`Nicea to Ephesus Teaching on Apologetic and Polemic Evangelism – June 2018 version

APOLOGETICS AND EVANGELISM

POLEMIC EVANGELISTIC METHODS

Legend for Cells

a1. Answering questions of others   Mk 10:17-21; Lk 12:14-17

h1. Debate and argument in witnessing Acts 18:28

W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching

a2. Using questions Mk 12:35-37; Lk 6:33-34,38,41,42,46

h2. Do no throw pearls before swine Mt 7:6

I = Implied this is true or opposite is false

a3. Showing misconceptions/contradictions Gal 2:14

h3. Call other beliefs delusion/madness 2 Th 2:11

N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed

a4. Ps 110 refers to Christ Mt 22:44; Acts 1:34-35

h4. Apologetic use of Plato’s Timaeus -

m = Mixed: some agree, others did not

a5. Nature witnesses to God Ps 19; Rom 1:18-20

h5. Apologetic use of Jupiter’s tomb ~Tt1:12

P = partial,

a6. Appeal to science -

h6. Pointing out adulteries of Greek gods -

a7. First Cause (cosmological arg.) (partial) Isa 43:10-

h7. Humor in witnessing  Acts 26:29

- = no reference found (so far)

a8. Only one is supreme Isa 40:13,14,25

h8. Harsh rebuke in witnessing Mt 23:33; Gal 1:6-9

X = Disagree

a9. Appeal to historians  Josh 10:13; 2 Sam 1:18

h9. Calling people names. Mt 23:25,33; Lk3:7; Jn8:55

blank = not researched yet

a10. Morality vs. evil in other religions Lev 20:2-5

h10. Ridicule and sarcasm in witnessing 1 Ki 18:27

Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s

Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Catholics persecute, brown=other Christians persecute

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

a1

a2

a3

a4

a5

a6

a7

a8

a9

a10

h1

h2

h3

h4

h5

h6

h7

h8

h9

h10

Council of Nicea I vs. Arians (c.318 bishops)

3

May-Jun 325

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

P

-

-

Persian king Shapur II  persecutes Christians

315,325-381

Persian Christians double-taxed after Constantine became a Christian. Violent persecution after 325. In Mesopotamia alone 1,150 Christians killed.

Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs

325

In retaliation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill everyone in al-Hera.

Private Creed of Arius (for Constantine to restore him)

0.1

328

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Juvencus (wrote an epic poem: The Gospels)

 

329

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

W

 

-

-

-

 

 

W

 

Eustathius of Antioch (against Origen)

< 1/4

323-337

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea)

c.404

318-339/340

W

W

-

-

-

-

W

-

W

W

-

-

W

-

-

-

W

W

W

W

Marcellus of Ancyra (Trinity only for a time)

 

c.336 & 340

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops)

3 ½

summer 341

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Asterius the Sophist (Arian)

 

-c.341

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mild Arian Creed of Antioch

1

c.341/344

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline)

5

343/344

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

P

-

Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations

67 ¼

337-345

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The Macrostich Creed

2

344/345

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Firmicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions. God rewards persecuting pagans

26

346/348

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A Poem on the Passion of the Lord

1

315-350

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

pseudo-Clement Two Epistles on Virginity. 1 & 2

5¾ + 5

3rd century

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mandaean writings (said Jesus a false prophet)

3.5

>350?

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Vaticanus (B) Most OT, all NT to Heb 9:15. 6,979 verses

325-350

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

I

W

W

Sinaiticus (Aleph) Almost all of NT ½ of OT

340-350

W

W

W

W

W

-

 

 

 

 

W

W

W

-

-

-

W

W

W

 

p25 Mt 18:32-34; 19:1-3,5-7,9f (8.5 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p62 Mt 11:25-30 (6 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p86 Mt 5; p88 Mk 2; p89 Heb 6

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p120 Jn 1; p123 1 Cor 14-15

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p126 Heb 13:12-13:19-20

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p8, p10, p62, & p71 (29, 7, 6, & 4 verses)

4th century

W

2W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

058, 0169, 0185, 1088, 0242

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Vercelli (Latin a) Mt 1:1-25:1; 25:13-end; Mk 1:1-21;1:35-15:14; Lk 1:1-11:11; 11:27-12:36; 13:1-end

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Amon of Adrianople (martyr)

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apostolic Canons

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyrillones, Syriac poet Six Hymns

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Faustus of Milevis/Milevum (Manichaean)

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hegemonius of Sirmium Acts of Archelaus (Disputation with Manes)

