one speaking the very words of God."

1 Thessalonians 2:13 "And we also thank God continually because, when you received the word of God, which you heard from us, you accepted it not as the word of men, but as it actually is, the word of God, which is at work in you who believe."

p75 Luke 3:18-22; 3:33-4:2; 4:34-5:10; 5:37-6:4; 6:10-7:32; 7:35-39,41-43; 7:46-9:2; 9:4-17:15; 17:19-18:18; 22:4-24,53; John 1:1-11:45; 48-57; 12:3-13:1,8-9; 14:8-29;15:7-8; (175-225 A.D.) John 10:34-35

p45 Chester Beatty I – 833 verses (4 gospels plus Acts) (200-225 A.D.) John 10:34-35

p46 Chester Beatty II – 1,680 verses 70% Paul plus Hebrews (100-150 A.D.) 2 Corinthians 4:2

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. John 10:34-35

Clement of Rome (96-98 A,D.) (partial since used as a play on words) Both these appointments, then, were made in an orderly way, according to the will of God. Having therefore received their orders, and being fully assured by the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ, and established in the word of God, with full assurance of the Holy Ghost, they went forth proclaiming that the kingdom of God was at hand." 1 Clement ch.42 p.16

Ignatius of Antioch (100-107/116 A.D.) (partial) "Now, as to Philo the deacon, of Cilicia, a man of reputation, who still ministers to me in the word of God, along with Rheus Agathopus, an elect man, who has followed me from Syria, not regarding his life," Letter to the Philadelphians ch.11 p.85

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.10 p.144 "That we ought to join ourselves to those that fear the Lord, those who meditate in their heart on the commandment which they have received, those who both utter the judgments of the Lord and observe them, those who know that meditation is a work of gladness, and who ruminate upon the word of the Lord. But what means the cloven-footed? That the righteous man also walks in this world, yet looks forward to the holy state [to come]. Behold how well Moses legislated. But how was it possible for them to understand or comprehend these things? We then, rightly understanding his commandments, explain them as the Lord intended. For this purpose He circumcised our ears and our hearts, that we might understand these things."

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "Then I answered, "I know that, as the word of God says, this great wisdom of God, the Maker of all things, and the Almighty, is hid from you." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.38 p.213

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "And Moses, who lived many years before Solomon, or, rather, the Word of God by him as by an instrument, says, ‘In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.’" Theophilus to Autolycus book 2 ch.10 p.98

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) (partial) For the divine writing itself teaches us that Adam said that he had heard the voice." Theophilus to Autolycus book 2 ch.22 p.103

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "In this strain also the Apostle Paul, inasmuch as he had a good conscience, said to the Corinthians: ‘For we are not as many, who corrupt the Word of God: but as of sincerity, but as of God, in the sight of God speak we in Christ;’" Irenaeus Against Heresies book 4 ch.26.4 p.498

Clement of Alexandria (c.195 A.D.) (implied) "For a boon so great, the greatest ever given by God to the human race, would never have been hated and rejected, had not you been carried away by custom, and then shut your ears against us; and just as unmanageable horses throw off the reins, and take the bit between their teeth, you rush away from the arguments addressed to you, in your eager desire to shake yourselves clear of us, who seek to guide the chariot of your life, and, impelled by your folly, dash towards the precipices of destruction, and regard the holy word of God as an accursed thing." Exhortation to the Heathen ch.10 p.197

Tertullian (200-220 A.D.) "For herein is figuratively described the difference of doctrines, since in other passages also the word of God is likened unto seed." Prescription Against Heretics ch.31 p.258

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "but the Lord said, ‘Yea, rather, blessed are they that hear the word of God, and keep it.’" Five Books Against Marcion book 4 ch.26 p.393

Commodianus (c.240 A.D.) (partial, does not say scripture) "Dost thou wish to see the former things which thou hast renounced? Art thou again conversant with them? What shall the Anointed One profit thee? Or if it is permitted, on account of weakness, that thou foolishly profane ... Love not the world, nor its contents. Such is God’s word, and it seems good to thee. Thou observest man’s command, and shunnest God’s." Instructions of Commodianus ch.57 p.214

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "We acknowledge, however, although Celsus will not have it so, that we do desire to instruct all men in the word of God, so as to give to young men the exhortations which are appropriate to them, and to show to slaves how they may recover freedom of thought, and be ennobled by the word." Origen Against Celsus book 3 ch.54 p.485

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "let us show from the holy Scriptures that the word of God also encourages" Origen Against Celsus book 6 ch.7 p.576

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "For he labours thus because he believes-because he knows that what is foretold by God’s word is true, and that the Holy Scripture cannot lie-that unfruitful trees, that is, unproductive men, are cut off and cast into the fire, but that the merciful are called into the kingdom." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 8 ch.8 p.478

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Also in Deuteronomy, the word of God to Moses: ‘Call the people together to me, ...’" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 third part ch.20 p.540

Dionysius bishop of Rome (259-269 A.D.) "For I have heard that some who preach and teach the word of God among you are teachers of this opinion, who indeed diametrically, so to speak, are opposed to the opinion of Sabellius." Against the Sabellians ch.1 p.365

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) "For even the very word spoken to him testifies to him, saying, ‘Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations.’ But he was not a prophet unto the nations; and thus the truthful word of God makes it necessary, which it has promised to set forth, that he should be a prophet to the nations." Commentary on the Apocalypse from the eleventh chapter verse 5 p.354

Peter of Alexandria (306,285-311 A.D.) "and at Damascus he was let down by night in a basket by the wall, and escaped the hands of him who sought to take him. For what they set before themselves, first and foremost, was to do the work of an evangelist, and to teach the Word of God, in which, confirming the brethren, that they might continue in the faith, they said this also, "that we must out of much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God.’ For they sought not what was profitable for them, but that which was profitable for the many, that they might be saved, and that they might be enabled to say unto them many things conducing to this, that they might act suitably to the Word of God, ‘unless,’ as says the apostle, ‘the time should fail me in speaking.’" Canonical Epistle Canon 9 p.273

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) (implied) "For it is to be observed that the word of God says, that after the cry all the virgins arose, that is, that the dead shall be raised after the voice which comes from heaven, as also Paul intimates, that ‘the Lord Himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first;’ that is the tabernacles, for they died, being put off by their souls. ‘Then we which are alive shall be caught up together with them,’ meaning our souls." Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 6 ch.4 p.330

Justin Martyr (c.150 A.D.) (partial) "If, then, we all kill ourselves we shall become the cause, as far as in us lies, why no one should be born, or instructed in the divine doctrines, or even why the human race should not exist; and we shall, if we so act, be ourselves acting in opposition to the will of God." Second Apology of Justin Martyr ch.3 p.189

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "and I shall plainly set forth from these divine Scriptures proofs to [satisfy] all the lovers of truth." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 2 ch.35.4 p.413

Caius (190-217 A.D.) says that heretics boldly falsified scripture. ch.3 p.602 "But as to those men who abuse the arts of the unbelievers to establish their own heretical doctrine, and by the craft of the impious adulterate the simple faith of the divine Scriptures, what need is there to say that these are not near the faith?"

Clement of Alexandria (183-202 A.D.) He who believeth then the divine Scriptures with sure judgment, receives in the voice of God, who bestowed the Scripture, a demonstration that cannot be impugned. Stromata book 2 ch.2 p.349

Clement of Alexandria (199-217/220 A.D.) "And by and by I will fortify them with the divine Scriptures." The Instructor book 3 ch.2 p.273

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) calls Baruch 3:16-19 "divine scripture" The Instructor book 2 ch.3 p.247

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) said that the chamberlain [Ethiopian eunuch] was reading "divine Scripture" On Baptism ch.18 p.678

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) "By (the standard of) Idolatry we are measured; by her disjunctive intervention we are conjoined; to her, outjutting from our midst, we are united; the Divine Scripture has made us concorporate;" On Modesty ch.5 p.78

Hippolytus (222-235/236 A.D.) "‘And he [Daniel] wrote the dream.’ The things, therefore, which were revealed to the blessed prophet by the Spirit in visions, these he also recounted fully for others, that he might not appear to prophesy of the future to himself alone, but might be proved a prophet to others also, who wish to search the divine Scriptures." Scholia on Daniel ch.7 verse 1 p.188

Origen (240 A.D.) quotes Micah 2:9 as "this is what the divine Scripture expresses". Homilies on Jeremiah Homily 28 ch.5 p.264 (translated by Jerome)

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "Consider however, whether the divine Scriptures do not in many places teach this; as where the Saviour says, ‘Or have ye not read that which was spoken at the bush, I am the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob. He is not God of the dead but of the living.’" [Mark 12:26] Commentary on John book 2 ch.10 p.333

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) "Scripture has frequently declared Him [Christ] both Angel and God, so the same divine Scripture declares Him also both man and God." Then Novatian quotes Genesis 32:24-27 to prove his point. Novatian Concerning the Trinity ch.19 p.630

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "a large number of bishops, whom their faith and the divine protection had preserved in soundness and safety, we met together; and the divine Scriptures being brought forward on both sides, we balance the decision with wholesome moderation,…" Epistles of Cyprian letter 51 ch.6 p.328

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Divine Scripture proves this, when it says, …" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 1 ch.24 p.429

Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (256 A.D.) "so that of none more than of you does divine Scripture say, ‘A wrathful man stirreth up strifes, and a furious man heapeth up sins." Epistles of Cyprian Letter 74 ch.24 p.396

Felix of Amacora At the Seventh Council of Carthage (258 A.D.) p.659 "Also another Felix of Amaccora said: And I myself, following the authority of the divine Scriptures,"

Dionysius of Alexandria (246-265 A.D.) "Moreover, divine Scripture calls us makers of those motions which proceed from the heart, when it calls us doers of the law of judgment and of justice." Epistles of Dionysius Letter 4 ch.11 p.93

Dionysius bishop of Rome (259-269 A.D.) "For these indeed rightly know that the Trinity is declared in the divine Scripture," in ch.1 and uses Moses in Deuteronomy [32:6] to "convict" these men. Dionysius of Rome Against the Sabellians (ANF vol.7) ch.2 p.365

Anatolius (270-280 A.D.) "And therefore we have said that those parties have committed no trivial offence who have ventured either on anticipating or on going beyond this number, which is given us in the divine Scriptures themselves." ch.16 p.151

Theonas of Alexandria (282-300 A.D.) "On occasion also he will endeavour to laud the divine Scriptures, which, with marvellous care and most liberal expenditure, Ptolemy Philadelphus caused to be translated into our language;" ch.7 p.160

Phileas of Thmuis (martyred 306/307 A.D.) "Having before them all these examples and signs and illustrious tokens which are given us in the divine and holy Scriptures, the blessed martyrs who lived with us did not hesitate, but directing the eye of their soul in sincerity to that God who is over all, and embracing with willing mind the death which their piety cost them, they adhered steadfastly to their vocation." Letter of Phileas to Thmuis ch.1 p.162

Lucian of Antioch (c.300-311 A.D.) refers to "divine Scriptures" Creed of Lucian of Antioch in The Creeds of Christendom by Philip Schaff vol.2 p.28

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) "For the soul is made after the image and likeness of God, as divine Scripture also shews, when it says in the person of God ‘Let us make man after our Image and likeness.’" Athanasius Against the Heathen part 2 ch.34 p.22

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) "For which of the righteous men and holy prophets, and patriarchs, recorded in the divine Scriptures, ever had his corporal birth of a virgin only?" Incarnation of the Word ch.35.2 p.54

Alexander of Alexandria (313-326 A.D.) "By saying these things, and by unfolding the divine Scriptures, we have often refuted them [Arians]." Epistles on the Arian Heresy Letter 2 ch.5 p.298

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) says some heretics have "laid their hands boldly upon the Divine Scriptures, alleging that hey have corrected them." Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 5 ch.8.16 p.248

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) (implied) speaks of the divine oracles. Preparation for the Gospel book 4 ch.21 p.31

The Ebionite Recognitions of Clement (c.211-231 A.D.) book 10 ch.42 p.203 "For there are many sayings in the divine Scriptures which can be drawn to that sense which every one has preconceived for himself; and this ought not to be done."

Polycarp (100-155 A.D.) "For I trust that ye are well verses in the Sacred Scriptures, and that nothing is hid from you; but to me this privilege is not yet granted." Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians (100-155 A.D.) ch.12 p.35

Justin Martyr (c.148-165 A.D.) "Pay attention, therefore, to what I shall record out of the holy Scriptures, which do not need to be expounded, but only listened to." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.55 p.222

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "But now, by means of the contents of those Scriptures esteemed holy and prophetic amongst you, I attempt to prove all..." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.32 p.210.

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "Then holy Scripture gives a summary in these words: ‘This is the book of the generation of the heavens and the earth, when they were created, in the day that the Lord made the heavens and the earth, and every green thing of the field, before it was made, and every herb of the field before it grew. For God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.’" Theophilus to Autolycus book 2 ch.19 p.102. See also book 2 ch.13 p.100.

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "I met with the sacred Scriptures of the holy prophets, who also by the Spirit of God foretold the things that have already happened, just as they came to pass" Theophilus to Autolycus book 1 ch.14 p.93

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "promised by His prophets in the holy Scriptures, concerning His Son," Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.16.3 p.441

Polycrates of Ephesus (196 A.D.) "I … have read through all Holy Scripture, am not frightened at the things which are said to terrify us. For those who are greater than I have said, ‘We ought to obey God rather than men.’" Epistle to Victor and the Roman Church vol.8 p.774

Caius (190-217 A.D.) ch.2.1 p.601 "And perhaps what they allege might be credible, did not the Holy Scriptures contradict them." Then he mentions earlier church writers. "I mean Justin and Miltiades, and Tatian and Clement, and many others, in all which divinity is ascribed to Christ. For who is ignorant of the books of Irenaeus and Melito, and the rest, which declare Christ to be God and man?"

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) "let me act and speak In all things as Thy Holy Scriptures teach;" The Instructor book 3 To the Paedagogus p.296

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) goes into great detail about early Christian worship. "After manual ablution, and the bringing in of lights, each is asked to stand forth and sing, as he can, a hymn to God, either one from the holy Scriptures or one of his own composing," Apology ch.39 p.47

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) "The law of piety, sanctity, humanity, truth, chastity, justice, mercy, benevolence, modesty, remains in its entirety; in which law ‘blessed (is) the man who shall meditate by day and by night.’ About that (law) the same David (says) again: ‘The law of the Lord (is) unblameable converting souls; the statutes of the Lord (are) direct, delighting hearts; the precept of the Lord far-shining, enlightening eyes.’ Thus, too, the apostle: ‘And so the law indeed is holy, and the precept holy and most good’ -’Thou shalt not commit adultery,’ of course." Tertullian on Modesty ch.6 p.79

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "There is, brethren, one God, the knowledge of whom we gain from the Holy Scriptures, and from no other source." Against the Heresy of One Noetus ch.9 p.227

Hippolytus of Portus (after 236 A.D.) speaks of Holy Scripture. Refutation of All Heresies book 1 Proemium p.10

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "Thus we see that he who aims at a complete understanding of the Holy Scriptures must not neglect the careful examination of the proper names in it." Origen’s Commentary on John ch.6.24 p.371

Origen (c.240 A.D.) speaks of "sacred scriptures" and then quotes Jeremiah 32:16 and Psalm 75:8. Homilies on Jeremiah homily 12 ch.2 p.112

Origen (230-235 A.D.) "3. Do you then, my son, diligently apply yourself to the reading of the sacred Scriptures. Apply yourself, I say." Letter from Origen to Gregory ch.3 p.394

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "let us show from the holy Scriptures that the word of God also encourages" Origen Against Celsus book 6 ch.7 p.576

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "‘I am the resurrection.’ Jesus preaches to the poor those things which are laid up for the saints, calling them to the divine promises. And the holy Scriptures bear witness to the Gospel announcements made by the Apostles and to that made by our Saviour." Commentary on John ch.1 no.10 p.302

Origen (233/234 A.D.) "And now we must prove from Sacred Scripture what we have said," Origen On Prayer ch.9.1 p.38.