58.75

4th century

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

Philo of Carpasia, Cyprus

0.5

4th century

-

-

-

P

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1st Council of Sirmium (Greek creed)

1 ½

351

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Julius I of Rome. said Marcellus was Trinitarian

9

339-352

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ammonas (Origenist, a founder of monasticism)

 

340-348/353

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Heraclea

 

355

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Arminum, Nicene/Arian compromise Athanasius against all councils after Nicea

½

355

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

4th Council of Sirmium

357

Father neither the same nor similar substance as the Son, but greater than the Son

Synod of Seleucia in Isauria (160 bishops)

0.2

357/358

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

King Ezana of Aksum becomes a Christian

 

c.325-360

King of Ethiopia, Sudan, and parts of Egypt and Yemen

Eusebius of Emesa, astronomer, math. bishop

 

c.359/360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal

 

c.350-360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jews forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem

325-361

Constantine forbids Jews to be in Jerusalem. Julian later rescinds this decree.

Arian Roman Emperor Constantius

337-353-361

Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding.

Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace

½

356-361

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Life of Antony (possibly by Athanasius)

26.5

359-362

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

W

-

-

W

-

-

-

W

Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius

c.4

359-362

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial)

c.8

359-362

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyrillones Syriac poet Six Hymns

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia

 

late 4th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julian the Apostate again makes paganism the official Roman religion

361-363

Roman emperor Julian tries to restore paganism until he dies in battle against the Persians. Valentinian becomes emperor in the west, Arian Valens in the east.

Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza

361-363

Emperor Julian shows some toleration, yet permits persecution of Christians.

Arian Acacius of Caesarea (liked Eusebius of Caesarea, against Cyril of Jerusalem)

 

366

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours)

226.5

355-367/368

W

W

P

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

I

W

W

W

-

-

-

W

-

W

Theodore of Tabennesi

 

died 368

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae

 

350-370

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cheltenham Canon (=Momsen Catalogue)

0.25

360-370

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east

370

Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism.

Messalians (Adelphius & Alexander the Sleepless)

370-1231

Nothing matters except prayer, which became their idol. Condemned at Ephesus.

Eusebius of Vercelli (persecuted by Arians)

 

c.345-370/371

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Athanasius of Alexandria (partial)

412

325-373

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

W

W

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

W

W

W

Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine)

 

364-375

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths

369-376

After converting to Arianism, Athanaric persecuted Orthodox Christians.

Titus of Bostra. Dead purified after death (like purgatory). wrote 4 books against Manichees

 

before 378

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial)

161.25

350-378

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius

354-365

Liberius banished by Emperor Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius.

Fighting: Damasus I vs. Ursinus as Roman bishop

366-378

Emperor sends in troops to stop the fighting. 137 of Ursinus' followers killed.

Macedonius, Pneumatomachian patriarch of Constantinople

342-379

Expelled and tortured Novatianist and Orthodox Christians in Greece and the Balkans. Dug up the corpse of Constantine I.

Macrina, younger sister of Basil/Greg. Nyssa

 

c.327-379

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial)

326

357-378/379

W

W

 

 

 

W

 

 

W

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

W

 

Zeno of Verona (90 sermons)

 

362-380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sapor II persecutes Christians

380

Heliodorus, Dosa, Ia, and 8K-9K others killed

Apostolic Constitutions (from the Didascalia)

 

c.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Orsiesius/Orsisius of Tabenna

 

c.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Faustinus of Rome, Luciferian, On the Trinity

 

ca.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Filastrius Against All Heresies

 

ca.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) (undisputed)

4.5

343-381

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Gangra -vs. Eustastius of Sabaste

1 1/3

345-381

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Meletius of Antioch (taught Diodore)

 

381

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Council of Constantinople -150 bishops

3.75

381-382

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Rome under Damasus I

 

382

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eunomius of Cyzicus (extreme Arian)

c.8

360-c.383

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bachiarius Libellis de Fide

 

383

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ambrosiaster (Latin)

 

After 384

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philastrius of Brescia Catalog of Heresies

 

c.384/381-397

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Genuine Acts of Peter of Alexandria

 

after 384

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jacob of Nisibis

 

305-385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Elvira, Spain

 

359-385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macedonian and Priscillian heresies

c.383, 385

Macedonians denied H.S. a being. Priscillian denied Jesus God. killed 385 A.D.