Origen (233/234 A.D.) says Scripture is sacred in Origen On Prayer ch.23.5 p.80 and ch.29.10 p.118

Origen (235 A.D.) says that scripture is sacred. Exhortation to Martyrdom ch.1.2 p.141

Treatise on Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) ch.4 p.669 "Because the Holy Scripture has affirmed that they who should believe in Christ, must needs be baptized in the Spirit; so that these also may not seem to have anything less than those who are perfectly Christians;"

Treatise On Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) ch.1 p.668 says it will "as is needful collect into one mass whatever passages of the Holy Scriptures are pertinent to this subject."

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "because he knows that what is foretold by God’s word is true, and the Holy Scripture cannot lie-" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 8 ch.8 p.478

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Neither do I vouch for this on my own authority; but I promise it on the faith of the Holy Scriptures, and on the authority of the divine promise." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 8 ch.9 p.478

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "For he labours thus because he believes-because he knows that what is foretold by God’s word is true, and that the Holy Scripture cannot lie-that unfruitful trees, that is, unproductive men, are cut off and cast into the fire, but that the merciful are called into the kingdom." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 8 ch.8 p.478. See also ibid Treatise 12 part 1 Heads no.4 p.507.

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "when Holy Scripture speaks by the mouth of the prophet Ezekiel, and says, "Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness and from all your idols will I cleanse you." Epistles of Cyprian Letter 75 ch.12 p.401

Moyses, Maximum, and Nicostratus (248-257 A.D.) say "Certainly their spirits are to be cheered and to be nourished up to the season of their maturity, and they are to be instructed from the Holy Scriptures how great and surpassing a sin they [the lapsed] have committed." Letter to Cyprian 25 ch.6 p.304

Nemesianus of Thubunae at the Seventh Council of Carthage (258 A.D.) "That the baptism which heretics and schismatic bestow is not the true one, is everywhere declared in the Holy Scriptures, since there very leading men are false Christs and false prophets,…" (p.566)

Felix of Gurgites at the Seventh Council of Carthage (258 A.D.) "I judge that, according to the precepts of the holy Scriptures, he who is unlawfully baptized by heretics outside the Church, when he wishes to take refuge in the Church, should obtain the grace of baptism where it is lawfully given." (p.571)

Pontius (258 A.D.) "For although we do not read of the day of the Lord as a year in sacred Scripture, yet we regard that space of time as due in making promise of future things." Life and Passion of Cyprian ch.13 p.272

Gregory Thaumaturgus (240-265 A.D.) quotes half of Revelation 3:7, which is like Isaiah 22:22. "And this same principle is expressed indeed in the Holy Scriptures themselves, when it is said that only He who shutteth openeth, and no other one whatever; and what is shut is opened when the word of inspiration explains mysteries." Oration and Panegyric to Origen argument 15 p.36

Dionysius of Alexandria (246-265 A.D.) mentions "the demonstration and teaching of the Holy Scriptures". Two books on the Promises ch.2 p.82. See also Epistle to Bishop Basilides Canon 1 p.94.

Dionysius of Alexandria (246-265 A.D.) "However, it will be acknowledged cordially by all, that from the date of the resurrection of our Lord, those who up to that time have been humbling their souls with fastings, ought at once to begin their festal joy and gladness. But in what you have written to me you have made out very clearly, and with an intelligent understanding of the Holy Scriptures, that no very exact account seems to be offered in them of the hour at which He rose." Letter to Bishop Basilides p.94

Anatolius (270-280 A.D.) ch.3 p.147 "who was one of the Seventy who translated the sacred and holy Scriptures of the Hebrews for Ptolemy Philadelphus and his father, and dedicated his exegetical books on the law of Moses to the same kings. These writers, in solving some questions which are raised with respect to Exodus, say that all alike ought to sacrifice the Passover"

Theonas of Alexandria (282-300 A.D.) "Let no day pass by without reading some portion of the Sacred Scriptures, at such convenient hour as offers, and giving some space to meditation. And never cast off the habit of reading in the Holy Scriptures; for nothing feeds the soul and enriches the mind so well as those sacred studies do." Letter of Theonas, Bishop of Alexandria, to Lucianus, the Chief Chamberlain ch.9 p.161

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) "You maintain, then that figurative language has been used in regard to the term "Son of Man"? … By your [heretical] theory, either Christ is found to be a liar because He calls Himself ‘Son of Man’, although He is not man; or all the Holy Scriptures are to be understood in the spiritual sense, even if figurative language has not been used." [Adamantius is speaking here, arguing against Megethius the Marcionite] Dialogue on the True Faith First part 808a.7 p.45. See also ibid the fifth part 12 p.164.

Phileas of Thmuis (martyred 306/307 A.D.) "Having before them all these examples and signs and illustrious tokens which are given us in the divine and holy Scriptures, the blessed martyrs who lived with us did not hesitate, but directing the eye of their soul in sincerity to that God who is over all, and embracing with willing mind the death which their piety cost them, they adhered steadfastly to their vocation." Letter of Phileas to Thmuis ch.1 p.162

Phileas of Thmuis (martyred 306/307 A.D.) quotes Exodus 22:20 and 20:3 as "by the Holy Scriptures" Letter of Phileas to the People of Thmuis p.163

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "for there is no contradiction nor absurdity in the Holy Scripture." Discourse on the Resurrection part 1 ch.9 p.366

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "Virginity is something supernaturally great, wonderful, and glorious; and, to speak plainly and in accordance with the Holy Scriptures, this best and noblest manner of life alone is the root of immortality" Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 1 ch.1 p.310

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) "one who was named Adam in Hebrew, is described in the Holy Scriptures" Athanasius Against the Heathen ch.2 p.5

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) "God completed the world and this admirable work of nature in the space of six days, as is contained in the secrets of Holy Scripture, and consecrated the seventh day, on which He had rested from His works." The Divine Institutes book 7 ch.14 p.211

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) "the writings of Holy Scripture" The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.20 p.122

Alexander of Alexandria (313-326 A.D.) "Since the body of the Catholic Church is one, and it is commanded in Holy Scripture that we should keep the bond of unanimity and peace" Epistles on the Arian Heresy Letter 2 ch.1 p.296

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) says scripture is Holy. Demonstration of the Gospel book 1.5 p.8

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) speaks of holy scripture. Preparation for the Gospel book 4 ch.21 p.31. See also ibid book 2 ch.9 p.16 and book 3 ch.3 p.8.

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) speaks of sacred scripture. Preparation for the Gospel book 5 ch.4 p.8

p75 Luke 3:18-22; 3:33-4:2; 4:34-5:10; 5:37-6:4; 6:10-7:32; 7:35-39,41-43; 7:46-9:2; 9:4-17:15; 17:19-18:18; 22:4-24,53; John 1:1-11:45; 48-57; 12:3-13:1,8-9; 14:8-29;15:7-8; (175-225 A.D.) John 2:22

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. John 2:12

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) (implied) "But if I [Justin] quote frequently Scriptures, and so many of them, referring to this point, and ask you to comprehend them, you are hard-hearted in the recognition of the mind and will of God. But if you wish to remain for ever so, I would not be injured at all; and for ever retaining the same [opinions] which I had before I met with you, I shall leave you.’ And Trypho said,’ Look, my friend, you made yourself master of these [truths] with much labour and toil. And we accordingly must diligently scrutinize all that we meet with, in order to give our assent to those things which the Scriptures compel us [to believe].’" Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.68 p.232

Caius (190-217 A.D.) (implied) "For either they do not believe that the divine Scriptures were dictated by the Holy Spirit, and are thus infidels; or they think themselves wiser than the Holy Spirit, and what are they then but demoniacs?" ch.3 p.602

Clement of Alexandria (183-202 A.D.) He who believeth then the divine Scriptures with sure judgment, receives in the voice of God, who bestowed the Scripture, a demonstration that cannot be impugned. Stromata book 2 ch.2 p.349

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "Believe, then, your own books, and as to our Scriptures so much the more believe writings which are divine, but in the witness of the soul itself give like confidence to Nature." The Soul’s Testimony ch.6 p.179

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) (implied) "There is, brethren, one God, the knowledge of whom we gain from the Holy Scriptures, and from no other source." Against the Heresy of One Noetus ch.9 p.227

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "… and learn that the Scripture deals falsely with us in nothing" Fragment 6 on Susannah ch.41 p.193

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) (partial, word of truth, not scripture) "9. ‘The words are closed up and sealed.’ For as a man cannot tell what God has prepared for the saints; for neither has eye seen nor ear heard, nor has it entered into the heart of man (to conceive) these things, into which even the saints, too, shall then eagerly desire to look; so He said to him, ‘For the words are sealed until the time of the end; until many shall be chosen and tried with fire.’ And who are they who are chosen, but those who believe the word of truth, so as to be made white thereby, and to cast off the filth of sin, and put on the heavenly, pure, and glorious Holy Spirit, in order that, when the Bridegroom comes, they may go in straightway with Him?" Scholia on Daniel book 12 from chapter 12 verse 9 p.191

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "For let him believe from our own Scriptures that Peter obtained his freedom after having been bound in prison, an angel having loosed his chains; and that Paul, having been bound in the stocks along with Silas in Philippi of Macedonia, was liberated by divine power, when the gates of the prison were opened." Origen Against Celsus book 2 ch.34 p.445

Treatise on Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) ch.4 p.669 (partial) "Because the Holy Scripture has affirmed that they who should believe in Christ, must needs be baptized in the Spirit; so that these also may not seem to have anything less than those who are perfectly Christians;"

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Moreover, belief in divine Scripture declares to us," Epistles of Cyprian letter 58 ch.3 p.354

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) (implied) "for there is no contradiction nor absurdity in the Holy Scripture." Discourse on the Resurrection part 1 ch.9 p.366

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) "Ye understand, beloved, ye understand well the Sacred Scriptures, and ye have looked very earnestly into the oracles of God." 1 Clement ch.53 vol.1 p.19

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "Then I said again, ‘Would you suppose, sirs, that we could ever have understood these matters in the Scriptures, if we had not received grace to discern by the will of Him whose pleasure it was?’" Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.119 p.258

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "For one of the prophets whom we already mentioned, Hosea by name, said, ‘Who is wise, and he shall understand these things? prudent, and he shall know them? for the ways of the Lord are right, and the just shall walk in them: but the transgressors shall fall therein.’ He, then, who is desirous of learning, should learn much." Theophilus to Autolycus part 2 ch.38 p.110

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "From the words of Peter, therefore, which he addressed in Caesarea to Cornelius the centurion, and those Gentiles with him, to whom the word of God was first preached, we can understand what the apostles used to preach, the nature of their preaching, and their idea with regard to God." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.12.7 p.432

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) "With the greatest clearness the blessed Paul has solved for us this question in his First Epistle to the Corinthians, writing thus: 'Brethren, be not children in understanding; howbeit in malice be children, but in understanding be men.'" The Instructor book 1 ch.6 p.217

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) "But we are God-taught, and glory in the name of Christ. How then are we not to regard the apostle as attaching this sense to the milk of the babes?" The Instructor book 1 ch.6 p.219

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) (partial, Old Testament) "and therefore it was said to the Hebrews, ‘If ye believe not, neither shall you understand;’ that is, unless you believe what is prophesied in the law, and oracularly delivered by the law, you will not understand the Old Testament, which He by His coming expounded." Stromata book 4 ch.21 p.434

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "Moreover, that you may not suppose the apostle to have any other meaning, in his care to teach you, and that you may understand him seriously to apply his statement to the flesh, when he says ‘this corruptible’ and ‘this mortal,’ he utters the words while touching the surface of his own body." On the Resurrection of the Flesh ch.51 p.584-585

Hippolytus of Portus (225-234/235 A.D.) "Wherefore he says: ‘To understand the difficulties of words; for things spoken in strange language by the Holy Spirit become intelligible to those who have their hearts right with God.’" On Proverbs p.172

Theodotus the probable Montanist (ca.240 A.D.) (partial) "As, then, the magnet, repelling other matter, attracts iron alone by reason of affinity; so also books, though many read them, attract those alone who are capable of comprehending them. For the word of truth is to some ‘foolishness,’ and to others a ‘stumbling block;’ but to a few ‘wisdom.’" Excerpts of Theodotus ch.27 p.46

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "The student who desires to understand the Scripture must always proceed in this careful way; he must ask with regard to each speech, who is the speaker and on what occasion it was spoken. Thus only can we discern how speech harmonizes with the character of the speaker, as it does all through the sacred books." Origen’s Commentary on John ch.6.5 p.354

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "Thus we see that he who aims at a complete understanding of the Holy Scriptures must not neglect the careful examination of the proper names in it." Origen’s Commentary on John ch.6.24 p.371

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) (implied) "That the Jews could understand nothing of the Scriptures unless they first believed in Christ. In Isaiah: ‘And if ye will not believe, neither will ye understand.’" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 ch.5 p.509

Cyprian of Carthage (c/246-256 A.D.) "according to the saying of the apostle: 'For know this with understanding, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, whose guilt is that of idolatry, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God.'" Epistles of Cyprian Letter 51 ch.27 p.334

Dionysius of Alexandria (246-265 A.D.) "However, it will be acknowledged cordially by all, that from the date of the resurrection of our Lord, those who up to that time have been humbling their souls with fastings, ought at once to begin their festal joy and gladness. But in what you have written to me you have made out very clearly, and with an intelligent understanding of the Holy Scriptures, that no very exact account seems to be offered in them of the hour at which He rose." Letter to bishop Basilides p.94

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) "Therefore it behooves us diligently, and with the utmost care, to follow the prophetic announcement, and to understand what the Spirit from the Father both announces and anticipates, and how, when He has gone forward to the last times, He again repeats the former ones. And now, what He will do once for all, He sometimes sets forth as if it were done; and unless you understand this, as sometimes done, and sometimes as about to be done, you will fall into a great confusion. Therefore the interpretation of the following sayings has shown therein, that not the order of the reading, but the order of the discourse, must be understood." Commentary on the Apocalypse from the eleventh chapter ch.8 p.355

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) "I must now use, which I have refrained from doing in the former books. Above all things, he who desires to comprehend the truth ought not only to apply his mind to understand the utterances of the prophets, but also most diligently to inquire into the times during which each one of them existed, that he may know what future events they predicted, and after how many years their predictions were fulfilled." The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.5 p.104

Meditate on God and His word, laws, promises, ways, wonders. Ps 104:34; 1:2; 119: 15,23,27,48,78,97,99,103,140,148; 39:3; 2 Cor 7:1; 2 Pet 1:4, and works. Ps 77:12; 143:5

-morning/night. Ps 5:3; 16:7; 63:6; 119:55,148; 92:2; 42:8; 77:6; Is26:9;Job 35:10; Gen 24:63

meditating on God pleases Him.Ps19:14;5:1;104:34 and enriches us. Js1:8; Ps1:2-3

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.10 p.144 "That we ought to join ourselves to those that fear the Lord, those who meditate in their heart on the commandment which they have received, those who both utter the judgments of the Lord and observe them, those who know that meditation is a work of gladness, and who ruminate upon the word of the Lord. But what means the cloven-footed? That the righteous man also walks in this world, yet looks forward to the holy state [to come]. Behold how well Moses legislated. But how was it possible for them to understand or comprehend these things? We then, rightly understanding his commandments, explain them as the Lord intended. For this purpose He circumcised our ears and our hearts, that we might understand these things."

Justin Martyr (c.150 A.D.) quotes all of Psalm 1. First Apology of Justin Martyr ch.40 p.176

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "Now the law has figuratively predicted all these, delineating man by the [various] animals: whatsoever of these, says [the Scripture], have a double hoof and ruminate, it proclaims as clean; but whatsoever of them do not possess one or other of these [properties], it sets aside by themselves as unclean. Who then are the clean? Those who make their way by faith steadily towards the Father and the Son; for this is denoted by the steadiness of those which divide the hoof; and they meditate day and night upon the words of God, that they may be adorned with good works: for this is the meaning of the ruminants." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 5 ch.8.4 p.534

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "Again, he commands to eat that which parts the hoof and ruminates; ‘intimating,’ says [the Epistle of] Barnabas, ‘that we ought to cleave to those who fear the Lord, and meditate in their heart on that portion of the word which they have received, to those who speak and keep the Lord’s statutes, to those to whom meditation is a work of gladness, and who ruminate on the word of the Lord." Stromata book 5 ch.8 p.456

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) "The law of piety, sanctity, humanity, truth, chastity, justice, mercy, benevolence, modesty, remains in its entirety; in which law ‘blessed (is) the man who shall meditate by day and by night.’ About that (law) the same David (says) again: ‘The law of the Lord (is) unblameable converting souls; the statutes of the Lord (are) direct, delighting hearts; the precept of the Lord far-shining, enlightening eyes.’ Thus, too, the apostle: ‘And so the law indeed is holy, and the precept holy and most good’ -’Thou shalt not commit adultery,’ of course." Tertullian on Modesty ch.6 p.79

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "For what could better tend to make a man happy, than having ‘his delight in the law of the Lord?’ ‘In that law would he meditate day and night." Five Books Against Marcion book 2 ch.19 p.312

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "For that those things which are written must be done, God witnesses and admonishes, saying to Joshua the son of Nun: ‘The book of this law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate in it day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein.’" Epistles of Cyprian Letter 73 ch.2 p.386

Methodius (c.270-311/312 A.D.) "If I shut my ears against detraction and slanders, and open them to the word of God, having intercourse with wise men, then have I offered up my ears to the Lord. If I keep my hands from dishonourable dealing, from acts of covetousness and of licentiousness, then are my hands kept pure to God. If I withhold my steps from going in perverse ways, then have I offered up my feet, not going to the places of public resort and banquets, where wicked men are found, but into the right way, fulfilling something of the commands. What, then, remains to me, if I also keep the heart pure, offering up all its thoughts to God; if I think no evil, if anger and wrath gain no rule over me, if I meditate in the law of the Lord day and night?" Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 5 ch.4 p.327

Irenaeus (182-188 A.D.) "Wherefore also John does appropriately relate that the Lord said to the Jews: ‘Ye search the Scriptures, in which ye think ye have eternal life; these are they which testify of me. And ye are not willing to come unto Me, that ye may have life.’ How therefore did the Scriptures testify of Him, unless they were from one and the same Father, instructing men beforehand as to the advent of His Son, and foretelling the salvation brought in by Him?’ For if ye had believed Moses, ye would also have believed Me; for he wrote of Me;’" Irenaeus Against Heresies book 4 ch.10.1 p.473

Hippolytus (222-235/236 A.D.) "‘And he [Daniel] wrote the dream.’ The things, therefore, which were revealed to the blessed prophet by the Spirit in visions, these he also recounted fully for others, that he might not appear to prophesy of the future to himself alone, but might be proved a prophet to others also, who wish to search the divine Scriptures." Scholia on Daniel ch.7 verse 1 p.188

Theodotus the probable Montanist (ca.240 A.D.) "We must, then, search the Scriptures accurately, since they are admitted to be expressed in parables, and from the names run out the thoughts which the Holy Spirit, propounding respecting things, teaches by imprinting His mind, so to speak, on the expressions" Excepts from Theodotus ch.32 p.47

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "Christ is written about even in the Pentateuch; He is spoken of in each of the Prophets, and in the Psalms, and, in a word, as the Saviour Himself says, in all the Scriptures. He refers us to them all, when He says: ‘Search the Scriptures, for in them ye think ye have eternal life, and these are they which testify of Me.’" Commentary on John book 5 ch.4 p.347

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) says to Search the Scriptures. Incarnation of the Word ch.57.1 p.67

Justin Martyr (c.150 A.D.) "And that the prophets are inspired by no other than the Divine Word, even you, as I fancy, will grant." First Apology of Justin Martyr ch.33 p.174

Justin Martyr (c.150 A.D.) "And again the same prophet Isaiah, being inspired by the prophetic Spirit, said, ‘I have spread out my hands to a disobedient and gainsaying people, to those who walk in a way that is not good. They now ask of me judgment, and dare to draw near to God.’" First Apology of Justin Martyr ch.35 p.174

Athenagoras (177 A.D.) (implied) But, since the voices of the prophets confirm our arguments-for I think that you also, with your great zeal for knowledge, and your great attainments in learning, cannot be ignorant of the writings either of Moses or of Isaiah and Jeremiah, and the other prophets, who, lifted in ecstasy above the natural operations of their minds by the impulses of the Divine Spirit, uttered the things with which they were inspired, the Spirit making use of them as a flute-player breathes into a flute;-what, then, do these men say? A Plea for Christians ch.9 p.133

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "Moreover, concerning the righteousness which the law enjoined, confirmatory utterances are found both with the prophets and in the Gospels, because they all spoke inspired by one Spirit of God. Isaiah accordingly spoke thus: ‘Put away the evil of your doings from your souls; learn to do well, seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.’" Theophilus to Autolycus book 3 ch.12 p.134

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "Accordingly, those fall from this eminence who follow not God whither He leads. And He leads us in the inspired Scriptures." Stromata book 7 ch.16 p.553

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "and we read that ‘every Scripture suitable for edification is divinely inspired.’" On the Apparel of Women ch.1.3 p.16

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) discusses how Paul’s epistles are scripture. The only exception is where Paul writes "I say, and not the Lord". Here is what Origen writes: "Consider on this point the language of St. Paul. When he declares that ‘Every Scripture is inspired of God and profitable,’ does he include his own writings? Or does he not include his dictum, ‘I say, and not the Lord,’ and ‘So I ordain in all the churches,’ and ‘What things I suffered at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra,’ and similar things which he writes in virtue of his own authority, and which do not quite possess the character of words flowing from divine inspiration." Commentary on John book 1 ch.5 p.299

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) (implied) "Of this same thing, in the Acts of the Apostles, Paul says: 'It was necessary that the word of God should first be shown to you; but since ye put it from you, and judged yourselves unworthy of eternal life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles: for thus said the Lord by the Scriptures, Behold, I have set Thee a light among the nations, that Thou shouldest be for salvation even to the ends of the earth.'" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 part 1 ch.21 p.514

Gregory Thaumaturgus (240-265 A.D.) (partial) says He [the Holy Spirit] inspired the prophets. Oration and Panegyric to Origen argument 15 p.36

Alexander of Lycopolis (301 A.D.) (implied) "These men, taking to themselves the Old and New Scriptures, though they lay it down that these are divinely inspired, draw their own opinions from thence; and then only think they are refuted, when it happens that anything not in accordance with these is said or done by them." Of the Manichaeans ch.5 p.243

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) "For although the sacred and inspired Scriptures are sufficient to declare the truth,—while there are other works of our blessed teachers compiled for this purpose, if he meet with which a man will gain some knowledge of the interpretation of the Scriptures, and be able to learn what he wishes to know,—still, as we have not at present in our hands the compositions of our teachers, we must communicate in writing to you what we learned from them,—the faith, namely, of Christ the Saviour; lest any should hold cheap the doctrine taught among us, or think faith in Christ unreasonable." Athanasius Against the Heathen part 1 ch.1.3 p.4

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) says that scripture is inspired. Preparation for the Gospel book 8 ch.22 p.28

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) (partial) "rule of ministry prescribed to him" 1 Clement ch.41 (vol.1) p.16

Apollonius of Ephesus (c.210 A.D.) (Implied) "Do you not think that all Scripture forbids a prophet to receive gifts and money?"

Caius (190-217 A.D.) ch.3 (implied) "The sacred Scriptures they have boldly falsified, and the canons of the ancient faith they have rejected, and Christ they have ignored, not inquiring what the sacred Scriptures say, but laboriously seeking to discover what form of syllogism might be contrived to establish their impiety. And should any one lay before them a word of divine Scripture, they examine whether it will make a connected or disjoined form of syllogism; and leaving the Holy Scriptures of God, they study geometry, as men who are of the earth, and speak of the earth, and are ignorant of Him who cometh from above."

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) "And those destitute of prudence, that is, those involved in heresies, 'I enjoin,' remarks Wisdom, saying, 'Touch sweetly stolen bread and the sweet water of theft;' the Scripture manifestly applying the terms bread and water to nothing else but to those heresies, which employ bread and water in the oblation, not according to the canon of the Church." Stromata book 1 ch.19 p.322

Clement of Alexandria (193/217/220 A.D.) "'And what ye hear in the ear '-that is, in a hidden manner, and in a mystery (for such things are figuratively said to be spoken in the ear)-'proclaim,' He says, 'on the housetops,' understanding them sublimely, and delivering them in a lofty strain, and according to the canon of the truth explaining the Scriptures; for neither prophecy nor the Saviour Himself announced the divine mysteries simply so as to be easily apprehended by all and sundry, but express them in parables." Stromata book 6 ch.15 p.509

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) "But I would yield my ground to you, if the scripture of' the Shepherd,' which is the only one which favours adulterers, had deserved to find a place in the Divine canon; if it had not been habitually judged by every council of Churches (even of your own) among apocryphal and false (writings); itself adulterous, and hence a patroness of its comrades; from which in other respects, too, you derive initiation; to which, perchance, that' Shepherd,' will play the patron whom you depict upon your (sacramental) chalice, (depict, I say, as) himself withal a prostitutor of the Christian sacrament, (and hence) worthily both the idol of drunkenness, and the prize of adultery by which the chalice will quickly be followed, (a chalice) from which you sip nothing more readily than (the flavour of) the 'ewe' of (your) second repentance!" On Modesty ch.10 p.85

Tertullian (213-217 A.D.) "After the ancient examples of the patriarchs, let us equally pass on to the ancient documents of the legal Scriptures, that we may treat in order of all our canon. And since there are some who sometimes assert that they have nothing to do with the law (which Christ has not dissolved, but fulfilled), sometimes catch at such parts of the law as they choose; plainly do we too assert that the law has deceased in this sense, that its burdens-according to the sentence of the apostles-which not even the fathers were able to sustain, have wholly ceased: such (parts), however. as relate to righteousness not only permanently remain reserved, but even amplified; in order, to be sure, that our righteousness may be able to redound above the righteousness of the scribes and of the Pharisees." On Monogamy ch.7 p.63

Tertullian (c.202 A.D.) "I am aware that the Scripture of Enoch, which has assigned this order (of action) to angels, is not received by some, because it is not admitted into the Jewish canon either." On the Apparel of Women part 1 ch.3 p.15

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) says, "For the Holy Spirit sometimes brought about that something, which was the type of the future, should be done clearly; sometimes He uttered words about what was to take place, as if it was then taking place, or had taken place." He gives examples from Isaiah 53. Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.114 p.256

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) says that Scripture sometimes uses metaphors, as in Psalm 8:3. Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.114 p.256

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) "For the Lord was a lamb, like the ram which Abraham saw caught in the bush Sabec. But this bush represented the cross, and that place Jerusalem, and the lamb the Lord bound for slaughter. … For as a ram was He bound, says he concerning our Lord Jesus Christ, and as a lamb was He shorn, and as a sheep was He led to the slaughter, and as a lamb was He crucified; and He carried the cross on His shoulders when He was led up to the hill to be slain, as was Isaac by his father. But Christ suffered, and Isaac did not suffer: for he was but a type of Him who should suffer. Yet, even when serving only for a type of Christ, he smote men with astonishment and fear." Catena on Genesis p.759

Hippolytus of Portus (222-234/5 A.D.) "That it is in reality out of the tribe of Dan, then, that that tyrant and king, that dread judge, that son of the devil, is destined to spring and arise, the prophet testifies when he says, ‘Dan shall judge his people, as (he is) also one tribe in Israel.’ But some one may say that this refers to Samson, who sprang from the tribe of Dan, and judged the people twenty years. Well, the prophecy had its partial fulfilment in Samson, but its complete fulfilment is reserved for Antichrist." Treatise on Christ and Antichrist ch.15 p.207

Theodotus the probable Montanist (c.240 A.D.) "Our Pantenaus used to say, that prophecy utters its expressions indefinitely for the most part, and uses the present for the future, and again the present for the past. Which is also seen here. For ‘He hath set’ is put both for the past and the future. For the future, because, on the completion of this period, which is to run according to its present constitution, the Lord will come to restore the righteous, the faithful, in whom He rests, as in a tent, to one and the same unit; for all are one body, of the same race, and have chosen the fame faith and righteousness." Excerpts of Theodotus ch.55 p.49

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) "Therefore it behooves us diligently, and with the utmost care, to follow the prophetic announcement, and to understand what the Spirit from the Father both announces and anticipates, and how, when He has gone forward to the last times, He again repeats the former ones. And now, what He will do once for all, He sometimes sets forth as if it were done; and unless you understand this, as sometimes done, and sometimes as about to be done, you will fall into a great confusion. Therefore the interpretation of the following sayings has shown therein, that not the order of the reading, but the order of the discourse, must be understood." Commentary on the Apocalypse from the Eleventh Chapter ch.8 p.355

p45 Chester Beatty I – 833 verses (4 gospels plus Acts) (200-225 A.D.) Mark 12:24

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.6 p.140 (implied) "What, then, says Knowledge? Learn: ‘Trust,’ she says, ‘in Him who is to be manifested to you in the flesh-that is, Jesus.’ For man is earth in a suffering state, for the formation of Adam was from the face of the earth. What, then, meaneth this: ‘into the good land, a land flowing with milk and honey?’ Blessed be our Lord, who has placed in us wisdom and understanding of secret things. For the prophet says, ‘Who shall understand the parable of the Lord, except him who is wise and prudent, and who loves his Lord?’"

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "Then I said again, ‘Would you suppose, sirs, that we could ever have understood these matters in the Scriptures, if we had not received grace to discern by the will of Him whose pleasure it was?’" Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.119 p.258

Irenaeus of Lyons (c.160-202 A.D.) quotes Isaiah 7:9: "for Isaiah says: ‘If ye believe not, enither shall ye understand.’" Proof of Apostolic Preaching ch.3.