Priscillian

 

385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem)

142

c.349-386

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

Damasus I of Rome against Arian Nica Creed

2

c.386-389/384

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christians burn down Valentinian Gnostic chapel

388

At the Byzantine outpost of Callinicum in Iraq

Ambrose of Milan (partial, Against Arianism)

446.25

370-390

 

W

 

W

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

W

 

Tyconius of Africa, On the Apoc. (Donatist)

 

370-380/390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A bishop burns down a Jewish synagogue

379-390

Emperor Theodosius orders the bishop to rebuild it. Ambrose of Milan cautions him.

Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul)

 

died 390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcian

 

390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.)

275

330-391

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christians burn all pagan temples in Alexandria

391

With emperor’s blessing patriarch Theophilus destroys all pagan temples and images

Pacian of Barcelona

c.23

342-379/392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fortunatus

 

392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Phoebadius of Agen (wrote against Arians)

 

After 392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diodore

 

Before 394

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius

1

394

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) deny the Holy Spirit is a distinct being

 

342-395

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emperor Theodosius I persecutes Jews, Arians, & Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians)

379-395

Allowed the burning of synagogues. Jews could no longer serve in official positions.

Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist)

495

c.356-397

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philastrius of Brescia (disputed with heretics)

 

381-397

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Didymus the blind (Origenist, against Pneumatomachians)

 

398

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Luciferian Schism -Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia

 

361-c.399

Orthodox beliefs, except would not accept back repentant Arian/Semi-Arian clergy

Evagrius Ponticus (monk)

 

c.381-399

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Siricius (first to be called Pope in Rome)

 

c.384-399

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Epitaph of Pectorius

0.125

100-400

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum)

c.189

350-400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syriac Doctrine of Addai

 

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p85 Rev 9-10

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p19 Mt 10-11

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p50 Acts 8,10; p51 Gal 1 (13, 15 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p117 2 Cor 7; p122 Jn 21

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p21 Mt 12:24-26,32f (8 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p57 Acts4:36-5:2; 5:8-10 (7 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p135 Gal 3:21-22,28-29; 4:31-5:6; 5:10-15

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Freer Gospels (W) (original) Mt 1-28; Mk 1:1-5:16:20; Lk 1:1-24:53; Jn 5:12-14:25;16:8-21:25

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Codex Bobiensis (Latin k) Mt 1:1-3:10; 4:1-14:17; 15:20-36; Mk 8:8-11,14-16; 8:19-16:8

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Fastidus (Britain)

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hyperechius (Mt, etc.)

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Timothy of Alexandria

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maximinus

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maximus of Turin

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Petilian/Petilianus (Donatist)

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nonnus (Gospel of John paraphrase)

 

early 5th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies)

 

360-403

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

W

 

W

Coptic saint Theophilus of Alexandria

391-403

Persecuted pagans and anti-Origenist monks. The Orthodox remember martyrdoms of 10,000 monks due to him. Presided at the Synod of the Oak against Chrysostom.

Amphilochius of Iconium (against Pneumatomachians)

 

c.345-398/404

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flavian of Antioch

 

404

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prudentius of Tarraconensis, Spain (poet)

 

before 405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Innocent I

 

ca.405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rufinus, translator and historian (Origenist)

88

374-406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gaudentius of Brescia (Donatist, 21 Sermons)

 

after 406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mesrop Mashtotz translates the Bible into Armenian

after 406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theotimos

 

407

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Chrysostom (partial)

~3000

-407

W

W

 

W

W

 

 

 

W

 

W

W

W

 

 

W

 

W

W

 

Chromatius of Aquileia

 

407

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Severian of Gabala (Chrysostom's foe)

150+

398-408

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Asterius of Amasea

 

c.410

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Nestorian Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon

410

Called by bishop Mar Isaac. Affirms the Nicene Creed. bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon on par with Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome.

Violent persecution of and by Donatist sects

411

Augustine protested the harshness of Emperor Honorius’ persecution.

Theophilus of Alexandria

 

412

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Niceta of Remesianus, Serbia

c.63

366-c.415

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian)

c.20

414-418

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pelagius tried at the Council of Lydda, 25 miles NW Jerusalem. 415 A.D. (People are born neutral.)

 

416-418

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter from Paula & Eustochium to Jerome

 

before 419

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Carthage (218 bishops)

39

393-419

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greek philosopher Hypatia killed by Christian mob in Alexandria

c.419

Christian historian Socrates condemns this.

Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin)

116 ½

363-420

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial)

~500

373-420

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Palladius’ Lausiac History (short recension)

 

419-420

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mazdeans and Persian Emperor Vararanes persecute Christians in Persia

419-420

 

Council of Vaison

 

422

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fifth Synod at Carthage

 

424

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Nestorian Synod (Synod of Yahallaha I)

420

 

3rd Nestorian Synod of (Markabta of Tayyaye)

424

Synod of Dadyeshu

Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History

89

370/380-425

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sixth Synod at Carthage

 

426

To restore Leporius the “ex-proto-Nestorian”

Synod at Constantinople against Massalians

 

426

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian)

 

392-423/429

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Macarius/Symeon (Mt, etc.)

 

392-423/429

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Petronius of Verona

 

c.412-429

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Augustine of Hippo (Ambrose’s pupil) (partial)

~4500

388-8/28/430

 

 

 

W

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

W

 

Synesius of Ptolemais (Cyrene)

 

397-430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Cassian (Origenist, father of Semi-Pelagianism)

422 ½

419-430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nilus of Ancyra & Sinai, friend of Chrysostom. Against Messalians

 

died c.430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Polychronius

 

c.430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcus Eremita

 

after 430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paulinus of Nola, Italy. Ex-senator who introduced bells in worship.

 

431

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Ephesus (200 bishops) against Pelagius & all who were not against Nestorius

20

Jun-Sep 431

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Totals

 

 

6+

8+

3+

4+

4+

1+

1+

1+

6+

3+

7+

3+

5+

1+

1+

3+

2+

9+

8+

5+

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

a1

a2

a3

a4

a5

a6

a7

a8

a9

a10

h1

h2

h3

h4

h5

H6

h7

h8

h9

h10

Philip of Side, Pamphylia (historian)

 

405-after 432

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Celestine of Rome to the Council of Ephesus

1 ¾

431-432

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The Didascalia (mentions Nestorians)

70

after 432

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paul of Emesa

 

after 432

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philostorgius, extreme Arian historian

 

425-433

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vincent of Lerins A Commonitory

26

c.434

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters)

 

c.435

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acacius of Beroea

 

c.430-436

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Socrates of Constantin. Ecclesiastical History

178

c.400-439

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Council of Orange (17 bishops)

 

Nov 8, 441

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Arles

 

443

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril of Alexandria (foe of Diodore)

 

444

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arsenius of Anachoreta

 

445

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Ancyra

 

445

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proclus of Constantinople

 

446

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sechnall of Ireland. Hymn to St. Patrick

 

439-447/448

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Persian king Yazdegerd II persecutes Christians

448

Massacres Christians in Kirkuk, modern-day Iraq

Valerian of Cimiez (for Hilary of A. vs. Leo I)

 

c.442-449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Council of Ephesus (Robber's Council)

 

449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flavian of Constantinople

 

449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Armenian Synod of Artisat

 

449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eucherius of Lyons

 

c.434-ca.449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Persians attack Armenians and Georgians

449

Armenians and Georgians revolt after Yazdirg II tries to impose Zoroastrianism.

Victor of Antioch

 

425-450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (partial)

 

c.433-c.450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Possidus of Calama

 

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marius Mercator (Latin)

 

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agroecius bishop of Sen, Gaul

 

c.450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p14 1 Cor 10:3; p93 Jn 13

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

p127 Acts 10:32-35,40-45;11:2-5;11:30-12:3,5,7-9;15:29-30,34-41;16:1-4, 3-40,17:1-10

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alexandrinus (Mt 25:7-Rev with gaps in Jn,Rm,2Cor)

c.450

W

W

W

W

W

 

 

 

 

 

W

W

W

-

-

-

W

W

W

 

Ephraemi Rescriptus (C) (-04)

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Bezae Cantabrigiensis

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

I

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Q

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

T

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Curetonian Old Syriac (Mt, etc.)

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Cyprian of Gaul Gen-Jdg poetic paraphrase

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julianus Pomerius

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oecumenius of Isauria

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Severus

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Speculum

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Salvian the presbyter from Marseilles On the Government of God

 

440-450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections

 

ca.450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hesychius of Jerusalem

 

after 450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Besa the Copt (Monophysite)

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites (4th)

18

451

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ex-Patriarch Nestorius’ Bazaar of Heracleides

c.128

451/452

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quodvultdeus (friend of Augustine)

 

453

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

de Promissionibus

 

453

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julian of Eclanum, Italy (Pelagian)

 

c.454

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop & historian)

318

423-458

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia

420-460

After Bishop Abdas burned a Zoroast. temple, many Christian churches burned.

Isaac of Antioch (Monoph. or Orthodox?)