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "and therefore it was said to the Hebrews, ‘If ye believe not, neither shall you understand;’ that is, unless you believe what is prophesied in the law, and oracularly delivered by the law, you will not understand the Old Testament, which He by His coming expounded." Stromata book 4 ch.21 p.434

Origen (240-254 A.D.) (implied) "and as now we must by means of sound reasoning refute the fallacies of Celsus, who neither understands the meaning of our Scripture, nor has the capacity of judging that the meaning of our wise men is not to be determined by those individuals who make no profession of anything more than of a (simple) faith in the Christian system, let us show that men, not to be lightly esteemed on account of their reasoning powers and dialectic subtleties, have given expression to very absurd opinions." Origen Against Celsus book 5 ch.20 p.552

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "In Isaiah: ‘And if ye will not believe, neither will ye understand.’" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 first book ch.5 p.509

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "‘You know,’ said I, ‘that what the prophets said and did they veiled by parables and types, as you admitted to us; so that it was not easy for all to understand the most [of what they said], since they concealed the truth by these means, that those who are eager to find out and learn it might do so with much labour.’" Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.90 p.244

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) says in 2 Corinthians, "For unto this day the same veil remains on many in the reading of the Old Testament, not being uncovered by turning to the Lord." Stromata book 4 ch.16 p.427

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) (partial, veiled for all) "For many reasons, then, the Scriptures hide the sense. First, that we may become inquisitive, and be ever on the watch for the discovery of the words of salvation. Then it was not suitable for all to understand, so that they might not receive harm in consequence of taking in another sense the things declared for salvation by the Holy Spirit." Stromata book 6 ch.15 p.509. See also Stromata book 4 ch.16 p.427.

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) (implied) "as I have said, of glory and eloquence alone, if they fell upon anything in the collection of sacred Scriptures which displeased them, in their own peculiar style of research, they perverted it to serve their purpose: for they had no adequate faith in their divinity to keep them from changing them, nor had they any sufficient understanding of them, either, as being still at the time under veil-even obscure to the Jews themselves, whose peculiar possession they seemed to be." Apology ch.47 p.52

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) discusses the face of Moses as a figure of the veil that is on the nation still. Five Books Against Marcion book 5 ch.11 p.453

Origen (235-245 A.D.) mentions the veil when Jews read the Old Testament. Homilies on Jeremiah homily 5 ch.8.3 p.50. See also Homilies on Jeremiah homily 5 ch.7 p.49

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "And we maintain, that ‘when Moses is read, the veil is upon their heart,’ because the meaning of the law of Moses has been concealed from those who have not welcomed the way which is by Jesus Christ." Origen Against Celsus book 5 ch.60 p.569

Origen (239-242 A.D.) mentions the veil when reading Moses. Homilies on Ezekiel homily 13 ch.2.3 p.167

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) quotes as the epistle of Paul to the Corinthians: "and even to this day, if at any time Moses is read, the veil is upon their heart." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 First part Testimonies ch.4 p.509

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) says that for us the veil on Mosaic Law as been removed. Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 7 ch.32.19 p.319

Mani (262-278 A.D.) (partial) said that Moses was from the devil. Disputation with Manes ch.29 p.202

p46 Chester Beatty II – 1,680 verses 70% Paul plus Hebrews (100-150 A.D.) Galatians 4:21-24 "figuratively"

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. Mark 2:22

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "The marriages of Jacob were types of that which Christ was about to accomplish." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.134 p.267. See also ibid ch.113 p.255

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) (implied) "And it was foretold what each should be according to rank and according to fore-knowledge. Jacob served Laban for speckled and many-spotted sheep; and Christ served, even to the slavery of the cross, for the various and many-formed races of mankind, acquiring them by the blood and mystery of the cross. Leah was weak-eyed; for the eyes of your souls are excessively weak. Rachel stole the gods of Laban, and has hid them to this day; and we have lost our paternal and material gods. Jacob was hated for all time by his brother; and we now, and our Lord Himself, are hated by you and by all men, though we are brothers by nature. Jacob was called Israel; and Israel has been demonstrated to be the Christ, who is, and is called, Jesus." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.134 p.267

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "Justin well said: Before the advent of the Lord, Satan never ventured to blaspheme God, inasmuch as he was not yet sure of his own damnation, since that was announced concerning him by the prophets only in parables and allegories." fragment 3 in Irenaeus Against Heresies book 5 ch.26.2 p.555

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) "What is this strange mystery, that Egypt is struck down for destruction and Israel is guarded for salvation? Listen to the meaning of the mystery. Nothing, beloved, is spoken or made without an analogy and a sketch; for everything which is made and spoken has its analogy, what is spoken an analogy, what is made a prototype, so that whatever is made may be perceived through the prototype and whatever is spoken is clarified by the illustration." On Pascha p.46

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "On the fifth day the living creatures which proceed from the waters were produced, through: which also is revealed the manifold wisdom of God in these things; for who could count their multitude and very various kinds? Moreover, the things proceeding from the waters were blessed by God, that this also might be a sign of men’s being destined to receive repentance and remission of sins, through the water and laver of regeneration,-as many as come to the truth, and are born again, and receive blessing from God. But the monsters of the deep and the birds of prey are a similitude of covetous men and transgressors." Theophilus to Autolycus book 2 ch.16 p.101

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "For the prophet neither speaks concerning a day which includes the space of twelve hours, nor of a year the length of which is twelve months. For even they themselves acknowledge that the prophets have very often expressed themselves in parables and allegories, and [are] not [to be understood] according to the mere sound of the words." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 2 ch.22.1 p.390

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) discusses how it is congruous that earthly things should be types of the celestial things. Irenaeus Against Heresies book 4 ch.19.1 p.486-487

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) says that in Matthew 23 Jerusalem is interpreted as "a vision of peace". Stromata book 1 ch.4 p.306

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) says that Egypt and Canaan are symbols of the world. Stromata book 2 ch.10 p.358

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) speaks of the symbols of scripture. The Instructor book 2 ch.13 p.266

Clement of Alexandria (c.195 A.D.) some people are figuratively wolves. Exhortation to the Heathen ch.1 p.172

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) in the parable of the prodigal son says the elder brother represented the Jews and the younger borther the Christians. Tertullian on Modesty ch.8 p.81

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) discusses the allegory of Isaac and Ishmael in Galatians "the two narratives of the sons of Abraham had an allegorical meaning in their course;". Five Books Against Marcion book 3 ch.5 p.324. See also Five Books Against Marcion book 4 ch.9 p.357.

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) discusses the allegory in Revelation 12 of the woman, child, and dragon. He says the woman represents the church, and the child represents the message of Christ. Treatise on Christ and Antichrist ch.60-61 p.217

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "There be three things which I cannot understand, and the fourth I know not: the tracks of an eagle flying," i.e., Christ’s ascension; "and the ways of a serpent upon a rock," i.e., that the devil did not find a trace of sin in the body of Christ;" Commentary on Proverbs p.174

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "For as in the ark of Noah the love of God toward man is signified by the dove, so also now the Spirit, descending in the form of a dove, bearing as it were the fruit of the olive, rested on Him to whom the witness was borne." Discourse on the Holy Theophany ch.7 p.236

Theodotus the probable Montanist (ca.240 A.D.) "We must, then, search the Scriptures accurately, since they are admitted to be expressed in parables, and from the names run out the thoughts which the Holy Spirit, propounding respecting things, teaches by imprinting His mind, so to speak, on the expressions" Excepts from Theodotus ch.32 p.47

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "Some students do not take anything at all out of the statement that the Savior is the Word; and it is important for us to assure ourselves that we are not chargeable with caprice in fixing our attention on that notion. If it admits of being taken in a metaphorical sense we ought not to take it literally." Origen’s Comentary on John book 1 ch.24 p.312

Origen (240-254 A.D.) mentions how some things in the Bible, such as Galatians 4:21,22,24 are allegories. Origen Against Celsus book 2 ch.3 p.430

Origen (233/234 A.D.) uses allegory to interpret the Bible. Origen On Prayer ch.16.2 p.61. See also ibid ch.26.4 p.89, 27.9 p.99 and 27.10 p.99.

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) (implied) says that the Old Testament command not to eat camel means that it condemns life crooked with crimes. On the Jewish Meats ch.3 p.647

Treatise Against Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) ch.3 p.658 "That is, that that same Trinity which operated figuratively in Noah's days through the dove, now operates in the Church spiritually through the disciples."

Firmilian (250-251 A.D.) (implied) says that abstaining from strange water (in Proverbs 9:19 LXX) refers to baptism. Epistles of Cyprian Letter 74 ch.23 p.396

Dionysius of Alexandria (246-265 A.D.) over-allegorizes part of the gospel accounts in his Commentary on the Gospel According to Luke ch.44 p.115

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) (implied) "After he had been deprived of his cloak by his brothers, Joseph not only parted with his tunic (in harmony with what is written it the Gospel), but also provided corn, and, in time of famine, food and a very large sum of money." Dialogue on the True Faith first part ch.e18 p.61.

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) (implied) "On the fourth day He made two lights in the heaven, the greater and the lesser, that the one might rule over the day, the other over the night," - the lights of the sun and moon and He placed the rest of the stars in heaven, that they might shine upon the earth, and by their positions distinguish the seasons, and years, and months, and days, and hours. Now is manifested the reason of the truth why the fourth day is called the Tetras, why we fast even to the ninth hour, or even to the evening, or why there should be a passing over even to the next day. Therefore this world of ours is composed of four elements-fire, water, heaven, earth. These four elements, therefore, form the quaternion of times or seasons. The sun, also, and the moon constitute throughout the space of the year four seasons-of spring, summer, autumn, winter; and these seasons make a quaternion. And to proceed further still from that principle, lo, there are four living creatures before God’s throne, four Gospels, four rivers flowing in paradise; four generations of people from Adam to Noah, from Noah to Abraham, from Abraham to Moses, from Moses to Christ the Lord, the Son of God; and four living creatures, viz., a man, a calf, a lion, an eagle; and four rivers, the Pison, the Gihon. the Tigris, and the Euphrates. The man Christ Jesus, the originator of these things whereof we have above spoken, was taken prisoner by wicked hands, by a quaternion of soldiers. Therefore on account of His captivity by a quaternion, on account of the majesty of His works,-that the seasons also, wholesome to humanity, joyful for the harvests, tranquil for the tempests, may roll on,-therefore we make the fourth day a station or a supernumerary fast. Victorinus On the Creation of the World p.341

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) discusses how Eve being "bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh" is an allegory of the Lord and His church. Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 3 ch.1 p.316-317. See also Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 9 ch.1 p.345 for a discussion of the Passover and Christ.

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) says the Passover lamb "was an image of things to come. For Christ was the white lamb without spot" and mentions the slaying of the Passover lamb is a figure of the passion. The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.26 p.129.

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) says that some of the things Moses built were allegories with the true meaning fulfilled in Christ. Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 1 ch.3 p.85

Mani (262-278 A.D.) said that a parable had a figure of souls. Disputation with Manes ch.25 p.198

m Marcionite heretic Megethius (c.300 A.D.) a self-labeled follower of Marcion, in his debate with Adamantius first says that scripture should be understood in a literal, not spiritual sense. Then he says it should be in a spiritual sense. Dialogue on the True Faith first part ch.7 p.44, then ch.7 p.45

The Ebionite Clementine Homilies (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) homily 2 ch.16 p.231 says that Noah’s raven and dove symbolized two forms of spirits.

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "Judah is a lion’s whelp; from the germ, my son, thou art sprung up. Reclining, he lay down like a lion, and like [a lion’s] whelp: who shall raise him up? A ruler shall not depart from Judah, or a leader from his thighs, until that which is laid up in store for him shall come; and he shall be the desire of nations, binding his foal to the vine, and the foal of his ass to the tendril of the vine." Dialogue with Trypho the Jew ch.52 p.221

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "Or He meant the devil by the lion roaring against Him: whom Moses calls the serpent, but in Job and Zechariah he is called the devil, and by Jesus is addressed as Satan, showing that a compounded name was acquired by him from the deeds which he performed." Dialogue with Trypho the Jew ch.103 p.251

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "They opened their mouth upon me like a roaring lion,’ designates him who was then king of the Jew, and was called Herod, a successor of the Herod who, when Christ was born, slew all the infants in Bethlehem born about the same sime," Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.103 p.250-251

Hippolytus (222-235/236 A.D.) "Now, as our Lord Jesus Christ, who is also God, was prophesied of under the figure of a lion, on account of His royalty and glory, in the same way have the Scriptures also aforetime spoken of Antichrist as a lion, on account of his tyranny and violence." Treatise on Christ and Antichrist ch.6 p.206

Origen (239-242 A.D.) says the lion is both good and bad in scripture. Homilies on Ezekiel homily 11 ch.3.2 p.141 and 12.4.1 p.152

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "and that He Himself [Christ] is the Lion of the tribe of Judah, and should couch sleeping in His passion, and should rise up, and should Himself be the hope of the Gentiles." Epistles of Cyprian Letter 62 ch.6 p.360

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258) "And one of the elders said unto me, Weep not; behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose its seven seals." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 second book ch.11 p.520.

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Apostle Peter, in his epistle, forewarns and teaches, saying, ‘Be sober, and watch; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, goeth about seeking any one to devour.’ [1 Peter 5:8]" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 10 ch.1 p.491

2 Peter 3:16

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "Now, if you know certain amongst us to be of this sort, do not for their sakes blaspheme the Scriptures and Christ, and do not assiduously strive to give falsified interpretations." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.82 p.240

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "Then, again, collecting a set of expressions and names scattered here and there [in Scripture], they twist them, as we have already said, from a natural to a non-natural sense. In so doing, they act like those who bring forward any kind of hypothesis they fancy, and then endeavour to support them out of the poems of Homer, so that the ignorant imagine that Homer actually composed the verses bearing upon that hypothesis, which has, in fact, been but newly constructed; and many others are led so far by the regularly-formed sequence of the verses, as to doubt whether Homer may not have composed them." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 1 ch.9.4 p.330

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "In this strain also the Apostle Paul, inasmuch as he had a good conscience, said to the Corinthians: ‘For we are not as many, who corrupt the Word of God: but as of sincerity, but as of God, in the sight of God speak we in Christ;’" Irenaeus Against Heresies book 4 ch.26.4 p.498

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) mentions that two Jewish proselytues, Theodotion (about 129 A.D.) and Aquila of Pontus (181 A.D.) wrote Greek translations of the Old Testament where in Isaiah 7:14 they translated "Behold, a young woman shall conceive…" Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.21.1 p.451

Caius (190-217 A.D.) "The sacred Scriptures they have boldly falsified, and the canons of the ancient faith they have rejected, and Christ they have ignored, not inquiring what the sacred Scriptures say, but laboriously seeking to discover what form of syllogism might be contrived to establish their impiety. And should any one lay before them a word of divine Scripture, they examine whether it will make a connected or disjoined form of syllogism;" ch.3 p.602

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "And if those also who follow heresies venture to avail themselves of the prophetic Scriptures; in the first place they will not make use of all the Scriptures, and then they will not quote them entire, nor as the body and texture of prophecy prescribe. But, selecting ambiguous expressions, they wrest them to their own opinions, gathering a few expressions here and there; not looking to the sense, but making use of the mere words. For in almost all the quotations they make, you will find that they attend to the names alone, while they alter the meanings; neither knowing, as they affirm, nor using the quotations they adduce, according to their true nature." Stromata book 7 ch.16 p.551

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "Then, again, questions very often are suggested by occasional and isolated terms, just as much as they are by connected sentences. Thus, because of the apostle’s expression, ‘that mortality may be swallowed up of life’ -in reference to the flesh-they wrest the word swallowed up into the sense of the actual destruction of the flesh; as if we might not speak of ourselves as swallowing bile, or swallowing grief, meaning that we conceal and hide it, and keep it within ourselves." On the Resurrection of the Flesh ch.54 p.587-588