 

451-460

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arnobius the Younger of Gaul

 

c.460

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish)

15

420-461

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

Pope Leo I of Rome (turned back Attila)

204

440-461

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) -partial

c.12

426-465

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shenoute (friend of Cyril of Alexandria)

 

c.450-477

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hidatius/Igacius of Gallaecia (Portugal)

 

c.401-469

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians

c.472

Christian missionary Azqir among those killed.

Diadochus of Photice/Photiki

 

c.400-474

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gelasius of Cyzicus

 

475

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Varimadum (in Latin)

 

445/480

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What has been called the Athanasian Creed

1

447/484

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nestorian Council of Jundish

 

484

Nestorian Council honors Pelagian Theodore of Mopsuestia

Vigilius of Africa and Thrace

 

after 484

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arians persecute Christians in Algeria

484

Arian Visigoth Hunneric persecutes Orthodox Christians in Tipasa, Algeria

Romans shut down Nestorian school in Edessa

489

Roman Emperor Zeno closes Nestorian school; Nestorians flee to Persia

Victor of Vita, Africa

 

after 489

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men

41

480-495

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Life of Abercius

 

300-500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liber Chroniconum (includes Commentary on Origen’s Hexameron)

 

375-500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Local Synod of Constantinople

 

499

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ephraemi Rescriptus

400-500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Faustus of Riez

 

490/500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andreas Caesariensis (historian)

 

c.500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pseudo-Gregory Thaumaturgus (Monophysite)

 

c.500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eugenius of Carthage (quotes 1 Jn 5:7)

 

-c.505

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Armenian Apostolic Church 1st Council of Dvin 20 bishops, 14 laymen, and various rulers

 

506

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philoxenian Syriac

507/508

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Monophysite Synod of Tyre rejects Chalcedon

513-515

 

Ruricus/Ruricius I of Limoges

 

ca.485-c.510

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Roman pope excommunicates Acacius/east churches

484-518

 

Ennodius of Pavia, Italy

 

514-521

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jacob of Serug/Sarug (Mar Jacob) (partial)

9

519-521

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philoxenus of Mabbug (Monophysite)

 

c.498-523

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arians persecute Christians in north Africa

499-523

Visigoth Thrasimund persecutes Orthodox in Carthage & N. Africa until he died

Avitus of Vienne (against Arians)

 

523

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dhu Nuwas (=Yusuf As'ar) kills C's in Yemen

523-524

Converted Jewish king persecutes Christians, since Byzantines persecute Jews

Barsanuphius of Palestine

 

c.525

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boethius

 

-ca.524/526

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite

 

c.485-c.528

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Council of Orange vs. semi-Pelagianism

 

529

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Procopius of Gaza

 

c.465-530

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boniface II Letter to Caesarius of Arles

 

530-532

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eugippus of Naples

 

533

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fulgentius of Ruspe, north Africa (partial)

282

507-532/533

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

W

-

-

-

W

W

W

-

Schism among Nestorians

 

531-537

 

Severus of Antioch (Monophysite)

 

c.491-538

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benedict of Nursia Rule of St. Benedict

 

ca.480-540

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caesarius of Arles, pupil of Julianus

 

469/470-542

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Choricius of Gaza (pupil of Procopius)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ferrancus deacon of Carthage

 

c.546/547

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6th Nestorian Synod affirms Chalcedon

 

531-537

Synod of Mar Aba I

Persian Khosros I persecutes Nestorians

540-545

 

Julian of Halicarnassus starts the Phantasiastes sect

527-549

Phantasiastes split from Monophysites, saying Christ's body was incorruptible

Mark the Hermit of Tarsus

 

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Claromontanus

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Leontius of Byzantium

 

543/550

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apringius of Beja

 

after 551

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Primasius Comm. on the Apocalypse

 

after 552

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) condemns Nestorius, Origen & admirers

13

May 553

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Vigilius’ letter to Constantinople II Council

2

553

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7th Persian Synod

554

Creates metropolitans for Merv and Rewardashir

Armenian Apostolic Church 2nd Council of Dvin. Rejected Chalcedon

 

554

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paschasius of Dumiun/Dumin

c.13

555

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Romanos the Melodist

 

556

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril of Scythopolis, Palestine (monk)

 

543-558/559

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Victor of Tunis

 

after 566

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gildas the Wise of Rhuys (England & Ireland )

 

c.570

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Facundus of Hermiane, north Africa

 

after 571

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts

527-568, 572

Copts are Monophysites; teaching Jesus’ humanity & divinity are only one nature.

Martin of Braga, Spain

c.24

550-577

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

M. Aurelius Cassiodorus Comm. on Ps, Rev.

 

c.580

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jews persecuted in France

554,561,582

Jews forced to convert or expelled

Monoph. John of Ephesus (tortured pagans)

 

c.507-c.586

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Columba of Iona, Scotland (poetry in Latin)

 

ca.597

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leander of Seville, Spain, brother of Isidore

c.24

579-600/601

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial)

239 ½

590-605

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eulogius of Alexandria

 

607

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Venantius’ Poem on Easter

1 ½

lived 530-609

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Armenian Apostolic Church 3rd Council of Dvin

 

609-610

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Antiochus Mar Saba

 

614

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harclean Syriac (Harklensis) (SyrH)

 

616

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

2nd Synod of Seville, Spain

 

618/619

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gospel of pseudo-Matthew

15

600-625

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Rheims (in northern France)

 

c.625

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gospel of the Nativity of Mary

3 ½

after 625

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Babai the Nestorian historian On the Union

 

died ca.628

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jews persecuted in Constantinople

628

Jews forced to convert in Constantinople

4th Council of Toledo, Spain

 

Dec. 633

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isidore of Seville, scholar Etymologiae

 

601-636

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monothelite-leaning Pope Honorius of Rome

 

625-638

Condemned as a heretic by the Council of Constantinople in 680

Sahdone/Sahdona (=Martyrius) (On Psalms)

 

c/635-640

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lateran Council condemns monothelitism (150 bishops)

 

649

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oecumenius (sinlessness of Mary)

 

550-650

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peshitta (SyrP)

600/650

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Constantine of Mananalis, started Paulicans

mid 7th cent.

Also called Euchites, they were ascetic, vegetarian Gnostics

Andreas

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apocalypse of pseudo-Methodius

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Modestus of Jerusalem (Mary the new Eve)

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pseudo-Athanasius

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Braulio of Saragossa Life of St. Aemilianus

 

631-651

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslim Jihads against non-Muslims

634-

Muslims invaded Syria to France, and Persia to India

John Climacus (John of the Ladder)

 

before 670

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monothelites

 

633-680

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Agatho to the 3rd Council of Constant.

6.5

Nov 15, 680

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3rd Council of Constantinople (6th ecumenical)

8

680-681

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John of Nikiu: Copt historian. Islam was God’s punishment against Chalcedonians

 

c.680-690

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quinisext Council (=Council in Trullo)

 

692

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jews persecuted in Spain

623-693

Jews were killed, forced to convert, or expelled from Toledo & Spain

Isaac of Nineveh (=the Syrian) (Nestorian) ascetic wrote on the inner life

 

c.700/7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anastasius of Antioch

 

700

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Buddhist Empress Wu Zetian persecutes Nestorians

698-705

Burned Nestorian churches and monasteries in China

Judaism outlawed in Constantinople

722

Judaism illegal in the capital

Bede the Venerable, English historian. Finished translating John on his deathbed in 735.

 

731-735

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andrew of Crete, hymn writer. He was the first to claim Luke draw a secret picture of Jesus.

 

712-726/740

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John of Damascus (defender of icons & relics)

 

706-749

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Amiatinus (No 1 Jn 5:7)

700-750

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Hesychius, Pros Theodoulon

 

c.750?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John the Elder of Mt. Qardu, N. Iraq (monk)

 

8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Hiereia (=Council of Constantinople V) (333 bishops against icons)

 

754

"the unlawful art of painting living creatures blasphemed the fundamental doctrine of our salvation--namely, the Incarnation of Christ, & contradicted the six holy synods”

Uighurs convert from Nestorianism to Manichaeism

762

 

2nd Council of Nicea (7th ecumenical)

 

787

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Byzantine Lectionaries

9th century-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Alcuin of York (scholar under Charlemagne)

 

782-804

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore Abu Qurrah, an Arabian Chalcedonian who debated Monophysites

 

813-820/825

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore the Studite/Stoudite (Orthodox, icons)

 

759-826

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taoist Chinese Emperor Wu persecutes Buddhists and Nestorians

840-846

Non-violent but severe persecution. Much land was tied up by Buddhist monasteries. Nestorian Christianity never as prominent in China again.