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "Now this heresy of yours does not receive certain Scriptures; and whichever of them it does receive, it perverts by means of additions and diminutions, for the accomplishment of it own purpose; and such as it does receive, it receives not in their entirety; but even when it does receive any up to a certain point as entire, it nevertheless perverts even these by the contrivance of diverse interpretations. Truth is just as much opposed by an adulteration of its meaning as it is by a corruption of its text. Their vain presumptions must needs refuse to acknowledge the (writings) whereby they are refuted. They rely on those which they have falsely put together, and which they have selected, because of their ambiguity. Though most skilled in the Scriptures, you will make no progress, when everything which you maintain is denied on the other side, and whatever you deny is (by them) maintained. As for yourself, indeed, you will lose nothing but your breath, and gain nothing but vexation from their blasphemy." On Prescription Against Heretics ch.17 p.251

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) says that unlike some they do not twist scripture. Tertullian on Modesty ch.8 p.82

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "And as it is no ground of accusation against philosophy, that there exist Sophists, or Epicureans, or Peripatetics, or any others, whoever they may be, who hold false opinions; so neither is it against genuine Christianity that there are some who corrupt the Gospel histories, and who introduce heresies opposed to the meaning of the doctrine of Jesus." Origen Against Celsus book 2 ch.27 p.443

Novatian (250-257/258 A.D.) "Whence they who presume Christ the Son of God and man to be only man, and not God also, do so in opposition to both Old and New Testaments, in that they corrupt the authority and the truth both of the Old and New Testaments." Concerning the Trinity ch.17 p.627

Treatise Against Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) ch.2 p.658 "Hear, therefore, O Novatians, among whom the heavenly Scriptures are read rather than understood; well, if they are not interpolated. For your ears are closed, and your hearts darkened, seeing that ye admit no light from spiritual and saving warnings; as Isaiah says, ‘The servants of God are blinded.’ And deservedly blinded, because the desire of schismatics is not in the law;"

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) (partial, he does not mention scripture) "He has invented heresies and schisms, whereby he might subvert the faith, might corrupt the truth, might divide the unity." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 1 ch.3 p.422

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "For men who are incontinent in consequence of the uncontrolled impulses of sensuality in them, dare to force the Scriptures beyond their true meaning, so as to twist into a defence of their incontinence the saying, ‘Increase and multiply;’ and the other, ‘Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother;’ and they are not ashamed to run counter to the Spirit, but, as though born for this purpose, they kindle up the smouldering and lurking passion, fanning and provoking it; and therefore he, cutting off very sharply these dishonest follies and invented excuses, and having arrived at the subject of instructing them how men should behave to their wives, showing that it should be as Christ did to the Church, ‘who gave Himself for it, that He might sanctify and cleanse it by the washing of water by the Word,’" Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 3 ch.10 p.320

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "those who adulterate the truth, who, corrupting the Scriptures by false doctrines, bring forth an imperfect and immature wisdom, mixing their error with piety.’" Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 2 ch.3 p.314

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) says the Jews misinterpreted scriptures about the Messiah. Banquet of the Ten Virgins Discourse 9 ch.1 p.344

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) says some heretics have "laid their hands boldly upon the Divine Scriptures, alleging that they have corrected them." Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 5 ch.8.16 p.248

(Issues of canonicity are not included here)

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) says that the Jews misquoted Psalm 96 because the left out the phrase "from the wood". Actually it is Justin who is mistaken here, and the Hebrew Masoretic text does not have "from the wood". Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.73 p.235

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "My friends, I now refer to the Scriptures as the Seventy have interpreted them; for when I quoted them formerly as you possess them, I made proof of you [to ascertain] how you were disposed." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.87 p.268

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "this interpretation [of the seventy] of these Scriptures was made prior to our Lord’s descent [to earth], and came into being before the Christians appeared-for our Lord was born about the forty-first year of the reign of Augustus; but Ptolemy was much earlier, under whom the Scriptures were interpreted;-[since these things are so, I say, ] truly these men are proved to be impudent and presumptuous, who would now show a desire to make different translations, when we refute them out of these Scriptures, and shut them up to a belief in the advent of the Son of God." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.21.3 p.452

Caius (190-217 A.D.) says that heretics boldly falsified scripture. ch.3 p.602 "But as to those men who abuse the arts of the unbelievers to establish their own heretical doctrine, and by the craft of the impious adulterate the simple faith of the divine Scriptures, what need is there to say that these are not near the faith? For this reason is it they have boldly laid their hands upon the divine Scriptures, alleging that they have corrected them. And that I do not state this against them falsely, any one who pleases may ascertain. For if any one should choose to collect and compare all their copies together, he would find many discrepancies among them. The copies of Asclepiades, at any rate, will be found at variance with those of Theodotus. And many such copies are to be had, because their disciples were very zealous in inserting the corrections, as they call them, i.e., the corruptions made by each of them. And again, the copies of Hermophilus do not agree with these; and as for those of Apollonius, they are not consistent even with themselves. For one may compare those which were formerly prepared by them with those which have been afterwards corrupted with a special object, and many discrepancies will be found. And as to the great audacity implied in this offence, it is not likely that even they themselves can be ignorant of that. For either they do not believe that the divine Scriptures were dictated by the Holy Spirit, and are thus infidels; or they think themselves wiser than the Holy Spirit, and what are they then but demoniacs? Nor can they deny that the crime is theirs, when the copies have been written with their own hand; nor did they receive such copies of the Scriptures from those by whom they were first instructed in the faith, and they cannot produce copies from which these were transcribed. And some of them did not even think it worth while to corrupt them; but simply denying the law and the prophets for the sake of their lawless and impious doctrine, trader pretexts of grace, they sunk down to the lowest abyss of perdition."

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) says that heretics corrupted scripture. On Prescription Against Heretics ch.17 p.251.

Hippolytus of Portus (222-234/245 A.D.) Eusebius’s Ecclesiastical History book 6 ch.22 says that Hippolytus wrote on the Hexaemeron. ANF vol.5 p.163 footnote.

Origen (235-245 A.D.) discusses manuscript variants in Homilies on Jeremiah homily 14 ch.3.1 p.137 and homily 16 ch.10.1. p.177

Origen (235-235 A.D.) discusses a variant in the Septuagint on Jeremiah 16:17. Homilies on Jeremiah homily 16 ch.5.2 p.172

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "as we have been at pains to learn from the Hebrews, comparing our own copies with theirs which have the confirmation of the versions, never subjected to corruption, or Aquila and Theodotion and Symmachus. We add a few instances to encourage students to pay more attention to such points. One of the sons of Levi, the first, is called Geson in most copies, instead of Gerson….. The second son of Juda [Judah], again, has with us the name Annan, but with the Hebrews Onan, ‘their labour.’ Once more, in the departures of the children of Israel in Numbers, we find, ‘They departed from Sochoth and pitched in Buthan’; but the Hebrew, instead of Buthan, reads Aiman. And why should I add more points like these, when any one who desires it can examine into the proper names and find out for himself how they stand? The place-names of Scripture are specially to be suspected where many of them occur in a catalogue, as in the account of the partition of the country in Joshua, and in the first Book of Chronicles from the beginning down to, say, the passage about Dan, and similarly in Ezra." Origen’s Commentary on John book 6 ch.24 p.371

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "In the matter of proper names the Greek copies are often incorrect, and in the Gospels one might be misled by their authority. The transaction about the swine, which were driven down a steep place by the demons and drowned in the sea, is said to have taken place in the country of the Gerasenes. Now, Gerasa is a town of Arabia, and has near it neither sea nor lake. And the Evangelists would not have made a statement so obviously and demonstrably false; for they were men who informed themselves carefully of all matters connected with Judaea. But in a few copies we have found, ‘into the country of the Gadarenes; ‘and, on this reading, it is to be stated that Gadara is a town of Judaea, in the neighbourhood of which are the well-known hot springs, and that there is no lake there with overhanging banks, nor any sea." Commentary on John book 6 ch.24 p.371

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) quotes Esther 4:22 as "in the Esther of the Septuagint" Origen’s Commentary on John book 2 ch.7 p.330.

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) (implied) quotes Matthew 16:20 as "Matthew, then according to some of the manuscripts" Origen’s Commentary on Matthew book 12 ch.15 p.459.

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "Since, then, it is clear, and all testify, that those who are born of adultery do come to perfection, we must not imagine that the Spirit was teaching respecting conceptions and births, but rather perhaps concerning those who adulterate the truth, who, corrupting the Scriptures by false doctrines, bring forth an imperfect and immature wisdom, mixing their error with piety.’" Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 2 ch.3 p.314

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) "But if there should seem to any one to be a disagreement in respect to the name of the king, the time at least and the events show that the same person is meant, whether the change of name has been caused by the error of a copyist, or is due to the fact that he, like so many, bore two names." Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 2 ch.10.8 p.112.

pseudo-Hippolytus (after 235 A.D.) (doubtful authorship) "But again, as we found in the Seventy, and in Theodotion, and in Symmachus, in some psalms, and these not a few, the word diaphalmu inserted, we endeavoured to make out whether those who placed it there meant to mark a change at those places in rhythm or melody, or any alteration in the mode of instruction, or in thought, or in force of language. Commentary on Psalms ch.8 p.201

The Ebionite Epistle of Peter to James (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) ch.5 p.216 says some have corrupted books

The Ebionite Clementine Homilies (-188 A.D. - uncertain date) homily 2 ch.38 vo.8 p.236 says that heretics falsified scripture.

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) has a quote he says is from Jeremiah. Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.72 p.234-235. He says the Jews cut this out of their scriptures. Here is the quote "And from the sayings of Jeremiah they have cut out the following: ‘I [was] like a lamb that is brought to the slaughter: they devised a device against me, saying, Come, let us lay on wood on His bread, and let us blot Him out from the land of the living; and His name shall no more be remembered.’ And since this passage from the sayings of Jeremiah is still written in some copies [of the Scriptures] in the synagogues of the Jews (for it is only a short time since they were cut out), and since from these words it is demonstrated that the Jews deliberated about the Christ Himself, to crucify and put Him to death, He Himself is both declared to be led as a sheep to the slaughter, as was predicted by Isaiah, and is here represented as a harmless lamb; but being in a difficulty about them, they give themselves over to blasphemy. And again, from the sayings of the same Jeremiah these have been cut out: ‘The Lord God remembered His dead people of Israel who lay in the graves; and He descended to preach to them His own salvation.’" "Irenaeus quotes this as from Jeremiah in Irenaeus Against Heresies book 2 ch.22 and as by Isaiah in Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.20.

Dionysius of Corinth (170 A.D.) "It is not wonderful, then, if some have attempted to adulterate the Lord’s writings, when they have formed designs against those which are not such." p.765

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "And there was nothing astonishing in God having done this,-He who, when, during the captivity of the people under Nebuchadnezzar, the Scriptures had been corrupted, and when, after seventy years, the Jews had returned to their own land, then, in the times of Artaxerxes king of the Persians, inspired Esdras the priest, of the tribe of Levi, to recast all the words of the former prophets, and to re-establish with the people the Mosaic legislation." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.21.2 p.451

Caius (190-217 A.D.) says that heretics boldly falsified scripture. ch.3 p.602 "But as to those men who abuse the arts of the unbelievers to establish their own heretical doctrine, and by the craft of the impious adulterate the simple faith of the divine Scriptures, what need is there to say that these are not near the faith? For this reason is it they have boldly laid their hands upon the divine Scriptures, alleging that they have corrected them. And that I do not state this against them falsely, any one who pleases may ascertain. For if any one should choose to collect and compare all their copies together, he would find many discrepancies among them. The copies of Asclepiades, at any rate, will be found at variance with those of Theodotus. And many such copies are to be had, because their disciples were very zealous in inserting the corrections, as they call them, i.e., the corruptions made by each of them. And again, the copies of Hermophilus do not agree with these; and as for those of Apollonius, they are not consistent even with themselves. For one may compare those which were formerly prepared by them with those which have been afterwards corrupted with a special object, and many discrepancies will be found. And as to the great audacity implied in this offence, it is not likely that even they themselves can be ignorant of that. For either they do not believe that the divine Scriptures were dictated by the Holy Spirit, and are thus infidels; or they think themselves wiser than the Holy Spirit, and what are they then but demoniacs? Nor can they deny that the crime is theirs, when the copies have been written with their own hand; nor did they receive such copies of the Scriptures from those by whom they were first instructed in the faith, and they cannot produce copies from which these were transcribed. And some of them did not even think it worth while to corrupt them; but simply denying the law and the prophets for the sake of their lawless and impious doctrine, trader pretexts of grace, they sunk down to the lowest abyss of perdition."

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) (partial, interpret it wrong, but do not change the words) "And if those also who follow heresies venture to avail themselves of the prophetic Scriptures; in the first place they will not make use of all the Scriptures, and then they will not quote them entire, nor as the body and texture of prophecy prescribe. But, selecting ambiguous expressions, they wrest them to their own opinions, gathering a few expressions here and there; not looking to the sense, but making use of the mere words. For in almost all the quotations they make, you will find that they attend to the names alone, while they alter the meanings; neither knowing, as they affirm, nor using the quotations they adduce, according to their true nature.". Stromata book 7 ch.16 p.531

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) says that heretics corrupted scripture. On Prescription Against Heretics ch.17 p.251

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "What Pontic mouse [Marcion] ever had such gnawing powers as he who has gnawed the Gospels to pieces? Verily, O Euxine, thou hast produced a monster more credible to philosophers than to Christians." Five Books Against Marcion book 1 ch.1 p.272

Origen (.225-253/254 A.D.) "Now I know of no others who have altered the Gospel, save the. followers of Marcion, and those of Valentinus, and, I think, also those of Lucian. But such an allegation is no charge against the Christian system, but against those who dared so to trifle with the Gospels. And as it is no ground of accusation against philosophy, that there exist Sophists, or Epicureans, or Peripatetics, or any others, whoever they may be, who hold false opinions; so neither is it against genuine Christianity that there are some who corrupt the Gospel histories, and who introduce heresies opposed to the meaning of the doctrine of Jesus." Origen Against Celsus book 2 ch.27 p.443

Origen (239-242 A.D.) "those who have corrupted the apostolic Scriptures" Homilies on Ezekiel homily 1 ch.7.2 p.37

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) says that Marcion has corrupted scripture. Dialogue on the True Faith second part 829a.12 p.89.

The Ebionite Clementine Homilies (-188 A.D. - uncertain date) homily 2 ch.38 vo.8 p.236 says that heretics falsified scripture.

Revised Valentinian Tripartite Tract (200-250 A.D.) part 2 ch.12 p.91 says some accepted scripture in an altered way.