Rabanus Maurus

 

c.776-856

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paschasius Radbertus

 

786-865

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratremus

 

744-868

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Scotus Eirugena (Irish-born), Neo-Platonist theologian who succeeded Alcuin under Charlemagne. Believed in pre-existence of souls`

 

c.848-c.877

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Photius I (the Great) of Constantinople

 

c.858-891

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cadaver Synod condemns Pope Formosus

Jan 897

Roman Pope Stephen (VI) VII convicts dead Roman Pope Formosus

Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews

1004-1012

Fatimid Caliph Hakim terrorizes pilgrims & desecrates Jerusalem in 1009

Symeon the New Theologian

 

979-1022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Antoninus Melissa Loci Communes. Collection of sentences

 

11th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berengar of Tours

 

c.999-1088

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hildebert de Lavardin of Tours

 

d.1133

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cretian of Troyes created Holy Grail story

 

1190

At one point 18 churches at the same time had the relic of the Holy Grail.

Constantine Stilbes

 

1150-1200

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nine Crusades

1189-1272

To retake Israel (& capture Constantinople), gain land & money

Marsiglio of Padua. Italian scholar and doctor who argued against the Pope’s supremacy

 

1320-1342

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory Akindos (against Ascetic Hesychasts)

 

-c.1347

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Barlaam of Seminara – against Hesychasm

 

1323-1348

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory Palamas, defender of Hesychasm (senseless prayer)

 

1335-1359

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Medieval Christians: Cath., Orthodox, Copts

-

c.500-c.1500

W

W

W

W

W

 

W

 

 

 

W

-

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Muslim Qur’an or Sunni hadiths (5 collections)

 

c.609-

-

W

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

W

Some moderate Muslims

 

-

W

W

W

-

W

W

W

 

 

W

 

 

W

-

-

-

 

W

 

W

Peter Waldo & the Waldenses in Fr., It., Sp.

 

1175-1532

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

James of Viterbo

 

died 1308

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslims massacre Christians in Arbela

1310

 

Muslims massacred Christians in Almaliq

1339

 

John Wycliffe & the Lollards in England

 

1367-1382

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslim Tamerlane killed 17 million, 5% world pop.

1360-1405

Slaughtered Hindus, fellow Muslims, and almost extinguished Nestorians

Muslim Tamerlane sacks Baghdad

1401

Tamerlane massacres thousands of Muslims and Christians

Jan Hus & the Hussites in Bohemia

 

1404-7/6/1415

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Western Schism of dueling popes

1378-1417

Popes in both Avignon and Rome, ended by the Council of Constance

Hussite Wars

1419-1434

After Catholics executed Jan Hus, they invaded Bohemia

Portuguese forcibly convert Nestorians

1498

Portuguese force Nestorians to convert to Catholicism in India

Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, Swiss Anabaptist

 

1521-1527-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer

 

1454-1531

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

-

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

English king persecutes the Lollards

1413-1532

Not too many executed

Cardinal Thomas Cajetan (opponent of Luther)

 

1494-1534

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (Catholic Bible scholar)

 

1469-1536

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Luther preaches to kill Jews & Anabaptists

1537-1536

Luther changed his view on killing Anabaptists in his last sermon.

Crusade against the Waldenses

1487-1545-

Pope Innocent VIII orders a crusade to exterminate the Waldenses

Martin Luther, or conservative Lutherans

 

1483-1546

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

 

-

-

-

 

W

W

W

Council of the 100 Chapters (Stoglav) Moscow (Orthodox, icons)

 

1551

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Calvinists persecute Anabaptists

1527-1810

Switzerland repealed persecution laws against Anabaptists in 1810.

Menno Simons, peaceful German Anabaptist, Monnonites

 

1536-1561-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Roman Catholic Council of Trent

 

1545-1563

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Calvin, a founder of Reformed theology

 

1536-1564

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Aug 23, 1572

French Catholics treacherously kill 5-30K French Huguenots

Jesus Luis de Molina (Molinists teach prevenient grace)

 

1588-1600

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Westminster Shorter Catechism

 

1646-1647

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Great Council of Moscow (Orthodox, icons)

 

1666-1667

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Jerusalem

 

1672

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unitarians

1600-

Denied the deity of Christ and the virgin birth

Ottomans devise the Devsirme system

1383-1638

Required each Christian family to give up one son to be a Muslim Janissary

Thirty Years War Catholics vs. Lutherans+France

1618-1648

About 1/4 of Germans perished. Many Protestants and Catholics killed.