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "I said also, that those who regulated their lives by the law of Moses would in like manner be saved. For what in the law of Moses is naturally good, and pious, and righteous, and has been prescribed to be done by those who obey it; and what was appointed to be performed by reason of the hardness of the people’s hearts; was similarly recorded, and done also by those who were under the law." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.45 p.217

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "God, being mindful of them, and doing marvellous and strange miracles by the hand of Moses, delivered them, and led them out of Egypt, leading them through what is called the desert; whom He also settled again in the land of Canaan, which afterwards was called Judaea, and gave them a law, and taught them these things. Of this great and wonderful law, which tends to all righteousness, the ten heads are such as we have already rehearsed." Theophilus to Autolycus book 3 ch.9 p.114

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) (partial) "to do it,-some do justly receive praise even among men who are under the control of good laws (and much more from God), and obtain deserved testimony of their choice of good in general, and of persevering therein; but the others are blamed, and receive a just condemnation, because of their rejection of what is fair and good." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 4 ch.37.2 p.519

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "‘And we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully.’ ‘Desiring to be teachers of the law, they understand,’ says the apostle, ‘neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm.’" Stromata book 1 ch.27 p.340

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) (partial) the law came from God. Stromata book 2 ch.7 p.354

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) says that the law was good. The Instructor book 1 ch.8 p.228

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) says the law was unblameable. Tertullian on Modesty ch.6 p.76

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "However, by the support which he gave to the law, he affirmed that the law was good. For no one permits himself in the support of an evil thing." Five Books Against Marcion book 4 ch.9 p.357

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "Paul in like manner, when he wishes to disparage the law taken literally, says, ‘If the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance, which glory was to be done away; how shall not the ministration of the Spirit be rather glorious?’ But when in another place he wishes to praise and recommend the law, he calls it ‘spiritual,’ and says, ‘We know that the law is spiritual;’ and, ‘Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good.’" Origen Against Celsus book 7 ch.20 p.619

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) "Then too that the law was given to the children of Israel for this purpose, that they might profit by it, and return to those virtuous manners which, although they had received them from their fathers," On Jewish Meats ch.3 p.647

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) "Yes, and it is clear and indisputable that he [the apostle] knew the law and its ordinances, for he says, ‘Therefore the Law indeed is holy; and the commandment holy, just and good." (Adamantius is speaking) Dialogue on the True Faith Second part ch.20 p.105

The Ebionite Epistle of Peter to James (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) ch.1 p.215 (implied) "For his countrymen keep the same rule of monarchy and polity everywhere, being unable in any way to think otherwise, or to be led out of the way of the much-indicating Scriptures. For, according to the rule delivered to them, they endeavour to correct the discordances of the Scriptures, if any one, haply not knowing the traditions, is confounded at the various utterances of the prophets. Wherefore they charge no one to teach, unless he has first learned how the Scriptures must be used. And thus they have amongst them one God, one law, one hope."

Irenaeus (182-188 A.D.) "For as the law was spiritual, it merely made sin to stand out in relief, but did not destroy it. For sin had no dominion over the spirit, but over man." Ireneaus Against Heresies book 3 ch.18.7 p.448

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "since, in truth, the law is spiritual and leads to felicity." Stromata book 1 ch.26 p.339

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "It was not in severity that its Author promulgated this law, but in the interest of the highest benevolence, which rather aimed at subduing the nation's hardness of heart, and by laborious services hewing out a fealty which was (as yet) untried in obedience: for I purposely abstain from touching on the mysterious senses of the law, considered in its spiritual and prophetic relation, and as abounding in types of almost every variety and sort." Five Books Against Marcion book 2 ch.19 p.312

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "Paul in like manner, when he wishes to disparage the law taken literally, says, ‘If the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance, which glory was to be done away; how shall not the ministration of the Spirit be rather glorious?’ But when in another place he wishes to praise and recommend the law, he calls it ‘spiritual,’ and says, ‘We know that the law is spiritual;’ and, ‘Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good.’" Origen Against Celsus book 7 ch.20 p.619

Origen (233/234 A.D.) "For in ourselves also we are to strive, hearing the spiritual law with spiritual ears, that barrenness or sterility may not arise, but that we may like Hannah and Hezekiah be heard, being freed from barrenness or sterility, and like Mordecai and Esther and Judith be delivered from plotting enemies-in our case the spiritual powers of evil." Origen on Prayer ch.13.2 p.49

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) "we who say that the law is spiritual do not include within these lineaments of our bodily nature any mode or figure of the divine majesty, but diffuse that" Treatise Concerning the Trinity ch.6 p.616

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) (implied) "Presently, therefore, Moses prophetically, giving place to the perfect Instructor the Word, predicts both the name and the office of Instructor, and committing to the people the commands of obedience, sets before them the Instructor. ‘A prophet,’ says he, ‘like Me shall God raise up to you of your brethren,’ pointing out Jesus the Son of God, by an allusion to Jesus the son of Nun; for the name of Jesus predicted in the law was a shadow of Christ." The Instructor book 1 ch.7 p.224

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "The shadow, therefore, is His to whom belongs the body also; in other words, the law is His, and so is Christ. If you separate the law and Christ, assigning one to one god and the other to another, it is the same as if you were to attempt to separate the shadow from the body of which it is the shadow. Manifestly Christ has relation to the law, if the body has to its shadow." Five Books Against Marcion book 5 ch.19 p.471-472

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "which things those of old worshipped the type and the shadow, and what things were real of the things narrated in the histories which ‘happened to them in the way of type,’ but these things ‘were written for our sakes, upon whom the ends of the ages have come.’ With whomsoever, then, Christ has sojourned, he worships God neither at Jerusalem nor on the mountain of the Samaritans; he knows that God is a spirit, and worships Him spiritually, in spirit and in truth; no longer by type does he worship the Father and Maker of all." Origen’s Commentary on John book 1 ch.8 p.301

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "‘For our Passover also was sacrificed for us, namely, Christ; ‘he does not say, ‘The Passover of the Lord was sacrificed, even Christ.’ To this we must say, either that the Apostle simply calls the passover our passover because it was sacrificed for us, or that every sacrifice which is really the Lord’s, and the passover is one of these, awaits its consummation not in this age nor upon earth, but in the coming age and in heaven when the kingdom of heaven appears. As for those feasts, one of the twelve prophets says, ‘What will ye do in the days of assembly, and in the days of the feast of the Lord? ‘But Paul says in the Epistle to the Hebrews: ‘But ye are come unto Mount Zion, and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to ten thousands of angels, the assembly and church of the firstborn, who are written in heaven.’ And in the Epistle to the Colossians: ‘Let no one judge you in meat and in drink, or in respect of a feast-day or a new moon, or a sabbath-day; which are a shadow of the things to come." ‘Origen’s Commentary on John book 10 ch.11 p.388

Origen (243/243 A.D.) "If the Law has a shadow of the things to come, it must be that many Sabbaths are the "shadow" of a great many days, and the new moon will be realized at definite intervals of time." Origen On Prayer ch.27.14 p.103

Origen (230-235 A.D.) (partial) "2. Perhaps something of this kind is shadowed forth in what is written in Exodus from the mouth of God, that the children of Israel were commanded to ask..." Letter from Origen to Gregory ch.2 p.393

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) (implied) "For this Jesus Christ, I will once more say, the Son of this God, we read of as having been promised in the Old Testament, and we observe to be manifested in the New, fulfilling the shadows and figures of all the sacraments, with the presence of the truth embodied. For as well the ancient prophecies as the Gospels testify Him to be the son of Abraham and the son of David." Concerning the Trinity ch.9 p.618

Cyprian of Carthage (c.253-258 A.D.) "For in respect of the observance of the eighth day in the Jewish circumcision of the flesh, a sacrament was given beforehand in shadow and in usage; but when Christ came, it was fulfilled in truth. For because the eighth day, that is, the first day after the Sabbath, was to be that on which the Lord should rise again, and should quicken us, and give us circumcision of the spirit, the eighth day, that is, the first day after the Sabbath, and the Lord’s day, went before in the figure; which figure ceased when by and by the truth came, and spiritual circumcision was given to us." Epistles of Cyprian letter 58 ch.4 p.354

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) says that the law was a foreshadowing or type of the gospel. Dialogue on the True Faith 2nd part ch.c18 p.98. See also the first part ch.5 p.153

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "And let these things be said for the sake of example, showing that the Jews have wonderfully fallen from the hope of future good, because they consider things present to be only signs of things already accomplished; whilst they do not perceive that the figures represent images, and images are the representatives of truth. For the law is indeed the figure and the shadow of an image, that is, of the Gospel; but the image, namely, the Gospel, is the representative of truth itself. For the men of olden time and the law foretold to us the characteristics of the Church, and the Church represents those of the new dispensation which is to come. Whence we, having received Christ, saying, ‘I am the truth,’ know that shadows and figures have ceased; and we hasten on to the truth, proclaiming its glorious images." Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 9 ch.2 p.345

pseudo-Methodius (after 312 A.D.) "that I might be taught, by the types and figures which went before, to approach with reverence and trembling to do honour to the sacred mystery which is connected with thee; and that by means of this prior shadow-painting of the law I might be restrained from boldly and irreverently contemplating with fixed gaze Him who, in His incomprehensibility, is seated far above all." Oration Concerning Simeon and Anna ch.5 p.386

Mark 7:19; (implied) Colossians 2:16; (implied) Hebrews 10:18

Romans 10:4; Galatians 3:25; Romans 8:1-4

p46 Chester Beatty II – 1,680 verses 70% Paul plus Hebrews (100-150 A.D.) (implied) Hebrews 10:18

p13 Hebrews 2:14-5:5; 10:8-22; 10:29-11:13; 11:28-12:17 (225-250 A.D.) Hebrews 10:18 says that Jesus abolished the Old Testament sacrifices

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. Mark 7:19

Vaticanus (B) Most of the Old Testament and all of New Testament up to Hebrews 9:15 (325-350 A.D.) Mark 7:19

Sinaiticus (Aleph) Almost all of the New Testament and half of the Old Testament. (340-350 A.D.) Mark 7:19

Alexandrinus (c.450 A.D.) All of the Old Testament except Genesis 14:14-17; 15:1-5, 16-19; 16:6-9; 1 Samuel 12:17-14:9; Psalm 19:20-79:11. All of the New Testament except Matthew 1:1-25:6, John 6:50-8:52; Romans 16:24; and 2 Corinthians 4:13-12:6.

Ignatius (-107/116 A.D.) If we still live according to the old Jewish law, we have not received grace. Ignatius’ Letter to the Magnesians ch.8 p.62

Letter of Ignatius to the Philadelphians ch.6 p.82 (-107/116 A.D.) "But if any one preach the Jewish law unto you, listen not to him…. they are in my judgment but as monuments and sepulchers of the dead, upon which are written only the names of men."

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) says that the circumcision the Jews trusted in is abolished. ch.8 p.142

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) mentions how God promised a New Covenant, and that the Jews could not keep the Old Covenant. Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.67 p.232.

Epistle to Diognetus (c.130-200 A.D.) ch.4 p.26 mentions how we are not to follow Jewish meats, the Sabbaths, circumcision, new moons, etc.

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) explains how the law was for sevants in bondage, not the children. Irenaeus Against Heresies book 4 ch.13.4-5 p.477-478

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) discusses Peter’s vision in Acts 10:10-15 and says "The use of them is accordingly indifferent to us. ‘For not what entereth into the mouth defileth the man,’ but the vain opinion respecting uncleanness. For God, when He created man, said, ‘All things shall be to you for meat.’" The Instructor book 2 ch.1 p.241

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "I regret still to have to contend about the law – after I have so often proved that its replacement (by the gospel) affords no argument for another god, predicted as it was indeed in Christ, and in the Creator’s own plans ordained for His Christ.) Five Books Against Marcion book 5 ch.13 p.437

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) says that faith free in Christ permits eating the meats of the Jewish Law. On Fasting ch.2 vol.4 p.103

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) said that the law could not have been fulfilled or abrogated by Christ unless it was first given by the God who sent Christ. Five Books Against Marcion book 5 ch.4 p.437

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) (partial) Jesus is the fulfiller of the law. The Discourse on the Holy Theophany ch.5 p.236

Origen (225-253/254 A.D.) discusses how the Old Testament dietary laws are not applicable to those under the gospel. Origen’s Commentary on Matthew book 11 ch.12 p.440-441

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) discusses how it is fine to eat all the prohibited meats. On the Jewish Meats 2-3 p.646-647

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) says "That the former law, which was given by Moses, was about to cease. That a new law was to be given." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 book 1 Heads p.508

Gregory Thaumaturgus (240-265 A.D.) taught that all meat was OK to eat. Canonical Epistle 1 p.18

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) discusses how God Himself had formerly commanded Moses about circumcision and the Sabbath, but we now follow Christ, and do not want to appear to observe any Sabbath with the Jews. On the Creation of the World p.340-341

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) discusses the laws against eating pork, and says the Christ fulfilled these things. The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.17-18 p.119.

Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History (318-325 A.D.) book 1 ch.4 p.87 says that we do not need to celebrate the Sabbath as the Hebrews do.

X The Ebionite Epistle of Peter to James (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) ch.2 p.215 emphasizes that not one jot or tittle of the law would pass away.

Ebionites said that Jesus came to abolish Old Testament sacrifices.

Mani (262-278 A.D.) (partial) says that Moses was from the devil and the law was destroyed and abandoned. Disputation with Manes ch.14 p.188

Marcionite heretic Megethius (c.300 A.D.) (*) a self-labeled follower of Marcion, in his debate with Adamantius says that the gospel opposed the law. Dialogue on the True Faith first part ch.810a-9 p.49

Luke 24:44; John 19:24

"fulfilling" a passage is not included here. It has to have the word "scripture" as well as fulfilled.

Fulfilling or obeying a command is not counted here.

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "And as this [the triumphal entry] was done by Him in the manner in which it was prophesied in precise terms that it would be done by the Christ, and as the fulfilment was recognised, it became a clear proof that He was the Christ. And though all this happened and is proved from Scripture, you are still hard-hearted." Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew ch.53 p.221-222

Tatian’s Diatessaron (c.172 A.D.) section 51.28-29 p.122 "Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: and the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, They divided my garments among them, And cast the lot for my vesture." (quoted of John 19:24)

Letter of Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (177 A.D.) p.783 "For they felt no shame that they had been overcome, for they were not possessed of human reason; but their defeat only the more inflamed their rage, and governor and people, like a wild beast, showed a like unjust hatred of us, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, `He that is unjust, let him be unjust still; and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still.’"

Hegesippus (177-180 A.D.) "Thus they fulfilled the Scripture written in Isaiah: ‘Let us away with the just man, because he is troublesome to us: therefore shall they eat the fruit of their doings.’" p.763

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "[Philip declared] that this was Jesus, and that the Scripture was fulfilled in Him; as did also the believing eunuch himself: and, immediately requesting to be baptized, he said, ‘I believe Jesus Christ to be the Son of God.’" Irenaeus against Heresies book 3 ch.12.8 p.433. See also book 3 ch.12.1 p.429

Clement of Alexandria (c.195 A.D.) "I could adduce ten thousand Scriptures of which not ‘one tittle shall pass away,’ without being fulfilled; for the mouth of the Lord the Holy Spirit hath spoken these things." Exhortation to the Heathen ch.9 p.195

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "Now, although Zacchaeus was probably a Gentile, he yet from his intercourse with Jews had obtained a smattering of their Scriptures, and, more than this, had, without knowing it, fulfilled the precepts of Isaiah: ‘Deal thy bread,’ said the prophet, ‘to the hungry, and bring the poor that are cast out into thine house.’" Five Books Against Marcion book 4 ch.37.1 p.412

Hippolytus (222-235/236 A.D.) "This has been fulfilled. For after Cyrus arose Darius, and then Artaxerxes. These were the three kings; (and) the Scripture is fulfilled." Visions of Daniel and Nebuchadnezzar ch.30 p.183

Origen (225-253/254 A.D.) "‘But how then should the Scriptures be fulfilled, that thus it must be?’ And if any one imagines these statements to be inventions of the writers of the Gospels, why should not those statements rather be regarded as inventions which proceeded from a spirit of hatred and hostility against Jesus and the Christians?" Origen Against Celsus book 2 ch.10 p.434-435

Novatian (250/254-256/7 A.D.) "But of this I remind you, that Christ was not to be expected in the Gospel in any other wise than as He was promised before by the Creator, in the Scriptures of the Old Testament; especially as the things that were predicted of Him were fulfilled, and those things that were fulfilled had been predicted." Concerning the Trinity ch.10 p.619

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "I [the Lord] spake unto you while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled which are written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning me." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 part 1 ch.4 p.509

Roman Clergy to Cyprian (c.246-258 A.D.) "and then also the Lord Himself, fulfilling what had been written in the law and the prophets, teaches, saying, 'I am the good Shepherd, who lay down my life for the sheep." Epistles of Cyprian Letter 2 ch.1 p.280

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) "And when these things were doing, he says that all the elders fell down and adored the Lord; while the living creatures-that is, of course, the actions recorded in the Gospels and the teaching of the Lord-gave Him glory and honour. In that they had fulfilled the word that had been previously foretold by them, they worthily and with reason exult, feeling that they have ministered the mysteries and the word of the Lord." Commentary on the Apocalypse from the fourth chapter verse 5 p.349

Lactantius (c.303-320./325 A.D.) "Above all things, he who desires to comprehend the truth ought not only to apply his mind to understand the utterances of the prophets, but also most diligently to inquire into the times during which each one of them existed, that he may know what future events they predicted, and after how many years their predictions were fulfilled." The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.5 p.104

Lactantius (.303-320/325 A.D.) "On this account He sent the prophets beforehand to announce His coming, that when the things which had been foretold were fulfilled in Him, then He might be believed by men to be both the Son of God and God." Epitome of the Divine Institutes ch.49 p.242

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) (partial) says that some of the things Moses built were allegories with the true meaning fulfilled in Christ. Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 1 ch.3 p.85

Matthew 11:13; Luke 16:16

p75 Luke 3:18-22; 3:33-4:2; 4:34-5:10; 5:37-6:4; 6:10-7:32; 7:35-39,41-43; 7:46-9:2; 9:4-17:15; 17:19-18:18; 22:4-24,53; John 1:1-11:45; 48-57; 12:3-13:1,8-9; 14:8-29;15:7-8; (175-225 A.D.) Luke 16:16

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. Matthew 11:13

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "so that you then had one who presented offerings according to the law of Moses, and observed the other legal ceremonies; also [you had] prophets in succession until John," Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.52 p.221

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "Since, then, the law originated with Moses, it terminated with John as a necessary consequence. Christ had come to fulfil it: wherefore ‘the law and the prophets were’ with them ‘until John.’" Irenaeus Against Heresies book 4 ch.4.2 p.466

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) says the law and the prophets were until John. Stromata book 5 ch.8 p.457

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) "And justly does the evangelist write, ‘The law and the prophets (were) until John the Baptist." Answer to the Jews ch.8 p.160

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) says that the law and the prophets ended with John. Tertullian on Modesty ch.8 p.82

Julius Africanus (235-245 A.D.) discusses the seventy weeks of Daniel and that prophecy was until John [the Baptist]. Five Books of the Chronology of Julius Africanus ch.16.1 p.134.

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "If the law and the prophets were until John,…" Commentary on John book 6 no.8 p.358

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "All the prophets and the law prophesied until John." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 Part 1 ch.9 p.510

Acts 17:3 [Paul was] "explaining and proving that the Christ had to suffer and rise from the dead."

Acts 26:22b-23 "I [Paul] am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would happen – that the Christ would suffer and, as the first to rise from the dead, would proclaim light to his own people and to the Gentiles."

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) quotes all of Isaiah 53 as referring to Christ. "In His humiliation His judgment was taken away; who shall declare His generation? For His life is taken from the earth. For the transgressions of my people he was brought down to death." 1 Clement ch.16 p.9.

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "But whether Christ should be so shamefully crucified, this we are in doubt about. For whosoever is crucified is said in the law to be accursed, so that I am exceedingly incredulous on this point. It is quite clear, indeed, that the Scriptures announce that Christ had to suffer; but we wish to learn if you can prove it to us whether it was by the suffering cursed in the law." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.89 p.244.

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) says, "For the Holy Spirit sometimes brought about that something, which was the type of the future, should be done clearly; sometimes He uttered words about what was to take place, as if it was then taking place, or had taken place." He gives examples from Isaiah 53. Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.114 p.256

Tatian’s Diatessaron (c.172 A.D.) section 54.2-13 quotes Luke 24:36-29.

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) "He [Jesus] had to suffer, but not through you [Israel]." On Pascha part 75 p.58

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) quotes Luke 24:44-47a 3.75 verses Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.16.5 p.442

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "As it is written, These things are all that He behoves to suffer, and what should be after Him." Stromata book 6 ch.15 p.510

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) ""That all prophets ever announced of Him that He wa to come, and had to suffer. Therefore, since the prophecy was fulfilled through His advent,…" An Answer to the Jews ch.8 p.160

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "Our proofs we have drawn from His doctrines, maxims, affections, feelings, miracles, sufferings, and even resurrection – as foretold by the prophets." Five Books Against Marcion book 4 ch.43 p.423.

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) gives the example of Philip and the eunuch of the Old Testament in Isaiah 53 prophesying about Christ. ";He was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a lamb before his shearer is dumb,’ and so preached to him the Lord Jesus." Origen’s Commentary on John book 1 ch.15 p.304.

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) quotes Luke 24:44-47 as by Jesus. Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 part 1 ch.4 p.509

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) quotes Isaiah 53:5 as an authority to prove his point. "He was wounded because of our sins; by His bruises we were healed." Dialogue on the True Faith First part 820a 27 (Adamantius is speaking) p.72

Athanasius of Alexandria (318 A.D.) quotes Numbers 24:5-17 and Isaiah 53:3 as referring to Christ. The Incarnation ch.33 p.54

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) "And there He opened to His disciples again assembled the writings of Holy Scripture, that is, the secrets of the prophets; which before His suffering could by no means be understood, for they told of Him and of His passion. Therefore Moses, and the prophets also themselves, call the law which was given to the Jews a testament: for unless the testator shall have died, a testament cannot be confirmed; nor can that which is written in it be known, because it is closed and sealed. And thus, unless Christ had undergone death the testament could not have been opened; that is, the mystery of God could not have been unveiled and understood." The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.20 p.122

p46 Chester Beatty II – 1,680 verses 70% Paul plus Hebrews (100-150 A.D.) 1 Corinthians 10:1-4

p17 Hebrews 9:12-19 (late 3rd century) (implied) shows that Old Testament blood sacrifices in the first covenant paralleled Christ’s blood in the second covenant.

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. John 3:13

Clement of Rome (96-98 A.D.) tells of Joshua, Rahab and the spies to Jericho. The scarlet thread was a type of the blood of the Lord. 1 Clement ch.12 vol.1 p.8 (See also vol.9 p.233)

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.7 p.141 says that the goat in the Old Testament ritual is a type of Christ who was to suffer. See also ibid ch.12 p.145.

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.12 p.145 "And Moses spake unto them, saying, ‘when any one of you is bitten, let him come to the serpent placed on the pole; and let him hope and believe that even though dead, it is able to give him life, and immediately he shall be restored." And they did so." Though hast in this also [an indication of] the glory of Jesus;"

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "The marriages of Jacob were types of that which Christ was about to accomplish." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.134 p.267

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) says that Isaac being offered on the altar was a type of Christ From the Catena on Genesis ch.5 Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.8 p.759. See also On Pascha ch.34 p.38.

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) "What is this strange mystery, that Egypt is struck down for destruction and Israel is guarded for salvation? Listen to the meaning of the mystery. Nothing, beloved, is spoken or made without an analogy and a sketch; for everything which is made and spoken has its analogy, what is spoken an analogy, what is made a prototype, so that whatever is made may be perceived through the prototype and whatever is spoken is clarified by the illustration." On Pascha p.46 "For indeed the Lord’s salvation and his truth were prefigured in the people, and the decrees of the Gospel were proclaimed in advance by the law. Thus the people was a type, like a preliminary sketch, and the law was the writing of an analogy. The Gospel is the narrative and fulfillment of the law, and the church is the repository of reality." On Pascha ch.39 p.47

Irenaeus of Lyons (c.160-202 A.D.) (implied) mentions the blood on the doorpost as Passover was symbolic of the passion. Proof of Apostolic Preaching ch.24.

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) says that Isaac is a type of Christ Stromata book 1 ch.4 p.306

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) says that Isaac was a type of Christ. The Instructor book 1 ch.5 p.215

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) says that Isaac and Joseph are types of the death of Christ. Five Books Against Marcion ch.18 p.336. It also mentions Moses being a type of Christ in book 2 ch.26 p.318.

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "But why is Christ our passover, if the passover be not a type of Christ, in the similitude of the blood which saves, and of the Lamb, which is Christ? Why does (the apostle) clothe us and Christ with symbols of the Creator’s solemn rites, unless they had relation to ourselves?" Five Books Against Marcion book 5 ch.7 p.443

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) "And for this reason three seasons of the year prefigured the Saviour Himself, so that He should fulfill the mysteries prophesied of Him. In the Passover season, so as to exhibit Himself as one destined to be sacrificed like a sheep, and to prove Himself the true Paschal-lamb, even as the apostle says, ‘Even Christ,’ who is God, ‘our Passover was sacrificed for us.’" homily on the Paschal Supper ch.5.3 p.236

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) "Thus the son of David, who builds this house, is a type of Christ." Commentary on John ch.10 p.404

Origen (239-242 A.D.) mentions types of Christ. Homilies on Ezekiel homily 1 ch.4.1 p.32

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Thus also to Abraham, when his former son was born of a bond-woman, Sarah remained long barren; and late in old age bare her son Isaac, of promise, who was the type of Christ. Thus also Jacob received two wives: the elder Leah, with weak eyes, a type of the synagogue; the younger the beautiful Rachel, a type of the Church, who also remained long barren, and afterwards brought forth Joseph, who also was himself a type of Christ." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 first part ch.20 p.512-513

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) says that the law was a foreshadowing or type of the gospel. Dialogue on the True Faith 2nd part ch.c18 p.98. See also the first part ch.5 p.153

Peter of Alexandria (306,285-311 A.D.) discusses the Passover lamb, the type of the Passover and then says that Jesus is the lamb. fragment 7 p.282

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "some of them [the Scriptures] give the likeness of past events, some of them a type of the future, the miserable men, going back, deal with the figures of the future as if they were already things of the past. As in the instance of the immolation of the Lamb, the mystery of which they regard as solely in remembrance of the deliverance of their fathers from Egypt, when, although the first-born of Egypt were smitten, they themselves were preserved by marking the door-posts of their houses with blood. Nor do they understand that by it also the death of Christ is personified, by whose blood souls made safe and sealed shall be preserved from wrath in the burning of the world; whilst the first-born, the sons of Satan, shall be destroyed with an utter destruction by the avenging angels, who shall reverence the seal of the Blood impressed upon the former." Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 9 ch.1 p.345

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) says the Passover lamb "was an image of things to come. For Christ was the white lamb without spot" and mentions the slaying of the Passover lamb is a figure of the passion. The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.26 p.129.

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) discusses how Moses and other ancient prophets honored the name of Christ. "When he delivered types and symbols of heavenly things,…". Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 1 ch.3.2 p.85

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) discusses how Joshua was a type of Christ. Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 1 ch.3.3-5 p.85

Marinus the Bardasene (c.300 A.D.) says that the angels were types of Christ, such as when they ate and drank with Abraham. Dialogue on the True Faith fifth part ch.5 p.153

p46 Chester Beatty II – 1,680 verses 70% Paul plus Hebrews (100-150 A.D.) Hebrews 7:1-17

1 Clement (96-98 A.D.) ch.36 vol.1 p.15 (partial, not a type) quotes Psalm 110:1 as referring to Jesus Christ the High Priest of all our offerings. See also vol.9.

Epistle of Barnabas (c.70-130 A.D.) ch.12 p.145 (partial, is Melchizedek, not a type) "Behold again: Jesus who was manifested, both by type and in the flesh, is not the Son of man, but the Son of God. Since, therefore, they were to say that Christ was the son of David, fearing and understanding the error of the wicked, he saith," and then quotes Psalm 110:1

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "In the splendour of the saints before the morning star have I begotten Thee. The Lord hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.’ Who does not admit, then, that Hezekiah is no priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek? And who does not know that he is not the redeemer of Jerusalem?" Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.83 p.240

Irenaeus of Lyons (c.160-202 A.D.) (partial) says Christ was like Melchizedek. Proof of Apostolic Preaching ch.48.

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "For Salem is, by interpretation, peace; of which our Saviour is enrolled King, as Moses says, Melchizedek king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who gave bread and wine, furnishing consecrated food for a type of the Eucharist. And Melchizedek is interpreted ‘righteous king;’ and the name is a synonym for righteousness and peace." Stromata book 4 ch.25 p.439

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "Hezekiah was no priest; and even if he had been one, he would not have been a priest for ever. ‘After the order,’ says He, ‘of Melchizedek.’ Now what had Hezekiah to do with Melchizedek, the priest of the most High God, and him uncircumcised too, who the blessed the circumcised Abraham after receiving from him the offerings of tithes? To Christ, however, ‘the order of Melchizedek’ will be very suitable; for Christ is the proper and legitimate High Priest of God. He is the Pontiff of the priesthood of the uncircumcision,…" Five Books Against Marcion book 5 ch.9 p.468. See also ibid book 5 ch.9 p.448.

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) (partial) mentions Melchizedek without linking him to Christ. An Answer to the Jews ch.2,3 p.152-153

Origen (233-234 A.D.) quotes Psalm 109:4 (= Hebrews 7:21) "...But I am a man of prayer." Origen On Prayer part 1 ch.15.1 p.58

Origen (225-253/254 A.D.) (partial) "Our LORD and Savior was greater than Melchizedek, whose ancestry scripture does not trace." Homilies on Luke homily 28 ch.1 p.115

Origen (233/234 A.D.) (partial) mentions the Order of Melchizedek. Origen On Prayer ch.15.1 p.58

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Also in the priest Melchizedek we see prefigured the sacrament of the sacrifice of the Lord, according to what divine Scripture testifies, and says, ‘And Melchizedek, king of Salem, brought forth bread and wine.’ Now he was a priest of the most high God, and blessed Abraham. And that Melchizedek bore a type of Christ, the Holy Spirit declares in the Psalms" Epistles of Cyprian letter 62.4 p.359.

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) discusses Melchizedek in The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.14 p.113.