Bogomils, Manichaean/Gnostic

970-1650

Originating from Paulicans, they spread from Greece to France

Jakob Ammann & the Amish (no modernity)

 

1693-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benjamin Keach. English Particular Baptist, hymn writer. Wrote 43 works

 

1658-1704

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isaac Chauncy, Neonomian and medical doctor

 

1660-1712

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of the Russian Church (Orthodox, icons)

 

1722

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benedictine Antoin Calmet

 

1707-1742

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isaac Watts, theologian and logician. 750 hymns

 

1690-1748

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

George Whitfield (Great Awakening preacher)

 

1714-1770

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emmanuel Swedenborg (Last Judgment in 1757, Oneness)

 

1744-1770

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christian August Crusius

 

1744-1775

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Constantinople (Orthodox, icons)

 

1776

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Wesley, Arminian, Methodism's founder

 

1738-1791

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Spanish Inquisition

1478-1834

Tortured & executed Jews, Muslims, Protestants, & even many Catholics

Medieval Inquisition in France & Europe

1184-mid 19th century

Tortured & executed Anabaptists, Protestants, & a few Catholics

Gr. Orthodox: Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain Pedalion (The Rudder)

 

1775-1809

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Charles Finney (Arminian revivalist)

 

1825-1875

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ellen G. White & Seventh Day Adventists

 

1763-

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Primitive Baptists (reformed, believer’s baptism, no mission societies, ~110K members)

 

1827-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mormonism (Latter Day Saints)

 

1830-

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

X

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

John Rippon, hymnist

 

1771-1836

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christadelphians deny the Trinity, and H.S. Satan as beings

 

1849-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Babis

 

1844-1850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Azalis & Baha'is

 

1850 & 1863-

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kurds massacre 10,000 Nestorians

1846

 

Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod split from LCMS. They believe the papacy is the antichrist. ~300K members.

 

1850-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tokugawa Shoguns persecute Christians in Japan

1629-1856

Those who refused to trample pictures of Jesus or Mary tortured & killed.

Queen Ranavolana I of Madagascar

1828-1861

Killed half of the people of Madagascar (2.5 million), especially Christians

St. Ignaty Brianchaninov (Orthodox, icons)

 

1807-1867

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insider Movement to Hindus (founded by Kali Chan Banurji)

 

1870-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower)

 

1872-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

 

 

 

W

 

 

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian

 

19th century

W

W

W

W

W

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

-

-

-

-

W

X

X

X

Mary Baker Eddy & Christian Science

 

1875/1879-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Julius Mueller. Protestant theologian, pre-existence of souls

 

1839-1878

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Charles Spurgeon. almost 3,600 sermons

49 vols.

1854-1892

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unity Church (founded by Charles Fillmore)

 

1899-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oneness Pentecostalism

 

1914-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Roman Catholic Cardinal James Gibbons

 

1868-1921

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Communist persecutions

1922-

Persecution of Christians and others, from the USSR to the Khmer Rouge

Jews intermittently expelled or attacked

1009-1939

Jews attacked by mobs, pogroms, or expelled in Europe & north Africa

Gustavo Guitierrez & Liberation Theology

 

1950-s-1971-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rev. Moon’s Divine Principle (Unification Church)

508

1954-

W

W

W

-

W

W

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

-

-

-

 

-

 

 

Word Mission Society Church of God (=Church of Ahnsahnghong, =Elohists)

 

1964-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insider (C5) Movement to Muslims (Qur'an & Mohammed from God too, rejects the Trinity)

 

1970's-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

Chrislam, syncretistic religion in Nigeria

 

1970's-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Church Universal & Triumphant / Elizabeth Claire Prophet (New Age)

 

1975-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Buddhist persecution in Myanmar/Burma

2000-

Buddhist government persecutes both Christians and Muslims

Hindus persecute Christians Orissa province India

Aug 2008-

300+ churches burned, 400+ killed after Maoists kill Hindu Swami Laxmananand

Hans Kung, liberal Roman Catholic theologian

 

1954-2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

70 million Christians martyred

35-July 2014

according to David B. Barrett of World Christian Encyclopedia

Conservative Protestant, R.C. Sproul, Antioch Church (600 million)

-

c.1517-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

m

-

m

-

-

-

W

m

W

m

Modern Eastern Orthodox (200 million)

 

1672-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

m

-

m

-

-

-

W

m

W

m

Modern Roman Catholic (1.29 billion)

 

1962-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

m

-

m

-

-

-

W

m

W

m

Messianic Jews

-

1960's-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

m

 

 

-

-

-

W

 

W

 

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

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a4

a5

a6

a7

a8

a9

a10

h1

h2

h3

h4

h5

h6

h7

h8

h9

h10

www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/NiceaToEphesusTeachingOnApologeticAndPolemicEvangelismGrid.html. Ref’s at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatEarlyChristiansTaught.html