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) mentions Melchizedek as relating to Christ Demonstration of the Gospel book 1.5 p.7

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) (partial) refers to Melchizedek in Preparation for the Gospel book 4 ch.17 p.14

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) discusses Melchizedek being Christ in Hebrews. "Wherefore after his [Melchizedek’s] order, but not after the order of others, who received symbols and types, was our Saviour proclaimed with an appeal to an oath, Christ and priest." Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 1 ch.3.13-18 p.86-87

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Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "And that it was declared by symbol, even in the time of Moses, that there would be two advents of this Christ, as I have mentioned previously, [is manifest] from the symbol of the goats presented for sacrifice during the fast. And again, by what Moses and Joshua did, the same thing was symbolically announced and told beforehand. For the one of them, stretching out his hands, remained till evening on the hill, his hands being supported; and this reveals a type of no other thing than of the cross: and the other, whose name was altered to Jesus (Joshua), led the fight, and Israel conquered." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.111 p.254

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "‘What I mean is this. Jesus (Joshua), as I have now frequently remarked, who was called Oshea, when he was sent to spy out the land of Canaan, was named by Moses Jesus (Joshua). Why he did this you neither ask, nor are at a loss about it, nor make strict inquiries. Therefore Christ has escaped your notice; and though you read, you understand not; and even now, though you hear that Jesus is our Christ, you consider not that the name was bestowed on Him not purposelessly nor by chance. But you make a theological discussion as to why one ‘a’ was added to Abraham’s first name; and as to why one ‘p’ was added to Sarah’s name, you use similar high-sounding disputations. But why do you not similarly investigate the reason why the name of Oshea the son of Nave (Nun), which his father gave him, was changed to Jesus (Joshua)? But since not only was his name altered, but he was also appointed successor to Moses, being the only one of his contemporaries who came out from Egypt, he led the surviving people into the Holy Land; and as he, not Moses, led the people into the Holy Land, and as he distributed it by lot to those who entered along with him, so also Jesus the Christ will turn again the dispersion of the people, and will distribute the good land to each one, though not in the same manner. For the former gave them a temporary inheritance, seeing he was neither Christ who is God, nor the Son of God; but the latter, after the holy resurrection, shall give us the eternal possession. The former, after he had been named Jesus (Joshua), and after he had received strength from. His Spirit, caused the sun to stand still. For I have proved that it was Jesus who appeared to and conversed with Moses, and Abraham, and all the other patriarchs without exception, ministering to the will of the Father; who also, I say, came to be born man by the Virgin Mary, and I say lives for ever. For the latter is He after whom and by whom the Father will renew both the heaven and the earth; this is He who shall shine an eternal light in Jerusalem; this is he who is the king of Salem after the order of Melchizedek, and the eternal Priest of the Most High. The former is said to have circumcised the people a second time with knives of stone (which was a sign of this circumcision with which Jesus Christ Himself has circumcised us from the idols made of stone and of other materials), and to have collected together those who were circumcised from the uncircumcision, i.e., from the error of the world, in every place by the knives of stone, to wit, the words of our Lord Jesus. For I have shown that Christ was proclaimed by the prophets in parables a Stone and a Rock. Accordingly the knives of stone we shall take to mean His words, by means of which so many who were in error have been circumcised from uncircumcision with the circumcision of the heart, with which God by Jesus commanded those from that time to be circumcised who derived their circumcision from Abraham, saying that Jesus (Joshua) would circumcise a second time with knives of stone those who entered into that holy land." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.113 p.255

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) (implied) "Presently, therefore, Moses prophetically, giving place to the perfect Instructor the Word, predicts both the name and the office of Instructor, and committing to the people the commands of obedience, sets before them the Instructor. ‘A prophet,’ says he, ‘like Me shall God raise up to you of your brethren,’ pointing out Jesus the Son of God, by an allusion to Jesus the son of Nun; for the name of Jesus predicted in the law was a shadow of Christ." The Instructor book 1 ch.7 p.224

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) said that Joshua was a type of Christ. An Answer to the Jews ch.9 p.163 .

Origen (c.227-c.240 A.D.) "In the spirit of this passage let us also pray that we may receive from God to understand the spiritual meaning of Joshua's passage through Jordan. Of it, also, Paul would have said, 'I would not, brethren, have you ignorant, that all our fathers went through Jordan, and were all baptized into Jesus in the spirit and in the river.' And Joshua, who succeeded Moses, was a type of Jesus Christ, who succeeds the dispensation through the law, and replaces it by the preaching of the Gospel." Origen’s Commentary on John book 6 ch.26 p.372

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "Thus also to Abraham, when his former son was born of a bond-woman, Sarah remained long barren; and late in old age bare her son Isaac, of promise, who was the type of Christ. Thus also Jacob received two wives: the elder Leah, with weak eyes, a type of the synagogue; the younger the beautiful Rachel, a type of the Church, who also remained long barren, and afterwards brought forth Joseph, who also was himself a type of Christ. … and Samuel being born, was a type of Christ." Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 first part ch.20 p.512-513

Eusebius of Caesarea (318-325 A.D.) says that Jeshua was originally called Auses [Hoshea], but his name was changed to Jesus [Joshua] because he "bore a resemblance to our Saviour in the fast that he alone, after Moses and after the completion of the symbolical worship which had been transmitted by him, succeeded to the government of the trure religion. Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History book 1 ch.3.4 p.85

Jeremiah 31:31-34; Ezekiel 26:26-28; Luke 22:20b; Hebrews 7:22,28; 8:6-13; 9:15-18; 10:9-16

p17 Hebrews 9:12-19 (late 3rd century) says that Jesus is the mediator of the new covenant in Hebrews 9:15.

Vaticanus (B) Most of the Old Testament and all of New Testament up to Hebrews 9:15 (325-350 A.D.) Hebrews 7:25; 8:6; 9:15; 1 Timothy 2:5

Sinaiticus (Aleph) Almost all of the New Testament and half of the Old Testament. (340-350 A.D.) Hebrews 7:25; 8:6; 9:15; 12:24; 1 Timothy 2:5

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) mentions how God promised a New Covenant, and that the Jews could not keep the Old Covenant. Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.67 p.232.

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "And Jeremiah says: ‘Behold, I will make a new covenant, not as I made with your fathers’ [Jeremiah 31:31a] in Mount Horeb. But one and the same householder produced both covenants, the Word of God, our Lord Jesus Christ, who spake with both Abraham and Moses, and who has restored us anew to liberty, and has multiplied that grace which is from Himself." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 4 ch.9.1 p.472

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "For we find in the Scriptures, as the Lord says: ‘Behold, I make with you a new covenant, not as I made with your fathers in Mount Horeb.’" [Jeremiah 31:31,32] Stromata book 6 ch.5 p.489. See also Stromata book 5 ch.5 p.450 where he quotes part of Jeremiah 8:6 as scripture.

Origen (c.227-240 A.D.) has three chapters discussing the books of scripture. After saying that Moses left only five books, said, "But he who was made fit to be a minister of the New Covenant, not of the letter, but of the spirit, Paul, who fulfilled the Gospel from Jerusalem around about to Illyricum, did not write epistles to all the churches he taught, and to those whom he did write he sent no more than a few lines." Then he talks about 1 Peter. Commentary on John book 5 ch.3 p.346.

1. Walk according to the Word (only 1 writer: Clement of Alexandria)

2. Scripture cannot be broken (only 2 writers: Tertullian, Novatian)

3. God’s word is a lamp to our feet / light to our path (only 1 writer: Origen)

4. God’s Word is sweeter than honey (only 3 writers: Justin Martyr, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian)

5. Heavenly scriptures (only 2 writers: Novatian, Treatise Against Novatian)

6. The Law is our teacher (only 2 writers: Clement of Alexandria, Commodianus)

7. The Law is our schoolmaster (only 1 writer: Clement of Alexandria)

8. The curse of the law Deuteronomy 27:26; Galatians 3:6-14 (only 2 writers: Irenaeus, Origen)

9. The holy covenant (only 3 writers: Jutin Martyr, The Diatessaron, Irenaeus)

10. Scripture comforts us (only 1 writer: Clement of Alexandria)

11. We have comfort in Christ (only1 writer: Origen Martyrdom ch.42 p.185)

12. Word of God is a two-edged word Hebrews 4:12 (only 3 writers: Tertullian, Origen, Victorinus of Petau, p13)

13. Scapegoats represent two natures of Christ (only 1 writer: Tertullian)

14. The Bible has no contradictions (many writers including Dionysius of Alexandria and Lactantius. However, Origen against)

p40 – Romans 1:24-27; 1:31-2:3; 3:21-4:8; 6:2-5,16; 9:17,27 (3rd century A.D.) quotes Romans 3:21 which mentions the "law and the prophets"

Sinaitic Syriac (SyrS) (3rd/4th century) Matthew 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4; 12:6-25; 12:29-16:15; 18:11-20:24; 21:20-25:15; 25:17-20,25-26; 25:32-28:7; Mark 1:12-44; 2:21-4:17; 5:1-26; 6:5-16:18; Luke 1:36-5:28; 6:12-24:52; John 1:25-47; 2:16-4:37; 5:6-25; 5:46-18:31; 19:40-end. Quotes Matthew 11:12-15

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "The law and the prophets were until John the Baptist; from that time the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force." Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.51 p.221

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) Justin says that we now follow Christ instead of the Law. Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.11 p.199-200.

Justin Martyr (c.138-165 A.D.) "‘Of these and such like words written by the prophets, O Trypho,’ said I, ‘some have reference to the first advent of Christ, in which He is preached as inglorious, obscure, and of mortal appearance: but others had reference to His second advent, when He shall appear in glory and above the clouds; and your nation shall see and know Him whom they have pierced, as Hosea, one of the twelve prophets, and Daniel, foretold.’" Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew ch.14 p.202

Tatian’s Diatessaron (c.172 A.D.) (implied) section 8.46 p.57 mentions not against the law or the prophets.

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) "We have collected together extracts from the Law and the Prophets relating to those things which have been declared concerning our Lord Jesus Christ, that we may prove to your love that this Being is perfect reason, the Word of God;" On Faith ch.4 vol.8 p.756

Melito of Sardis (170-177/180 A.D.) mentions the law and the prophets in On Pascha stanza 104 p.66. See also stanza 57 p.52

Theophilus of Antioch (168-181/188 A.D.) "And concerning the conflagration of the world, they have, willingly or unwillingly, spoken in Conformity with the prophets, though they were much more recent, and stole these things from the law and the prophets. The poets corroborate the testimony of the prophets." Theophilus to Autolycus book 2 ch.37 p.110

Irenaeus of Lyons (182-188 A.D.) "He thus clearly indicates, that He whom Cornelius had previously feared as God, of whom he had heard through the law and the prophets, for whose sake also he used to give alms, is, in truth, God." Irenaeus Against Heresies book 3 ch.12.7 p.432

Caius (190-217 A.D.) "but simply denying the law and the prophets for the sake of their lawless and impious doctrine," vol.5 ch.3 p.602

Clement of Alexandria (193-217/220 A.D.) Then from these He infers, ‘on this hang the law and the prophets.’" The Instructor book 3 ch.12 p.292

Clement of Alexandria (193-202 A.D.) "But as the proclamation [of the Gospel] has come now at the fit time, so also at the fit time were the Law and the Prophets given to the Barbarians, and Philosophy to the Greeks, to fit their ears for the Gospel." Stromata book 6 ch.6 p.490. See also the prophets and the law in Stomata book 5 ch.6 p.452. See also Stromata book 4 ch.1 p.409.

Tertullian (198-220 A.D.) And justly does the evangelist write, ‘The law and the prophets (were) until John’ the Baptist." Answer to the Jews ch.8 p.160. See also On Fasting ch.2 vol.4 p.103

Tertullian (207/208 A.D.) "And so in this manner the law and the prophets were until John" Five Books Against Marcion book 3 ch.23 p.341

Tertullian (208-220 A.D.) refers to the law and the prophets. Tertullian on Modesty ch.6 p.78

Hippolytus of Portus (222-235/236 A.D.) says that Jesus was preached by the law and the prophets. Against the Heresy of One Noetus ch.17 p.230

Commodianus (c.240 A.D.) (partial) mentions just the law, and then a little later mentions the prophets. Instructions of Commodianus ch.56 p.214

Origen (240-254 A.D.) "It is shown from the declarations concerning Jesus, contained in the law and the prophets, that both Moses and the prophets were truly prophets of God." Origen Against Celsus book 1 ch.45 p.415

Origen (233/234 A.D.) refers to the law and the prophets. Origen on Prayer ch.2.3 p.18. See also ibid ch.2.4 p.40.

Origen (233/234 A.D.) emphasized studying the law and prophets. Origen On Prayer ch.29.10 p.118

Novatian (250/4-256/7 A.D.) (partial, law only) "He [God] gave Moses for a leader unto the people; He delivered the groaning children of Israel from the yoke of slavery; He wrote the law;" Concerning the Trinity ch.8 p.617

Treatise on Rebaptism (c.250-258 A.D.) ch.13 p.675 "Christ who is announced by the law and the prophets"

Cyprian of Carthage (c.246-258 A.D.) "In the Gospel also: ‘All the prophets and the law prophesied until John.’" Treatises of Cyprian Treatise 12 first book testimonies ch.9 p.511

Roman Church leaders to Cyprian (250-251 A.D.) "then also the Lord Himself, fulfilling what had been written in the law and the prophets, teaches," Epistles of Cyprian Letter 2 ch.1 p.280

Dionysius of Alexandria (246-265 A.D.) "and there are unquestionably some teachers, who hold that the law and the prophets are of no importance, and who decline to follow the Gospels, and who depreciate the epistles of the apostles, and who have also made large promises regarding the doctrine of this composition, as though it were some great and hidden mystery, and who, at the same time, do not allow that our simpler brethren have any sublime and elevated conceptions either of our Lord’s appearing in His glory and His true divinity, or of our own resurrection from the dead, and of our being gathered together to Him, and assimilated to Him, but, on the contrary, endeavour to lead them to hope for things which are trivial and corruptible, and only such as what we find at present in the kingdom of God. And since this is the case, it becomes necessary for us to discuss this subject with our brother Nepos just as if he were present." From the Two Books on the Promises ch.1 p.81

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) "he who does not accept the Law and the Prophets does not accept the Gospel either." Adamantius is debating Megethius the Marcionite. Dialogue on the True Faith Second part ch.10 p.87. See also ibid part 2 867a 12 p.100.

Adamantius (c.300 A.D.) quotes Exodus 20:13-15,16. He also mentions the Law and the Prophets and the Old Testament. Dialogue on the True Faith Second Part 15 b p.94.

Victorinus of Petau (martyred 304 A.D.) "-the new, the evangelical words of the apostles; the old, the precepts of the law and the prophets:" Commentary on the Apocalypse from the First Chapter no.16 (first time) p.345

Methodius (270-311/312 A.D.) "Wherefore let it shame the Jews that they do not perceive the deep things of the Scriptures, thinking that nothing else than outward things are contained in the law and the prophets;" Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 9 ch.1 p.345

Peter of Alexandria (306,285-310/311 A.D.) "I came not to destroy the law, or the prophets, but to fulfil them’ the Saviour Himself said in the Gospel." Fragment 5 : That up to the time of the destruction of Jerusalem… ch.7 p.282

Lactantius (c.303-320/325 A.D.) "But all Scripture is divided into two Testaments. That which preceded the advent and passion of Christ-that is, the law and the prophets-is called the Old; but those things which were written after His resurrection are named the New Testament." The Divine Institutes book 4 ch.20 p.122

pseudo-Ignatius (after 117 A.D.) "If any one preaches the one God of the law and the prophets," Epistle to the Philadelphians ch.6 p.82

pseudo-Methodius (after 312 A.D.) "It became indeed the Lord of the law and the prophets to do all things in accordance with His own law, and not to make void the law, but to fulfil it, and rather to connect with the fulfilment of the law the beginning of His grace." Oration of Simeon and Anna ch.3 p.385

The Ebionite Clementine Homilies (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) (partial) homily 2 ch.20 p.332 refers to the law.

The Ebionite Epistle of Peter to James (-188 A.D.- uncertain date) (partial) ch.2 p.215 mentions the Law of Moses.

The Ebionite Recognitions of Clement (c.211-231 A.D.) homily 1 ch.68 p.95 "Then he, with difficulty, at length overcome by reason, answered, that it must be derived from the law; and afterwards he made mention also of the prophets." See also book 2 ch.50 p.111.